«4°,* 



»°*+. 






-*<*> 






q*. ♦..'•* a 














• "£*. A?* * 














**^/*< 







V » I • ' 
o. ♦'"XT*' A <, '^.l** ,6* ^o. "♦-"TTT*' A <, -r.T*" ,6*" V ♦-TT'' A 




v • ' • °* c\, 





r. ^o >^ . . 



••v.--. v 



V 







c 0^ .^V.*b 



^ 




°^> *^T» A 



v ^ • 

«? ^ • ©WS * aV -i 




o ^-> 







<t< 



i\ w .•; 



: 4 r.* v 



V 



.G T *b, ♦ < T7V* A v» 




C * 



°.. ♦..■>•* a 



• "*^ a*" * 




• U a* *^ 

A° 9+ *'^ 

• j^Stv^'^ o 




1 •l^L'. ^ 




^» a v ^ 
• «A <► 






./V 








^ '- 1 A" <5^ 






i** '% a* ' ^Wa* '^ $**' / ^K** ^ a* ' 'jsMk' "\ </ * % £ffi&'' u a* ' o 




" ***** 









•bv" 









• ^ A^ •* 




^.^ 



y * £.^ 
j* 1 ? 



• A V *V « 











* A ^' 




• ^ A^ •- 




^ ^-o« •^W-. ^ov* :^»*^ ^o* f-aK: "ov* 






^ ^. 








'.* ^ 



£ 













^ A v ' 










..« ,o v 



,0 o • " • ♦ ^> a* ."*. <*>. o v . • • • • *b ^** .<■'•. 






°^^ tm*. V„. c :^«-- o ._ 



S ', 




.S 



.5 , 



Musically . . . 



i 



IT IS OF IMMENSE IMPORTANCE WHAT PIANO YOU BUY ITS LIFE WILL 
!^,L W ! N .H. YEAR _ S _ OR MORE ' AN ° ™ ESE YEARS ARE T ° MAKE OR MAR 



YOUR MUSICAL LIFE. 




Your Daughter 

wants a 

PIANO 

this year. 

You 

can afford to 

buy 

her one, 

as it is an 

investment 

which is 

sure to 

bring gladness 

to the 

whole family 

and 

make home 

doubly 

attractive. 



DCN'T FORGET 



WHEN YOU DECIDE TO PURCHASE EXAMINE THE 

"CONOVER" 

The only STRICTLY high-grade Piano manufactured 
in the West. 



Conover-r* 
Piano Company 



2 19 and 221 Wabash Avenue 



gryn At.iu-r 



Jtoi-t Hill 



r/Wc /, Snmnlenlnle 



J. n. 



| /rot'np 



naming 



■Hontrosc 



Belmont 



nt Clare 
iGalewood 

L_< 



, Hunting Ave 

Bouleugrd 



\ 



llilraoo 
Difrlag 




OF THE 

City of Chicago 



IMolA 
PARk 



IMROLDI 



EXPLANATION: 

City Limits 

Parks and Boulevards 

Railroads . 

Stations 



Jr.innEi.ii n 
riBic 



IMHUUSjl 






- — v*: 



Mfidison I □ r^* | St 

JpflVrM.il T.iri 
Vernon Parlita 




Chiog 



59th Si 



La"P 



_M. C'irV.; i 

77»t 



79f* 

ci la»i 



F..rll 



Soulb. Lynpf 



6911- SI. 



^ T — ^4 1 i 
/" 7 'a. *»■ 



Wad Si 



"CbaE.IU. 
Auburn fi 







&5lh pi. 



RAILROADS 

Depot 

No 

AtchtsOD. Topcka 4 Santa Fe 6 

Baltimore 4 Ohio J 

Chicago*: Alton 

Chicago, Burlington 4 Qulnc) 3 

Chicago Central ' 

Chicago 4 Eastern Illinois <; 

Chicago A Erie * 

Chicago* Grand Trunk ]> 

Chicago Ureal Western ......... 7 

Chicago, Milwaukee * St. Paul 3 

Chicago 4 Northern Pacific ... * 

Chicago & North-Westrn I 

Chicago. Kock Island 4 Pacibc i 

Chicago 4 So. Western . 

Chicago & West Michigan B 

Chicago 4 Western Indiana ■-.--• 
Illinois Central . »■ =■ 

Kankakee Line , ( ,C..C 4 St-L.jS. 5. 1 
Lake Snore* Michigan Southern . 4 
Louisville. New Albany 4 < hlcago b 
Michigan Central ..... ..--- -■ "• =■ ' 

New York, Chicago 4 St. Louie » 

Pittsburg, Cincinnati. Chicago 4 

Pit taburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago . 3 

Wabash % 

-Wisconsin Central ' . 



\Kenwooa" 
tfMadison Park 



WJ SHINGTOX 



PARK St 



T JACKSON 

\^TARK 



utli Shore 

odsor Park 

lletlli:Ull 



.Clitltt-nlium ^ 




loJ, Mt-Nkll* a. Co '• Mtp of iL* Oily *f irocti 

1m%|ii. itsi. bj bad, Hdhlb i I 



H.^wi-li^ - ■ 



Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co 

IIiivi- flu- IhiuumI I 1 , ^"" " ^^^ ^^ • 



hive Hi.- larttt-xt an. I l>. >si , mi i ,,,„,| r,,! ,„-,,., i, 

Hi.- iji-.MiiK-tioii ,,r i ink ( vi{' K , V( ,| ^ ,., ,.",," Ov wAv< r 

■mil HARNESS, of all styles ,.a,l . K -<-,-' ,,,i..,, J. v,ON> - 



SOUTH BEND. IND. 
and CHICAGO. ILL. 




Repositories at Chicago. New York, San 
rraneisco, Portland. Ore.. Kansas City. 
St. Joseph, Mo., and Salt Lake City. 



SS> 



£ 



Agencies in all the principal town 
cities in the United States. 
Catalogues on application. 



s and 



...An Attractive Linear* 




All the 
Best... 



iW't-t ggpM imm 






R. BOOKWALTER, 

City Passenger and Ticket Agent, 

182 CLARK STREET. CHICAGO 



Depot. 
Dearborn 
Station 



Charles l. Stone, 

General Passenger Agent. 

C+IICAGO 




Cure Yourself ^COTT, 

WITH OUR INSTRUMENT AND HOME TREATMENT V *H*M -^^^^nai^^^"" 



R amey's Medicator... 

CT T UT7Q Catarrh, Catarrhal Deal m as, Headache, 
*- ivE/O Neuralgia. I ooghs, Colds, Bronchitis, 



Asthma, Hay Fever, La Grippe, etc., <>r monej re- 
funded. 

*RICE COMPLETE, WITH FOUR £■ p f» (\ 
MONTHS' TREATMENT BV MAIL. ^* *- ■ ^ W 

Tin- medicine is put on a Bpoiige In enlarged jmrt of 
inedlcatOT Insert twin tubes h> aostrUs, single tube 
in mouth, then blow: thus your lungs force higblj 

medicated afr into all parts of the head and throat. 
Send for terms, testimonials, and full particulars. 

AnpnR Wantprl Large profits for ladies or gentle- 

Agents wanieo. me * » Nii ,, xperlem .,. required. 

Ask yam druggist fur RAMEY'S MED1CATOR. 
Take no other. 

gen. howard says : 

Times Building, Chicago. 
Ramev Medic ati h: Co., 85 Dearborn Street, City. 

The Ramev Midi' atnr and treatment for catarrh and kindred affections 
we have tried. It reaches directly the part affected, and the treatment has 
proved Invariably beneficial. very truly yours, C. H. Howard. 



GOV. CHASE SAYS: 

Executive Dept., Indianapolis, lxi>. 

I have used your Med teat or with entire satisfaction for colds and 
catarrhal trouble. When used according to directions its effect Is imme- 
diate and a cure seems certain. 1 shall not travel without it. 

Very respectfully, Ira J. Chase. 

HAY FEVER- What a Prominent Clergyman Says 

Chicago, III. 

I have used RamevV Medicator and Compound Inhalant for Hay Fever 
and found relief. 1 6hould think such a remedy would be valuable for 
colds and catarrh. Rev. H. W. Thomas, People's Church 



deafness and catarrh cured. 

South Bethlehem. Pens, 
1 bought one of your Medlcators last fall for Catarrh. It benefited me 
no much. I had lost my hearing, and got it back by the use of tout. 
Medicator. Respectfully. W. H. Fvhr, 619 Cherokee St. 

RAMEY MEDICATOR CO., 

85 Dearborn Street, - - Chicago, III. 



Knights Templars 
and Masons Life 



Indemnity 



Company 



HOME OFFICE: 

1303 Masonic Temple, 

....CHICAGO.... 




W. H. GRAY, - Genebal Managed 
GEO. M. MOULTON, - President 



Insurance in lorcc, Januan 1 si, 189b, 
Policies " " " I89h, 

Net Cash Assets " " 1896. 

Increase in net assets over last year, 



$25,703,398.00 

7,509 

$311,328.85 

25,855.21 



PDotograpber 



CHICAGO. 



Cor State and Madison Sts 
champlain building 

» * * 

AWARDED 



Silver Medal at (Juincy Exposition, lSSo. 

Gold Medal at Quincy Exposition, 1880. 

Gold Medal at Photographic Exposition, Milwaukee, 

Silver Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Chicago, 1886. 
Gold Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Minneapolis, 

iSSS. 
Gold Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Boston, 1889. 
Bronze Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Washington, 

D. C., 1S90. 
Diamond Badge at Photographic Exposition, Chicago, 

1893 
Medal and Diploma at Worlds Fair, Chicago, 1893. 



P. S.— Our Finest $5.00 Platinum and Enameled 
Cabinets reduced to $2.50 per dozen. 




Repairing 

and 

Painting 

in all 

its 

branches. 



WM. HESELSHWERD, 

Manufacturer of "' ^^"^ — -■— -■ — 

Carriages 
and Business Wagons 




151-153 

E. 39th Street 

Chicago. 

«*> 

Telephone, 

Oakland jgy. 







TRADE , /; \ ^» | MARK 

USE DR. KILMER'S SURE HEADACHE CURE. 
Worth 51.00 a Tablet.... 

Or Kilmer'- Sure Headache Cure is worth $i .„, - t 
tablet to me when I have Sick Headache. It cures nic 
every time. Mrs. Berrymax, High Gate Va 



Camera Exchange 

kodaks 

|fg| PHOTO, SU PPLIES 



DEVELOPING and 
PRINT ING,. . . 

MAIL ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO 

Boston Photo Finishing Co. 

60S, 126 STATE STREET 

CHICAGO, 



OTHERS SAY THE SAME. 

Worth its Weight in Gold.... 

Dr. Kilmer's Sure Headache Cure is worth its weight 
in gold and has cured every case that tried it. 

W. E. Moore, House, X. C. 

Every Box Cures.... 

Dk. Kil.mek & Co., South Bend, Ind.: 

Send me one gross of Dr. Kilmer's Sure Headache 
Cure. It goes like wild tire and every box give- perfect 
satisfaction. S. A.Bessemer 

Hartwick, X. V., March 17, 1894 



25 Cts a Box 25 Doses 



SAMPLE FREE. 



THE PERFECT CUFF HOLDER 

Fastens the 
Cult in the 
Lining 01 
the Coat 
Sleeve. . . 

Holds th.- cuO in exactly the .nine position ,,t all times Ju-t what .„ 

neurei - Have been rantuuj. Will last a lifetime. „r„ , , . „ 

Can not net out of order. Will save their price in Iaun- BEST WAY 

1 . I' . : /i' h . claapsopen. place raB In portion in coat TO HOLD 
- l . ve.-itter coat is on. then press down on the outside of Tur rucrc 
^ecve.clo-intf the clasp, thus the jaw, of the "HE CIFFS 

THE PERFECT CUFF HOLDER CO., 85 Dearborn St., Chicago. 





Chicago's Health and Pleasure Resort— 
" The Carlsbad of America " 



Accessible 
North and Soi-th— 

^"ia •• Monun Route " Chicago 

Co Louisville and connections. 
East \n*d West— Via B. & o. s. 

W. Ry. Cincinnati to St. Louis 

and connections. 



Distance-Miles... 

Chicago . 
Cincinnati 
Evansville 

Indianapolis . 
La Fayette 
Louisville 
St Louis 
Terre Haute . 



One can arrive at the Springs the 
same day from above localities. 

Round-trip tickets can be had at 
reduced rates. Free bus to and 
from all trains. 



West Baden mineral Springs 

LOCATED AT WEST BADEN, ORANGE COUNTY, IND. 

NO SPRI.NCS on THIS CONTINENT 

as yet analyzed, afford m..rc than 
a fourth part of the quantity of 
sulphurated hvdrogen, and their 
gaseous contents are destructive 
- if microbes of disease. 

These waters are alterative and 
tonic, when moderatelv used: in 
larger quantities are' powerful 
.'.-mutators, acting upon the 
bowels, kidneys, and skin, with- 
out, however, producing an v irri- 
tating effect. 

To The Invalid. 

The many cures effected by the 
use of these waters for the' last 
thirty years gives the strongest 
- - ;-f£jL m * it A*i Jg assurance of relief. 
WEST BADEN SPRINGS HOTEL. To Those Not Invalids. 

Sham H.at.B K tr,cL,g,U.T t l^mpl,.Ex B n a .andOail a Matt Facilities The old maxim that-,,,, ounce 

RATES $2.00 TO $3.00 PER DAY "1 Preventive is tetter than a 

found of cure conveys its ,, W n 

OPEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAH. suggestion. 




to al.'^K'st^uIntTf^r^^^^e" X^^U"^^^^ ££ "(, '^BrYetyT" They are antagonistic 
common when artificial remedies are used. trueuts - ana seated appetites entire!) from the system - without resultant evils — so 



these curative wal era 



The eminent 



Pr^^^hdS^J^^S^Sf'^M? BLOOD AILMENTS yie.d , ., 

•" confess that^an^um^ Europe and of this country, and I arn free 

agent to the mucous membrane, m^ta , San-, aA^^^r i-"^' ' ",' ? toma,;h ' < he li « r - «"<1 '"* kidnlys, as a hea in! 
ever prescribed. The range of their ^dapUbiilt'^s^^thafif UtaSSd'^SISf S'* """'" '"' "^ ^^ ***"* ^ ' ha " 

WEB^S^?'^ "x ■**»« BILLIES, Chicago; DR . Geo. W. 

.nedffirJJpeVtPi '^J'S^SJSJ^^S^ o^hTVuitecT StS 'l? \^i ?'/' '- "° '"" '" their - lual "«= 

l-r pamphlets or information, address 



West Baden Springs Co. 



West Baden. Indiana, 

or 269 Dearborn Street, Chicago. 



World's Medical Institute 

Suite 211-212, 56 Fifth Avenue. 



iCOKNER RANDOLPH STREET. 



- - CHICAGO, ILL. 



Expert Special Physicians and Surgeons. 

* # * * ♦ 

SPECIALTIES: — Chronic Nervous and Delicate 
Diseases of Men; Skin and Kidney Diseases, Asthma, 
Rheumatism, etc. Female Diseases. : 



PROMPT RELIEF IN EVERY C/VSE. 



SURGICAL OPERATIONS A SPECIALTY. 



HOURS: 9 A. M. TO 5 P. M. SUNDAY, W A. M. TO 12 /VOO*. 



THE LATEST ACKNOWLEDGED 

Standard Manual 

FOR 

Presidents, Secretaries, 
Directors, Chairmen, 
Presiding Officers. 

AND EVERYONE IN INY WAY I ONNECTED WITH PI BLIC LIFI 
..]< CORPORA! E BODIES, 1- 

Reed's Rules 



HON. THOMAS B. REED, 

Speaker of the House of Representatives. 



Try Megrimine.... 

IT IS A POSITIVE CURE FOB ALL FORMS OF 

Headache and Neuralgia 

After Megrimine has relieved you 

recommend it to vour friends 

CAUTION.— None Genuini unless 
Labeled Dr. Whitehall's Megrimini . 

THE DR. WHITEHALL MEGRIMINE CO., 

Oliver Opera House Block, South B end, Indi a na Td. S. A 

FREE TO LADIES. 

\ trial box of OAK BALM, which will cure you it you are sick, 
weak headachy, unable to work, or suffer from female troubles 

which doctors can not cure. Oak Balm is the only natural genuine 
remedy tor these disorders. I am so sure of its good effort that 1 
will mail you a trial box FREE, if you will send me yournameand 
address Mrs. W. Haight. South Bend, lnd. 



•Reasonable, richt. and ri^id." 

.1. STERLING MORTON, Secretary of Agriculture. 

"I commend the book most highly " 

W. MoK.INI.KY, Governi 



IN HANDY POCKET FORM. 

CLOTH, 75 CENTS; LEATHER, $1 .25. 



RAND, MCNALLY A. CO., CHICAGO. 



MARS and GUIDES 

TO ALL OF THE 

PRINCIPAL CITIES 

ANii 

Every Country in the World 

Globes, Map Ka.ks. Spring Map Rollers, German Maps. Wall 
. im , ,.. Historical Maps, Classical, Biblical, Hist. 

Anatomical. Astronomical, Physical, and General Atlases ol all 
kinds kepi in stock A I 

RAND. McNALLY & CO.. Map Publishers and Engravers. 
162 to 172 Adams Street. Chicago. 



In all "UNRIVALED CHICAGO" 



there is no establishment so remarkable as our 



STORE OF ALL THE PEOPLE,' 

no production so unique, so wonderful in its effect upon 
the affairs of the People (we mean the thrifty, wide-awake 
ones), as our new 



General Catalogue ™* 



***** 



Supers' Guide 



GE T IT- GET OTHERS TO GET IT. 

* If "** is a book of 700 pages, containing 13.000 illustrations, and more than 40,000 
■I dependable descriptions, including almost everything that's used in life. 

"It" te ^ s vou wflat y ou ou ght to pay, no matter what you buy, or where you 
11 buy it. 

"It" should ^ e m t Qe house of every bright buyer, the true and trusty guide to 
'*■ the value of all that's bought, showing how and where the most and best 
for the money may be had. 

**If " is sent to any address for 15 cents, in coin or stamps. The book itself is free 
" — the 15 cents is to pay part of the actual postage or expressage. 

WE Vii* GET IT- GET OTHERS TO GET IT, 

for the CO-OPERATION of the People is what enables us to make and 
maintain prices in their favor, saving them the always high, and often 
exorbitant, charges of "middlemen." 




^U£td*& 



T HE STORE OF ALL THE PEOPLE. 
MONARCHS OF THE MAIL ORDER BUSINESS. 

Call and look through our great 10-acre store when in the city. We have 
uniformed guides, who will show you all points of interest; and, our word for 
it, you'll enjoy and never forget the visit. 

Ill to 116 Michigan Avenue, CHICAGO. 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO 



CONTAINING 



AN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE 



OF 



THE GREAT CITY S DEVELOPMENT 



AND 



V Descriptions of Points of Interest, such as 

Pares, Boulevards, Prominent Buildings. Public Institutions, 



Colleges, Railroad Depots, Hotels, Etc 



with 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF REPRESENTATIVE MEN 
IN THEIR SEVERAL LINES. 



PRO FUSEL Y ILL USTRA TED 



ACCOMPANIED BY TWO ACCURATE MAPS OP THE CITY. 



CHICAGO AND NEW YORK: 

RAND, McNALLY & COMPANY, PUBLISHEES. 

1896. 



GENERAL INDEX. 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page 

Adams, George E 36 

Aldrich, Chas. H 36 

Armour Institute 95 

Auditorium Hotel, entrance to Mich- 
igan ave S3 

Bancroft, Edgar A 37 

Barnum, Wm. H 37 

Belrield, Dr. Wm. T 101 

Bevan, Dr. A. D 11)0 

Bisbee, Lewis H 37 

Bishop, Dr. S. S 102 

Board of Trade Building 53 

Bond, L. L 3S 

Booth, A., Packing Co.'s Building... 62 

Brewster, E. L 54 

Brooks, Dr. Almon, Residence 103 

Brooks, Dr. Almon 102 

Brophy. Dr. T. W 124 

Brown, George W 39 

Brown. Dr. Sanger 102 

Bucklin. H. E., Building 5s 

Bucklin, H. E 59 

Bunker, Chas. H 62 

Byford. Dr. Henry T 104 

Camp, Isaac N 71 

Chicago Athletic Association 22 

Chicago University, The 91 

Chicago Varnish Co.'s Building 63 

Coe, Albert L 77 

Colburn, Dr. Joseph E 104 

Coleman, Dr. W. F 104 

College of Physicians and Surgeons. 93 

Collins, L. C. Jr 47 

Columbus Memorial Building 25 

Corner State and Monroe Streets.. 1 

Counselman, Chas 55 

Cowperthwait, Dr. A. C 106 

Crafts, Clayton E 38 

Cudahy, John 57 

David, Dr. Cyrenius A 112 

Davis, Dr. Charles G 105 

Davis. Jr., Dr. N. S 105 

Dunn. John 80 i 

Dynamo Room, Edison Co 60 

Eberhart, John F SO 

Elk in Lincoln Park 19 

Elliott, Edward S 40 

Elliott, Wm. S.. Jr 41 

Etheridge. Dr. J. H 107 

Field, M. & Co.'s Building 85 

First National Bank Building 54 

Fourth Baptist Church 98 

Fowler. Frank T 65 

Gage, Lyman J 53 

Gilman. Dr. John E 108 

Goldspohn, Dr. A 109 

Graceland Cemetery. Scene in 78 

Grand Pacific Hotel 5 



Grant Monument 3 

Gray, Wm. H 74 

Gridley, N. C 40 

Grosvenor, Dr. L. C 110 

Harper, Wm. H 57 

Hedges, Dr. S. P ill 

Herald Building 12 

Hirschl, Andrew J 46 

Hurd, Harvey B 44 

Hyde, Dr. James N m 

Ingals, Dr. E. Fletcher m 

Insurance Exchange Building 27 

Isham. Dr. R. N 113 

Ives, Dr. F. B 112 

Jay, Dr. Milton 113 

Jones, Dr. S. J 113 

Jones, J. M. W 71 

Kaestner, Chas. & Co.'s Building.... 66 

Karpen, Adolph 65 

Keeney. James F 75 

Kent, S. A 55 

Kimbark, S. D 79 

Kimball. W. W ' 75 

King, Dr. Oscar A 114 

Knight. Clarence A 42 

Knights Templar and Masons' Life 



Indemnity Co. .. 

Kretzinger, Geo. W 

Kurz, Adolph 

Lawrence, Edward F 

Learning, Jeremiah 

Lily Pond, Lincoln Park 

Lily Pond, Washington Park. 

Lincoln Monument 

Lincoln Park 



81 
■In 
46 

M 
42 
90 
21 

:-;2 
.. IS 

Lincoln Park 15 

Linne, Statue of 24 

Low. Dr. James E 124 

Lowden, Frank 43 

Ludlam, Dr. Ruben 116 

Madden, M. B 64 

Manierre, Dr. Chas. E 115 

Mann, James R 43 

Map. Mouth of River 8 

Martin, Dr. Franklin H 115 

Mason, Wm. E 44 

Masonic Temple. The 84 

McArthur. Dr. L. L 100 

McCormick Seminary 94 

McFatrick, Dr. Geo. W 114 

McFatrick, Dr. James B 114 

Miles, Dr. Franklin 117 

Miller. O. E 75 

Miller. Dr. Truman W 117 

Monadnock Block 14 

Monroe. H. S 45 

Murdcck, Dr. E. P US 



Newberry Library 96 

Newman, Dr. H. P 118 

iNew England Congregational Ch'cli. 99 

Noel, Theo., Office 76 

Ottawa Indian Monument » 

Owens, Dr. John E 119 

Parker, J. Grafton 78 

Parker, John R 47 

Pratt, Dr. Edwin H '122 

Quincey, T. S 72 

Rand-McNally Building 30 

Relic House 77 

Rosenthal, James "46 

Rush Medical College 92 

Sattley. W. N "71 

Scanlan, Kickham 48 

Schiller, Statue of 10 

Schiller Theater 87 

Schoeninger, Adolph, Residence..!::] 70 

Schoenmger, Adolph 69 

Seal Pond " 17 

Sherman, E. B " 45 

Smith, Abner 35 

Smith, Dunlap "78 

Smith, Lloyd J 55 

South Water Street ' 26 

Spalding, Dr. Heman !.'!'l20 

State Street, north from Quiney 4 

Star Accident Building 79 

Stearns, Dr. W. M "I'l 

Stensland, P. O S2 

Streeter Hospital, The .'...' 120 

Streeter, Dr. J. W 120 

Studebaker Building, Wabash ave.'. 68 
btudebaker Building, Michigan ave. 67 
Studebaker Residence, South Bend.. 6S 

Studebaker. Peter E 66 

Studebaker Works, South Bend..::'.! 67 

Tacoma Building 52 

Tatge. Wm. H " 47 

Thurston. Dr. E. H 121 

Thornton, Chas. S 49 

Torrence, J. T., Residence of...."" 73 

Torrence, J. T 74 

Trainor, John C 49 

Trine, Dr. John G 123 

Union Park 23 

Union Stock Yards .'"81 

Unity LTnitarian Church "97 

Venetian Building 89 

Vocke, William 49 

Wacker, Charles H ,,' 68 

Wait, Horatio L "50 

Western Bank Note Co.'s Building.. 61 

Wheeler, H. A 58 

Wisner, Albert, Residence 8B 

Winston, Frederick S 51 



INTRODUCTION. 



THE QUEEN OF THE CONTINENT, with 
her throne planted ou the west shore of Lake 
Michigan, and with a domain which extends to 
every part of the 
Western Hemis- 
phere, which men 
have named "Chi- 
cago," could not 
have selected a 
i in ne unpromis- 
ing location, so far 
as outward ap- 
pearances went, 
when that loca- 
tion was deter- 
mined. 

A b road 

swamp, threaded 
by sluggish hay 
OUS, rank with 
skunk cabbage, 
wild garlic, and 
other unsavory 
weeds, certainly 
could have given 
but slight 

grounds for pre- 
dicting a fut ure 
city. Moreover, it 
is claimed b y 
those whose opin- 
ion is entitled to 
respect, that it 
was only through 
a sheer error that 
the city which 
should have 
grown up about 

the mouth of the 
St. Joseph or the 
Calumet, came to 
he located around 
here, on the west- 
ern side of the 
lake; and that the 
laud which the 
government actu- 
ally bought for its 
fort at the mouth 
of the Chekagou 
river, was a very 
fair section in In- 
diana, and not 
the swamp which 
was inadvertently 

taken. In early days the ditch now known as from the fa 
the Chicaeo river reached hack into the prairie 



within a very short distance of the Des Plaines 
(with which it has since been united), leaving 
only a short portage to be made in a journey 




A BUSY CORNER -STATE AND MONROE STREETS. 

Eastern lakes to the mouth of the 
Mississippi. And later, when the Northwest 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



north and south. The exception noted above is, 
that south of Twelfth street, the streets and 
avenues take their initial numbers from the 
streets which they cross. Thus, beyond Twelfth 
street the numbers run from 1200 upward until 
Thirteenth street is reached, when they begin 
again with 1300, and so on. A movement is on 
foot to apply this simple method to the entire 
city; but at present a street number guide is 
necessary to a stranger who wishes to And his 
way about easily. 
Chicago's rapid growth in population has be- 



Pork packing is one of the principal indus- 
tries, the growth of which is shown in the fol- 
lowing table. Number of hogs packed in Chi- 
cago during the year: 

1854 52,849 

I860 151,339 

1871 919,997 

1881 5,752,101 

1895 5,784,070 

Beef packing has grown with like rapidity. 




STATE STREET, LOOKING NORTH FROM QUINCY STREET. 

come proverbial— about 20 per cent, annual in- During the season of 1863-64, there were packed 

creas< — and her rise in wealth and importance here 70,086 cattle, while in 1894-95, the number 

has been phenomenal. A few figures will suf- had risen to 1,803,466. The -rain trade has in- 

fice to illustrate this development. Population: creased from 6,928,459 bushels received in IS.-)::, 

and 37,235,027 bushels in 1860, in 189,432,819 

1830 70 bushels in 1891. Shipments, which began with 

1 1M0 4 - 8 53 78 bushels of wheat in 1838, had grown by 1870 

Jfg| - !, - !l " :1 to 54,745,903 bushels of grain of all kinds (flour 

} ' _ 112,172 included, reduced to its equivalent in grain). 

"*™ 298,977 and in 1895 reached the sum of 171.404,137. 

'' s " 503,185 Tin- lumber receipts, which in 1S."5;{ aggregated 

]H° 1,208,669 202.101.000 feet, and 93,483,000 shingles had 

lbM 1,657,727 reached, in 1895, 1,638,130,000 feet, and 352, 



INTRODUCTION. 



313,000 shingles, i^alt receipts had increased 
in the same period from 81,789 t<> L,994,056 bui'- 
rels; coal, from 38,548 to 6,091,284 ions; hides. 
from 1,274,311 to 90,822,102 pounds; wool, from 
1,030,600 to 51,371,694 pounds. The clearing 
house statement of the associated hanks of 
Chicago for the past six years is as follows: 



1SS7 $2,969,216,210 

L888 : > ,.ir,::,774,4<;L.' 

1889 3,379,925,188 

1890 4,093,145,904 

1891 4,456,885,230 

1895 5,614,979,203 




ONE OF THE OLD-TIME GLORIES OF CHICAGO — THE GRAND PACIFIC MOTEL. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



EARLY HISTORY. 

The early history of Chicago will be a subject 
of increasing interest as it grows older and 
takes on greater commercial importance. Whal 
was it in its beginnings, what were the causes of 
its phenomenal growth? are questions that peo- 
ple will ask themselves with increasing fre- 
quency. Then the antiquarian and the archaeolo- 
gist will vie in feinting out information about 
its early history, its people, and their times. 
The .Miami Confederation of Indian tribes, 
including the Illinois, from which the State de- 
rives its name, are generally supposed to have 
been the early proprietors of the site of Chicago, 
and the first recorded white visitor to the spot 
was probably the Sieur Jean Nicolet. He at 
least "visited the villages of the Illinois" some- 
where about 1634, and among them, probably, 
the important settlement near the mouth of the 
Checagou river. Later, in K.72-74, Louis Joliet, 
a trusted agent of Count Frontenac — then 
Governor of "New France"— and Father 
Jacques Marquette, a devoted priest of the So- 
ciety of Jesus— appear, from the French chroni- 
cles, to have visited and explored the Chicago 
liver. Fragmentary allusions in these same 
records, however, tend to prove that long before 
this period the French trappers and fur-traders 
were familiar with the locality. Thus, Mar- 
quette, in 1674, falling ill on his way up the 
( 'hicago river, was visited and cared for by two 
trappers — one of them, fortunately for him, a 
surgeon — who had their cabin near by. 

Nicholas Perrot, also, is said to have visited 
the place in Kill; and, after the death of Mar- 
quette, in 1675, Father Claude Allouez, suc- 
ceeding him in the mission of the Illinois, made 
several trips hither. 

By some, again, it is confidently asserted that 
La Salle preceded Joliet in his first visit; but, 
however the honors may stand in point of time, 
to Joliet certainly belongs the credit of having 
first given to the Chicago river a definite po- 
sition in the geography of our country, and to 
him also pertains all the honor of first propos- 
ing the canal that now connects the waters of 
Lake Michigan with those of the ( '.ulf of Mexico, 
a scheme which required nearly 200 years to 
convince engineers of its feasibility. 

The stories of these early explorers and mis- 
sionaries read more like romances told by some 
ingenious fabricator of adventures, than sober 



fact; and there is no page in American history 
more fascinating than those relating to the 
French explorations in the Northwest; nor are 
there to be found instances of greater hardi- 
hood, grander perseverance in the face of well- 
nigh insurmountable difficulties, or nobler self 
sacrifice in the cause of duty, than the lives of 
these voyageurs and missionaries furnish. 
Often disappointed, almost constantly suffer- 
ing, these brave men pressed onward to the 
martyrdom which they knew as a rule awaited 
them. Especially is this true of the Jesuit mis- 
sionaries, who, for the generous purpose of sav- 
ing the souls of unknown and unwilling 
savages, freely laid down their lives in the 
trackless wilderness; and. as one fell beneath 
the burden of his labors, or under the treachery 
of his flock, another eagerly and enthusiasti- 
cally took his place, and followed him to a simi- 
lar death. 

There was nothing in the site of Chicago as 
these early explorers saw it, to tempi the eye or 
hint of future importance — a sluggish estuary 
creeping tortuously through marshes and sands 
into the desolate lake, and behind it, as far as 
sight could reach, nothing but sandy barrens, 
malarious marshes, and trackless prairies; the 
very name, signifying in the Miami tongue, 
"skunk cabbage, wild onion, or garlic," might 
have been repulsive enough to discourage them. 
Rut, to our advantage, visitors continued com- 
ing. 

In H'>78, La Salle, having secured from the 
French King a patent of nobility, as well as a 
grant of seigniory for Fort Frontenac. on Lake 
Ontario, undertook in earnest the exploration of 
the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. With him, 
among other followers, came three Flemish 
friars, two of them, Fathers Membre and Ri- 
bourde, being the immediate successors of Fath- 
ers Marquette and Allouez in the Illinois mis- 
sion. The expedition encountered many 
difficulties in its wanderings; but, during the 
period between 1678 and 1683, La Salle crossed 
the Chicago portage several times. 

Sometime during 1685, a fort was built here 
by Durantaye, one of La Salle's followers, and 
the letters of the French Catholic missionaries 
of the time show that in 1699 there was a flour- 
ishing Jesuit mission at the same place. 

As time passed, the locality of Chicago saw 
many changes of ownership, and had successive 
visitors. In 177U a large tract of land, includ- 



EARLY HISTORY. 



ing the site of i li<- presenl city, was purchased 
by William Murray, for five shillings, and "cer- 
tain merchandise," from its red proprietors. 
This purchase, in turn, passed into the bands 
of an American company, bul the governmenl 
finally refused to confirm the title, and in 1795 
the United States secured by treaty a tract of 
land six miles square, surrounding the mouth 
of the < 'hicago river, intending to establish here 
a military post. 

1795 TO THE INCORPORATION. 

An Irishman said that "the first white settler 
in Chicago was a black man." Writing on July 

4. 1779, the then British Commander at Fort 
Michiliniackinac mentions this "oldest inhabi- 
tant" as "Baptiste Point De Sable, a handsome 
negro, well educated, and settled at Eschika- 
gou, but much in the Flench interest." This 
Point De Sable was a Santo Domingoan slave. 
who had probably tied from his Spanish masters 
to the kindlier protection of the French in 
Louisiana. Anyway, he became a trapper, and 
established his cabin at the mouth of the Chi- 
cago river, and there remained, following his 
calling, until 1796, when he sold out to Le Mai. 
a Fren<h trader, and rejoined at Peoria an old 
Santo Domingoan companion, in whose cabin 
he died. Meanwhile, during the years of De 
Sable's residence here, Chicago had become a 
somewhat familiar trading point, and Le Mai. 
succeeding him. added considerable impetus to 
its growth and importance, lie made some im- 
provements, and carried on his business until 
1804. But in the meanwhile three or four neigh- 
bors had settled down beside him, and in 1803, 
Captain John Whistler, in command at the I'. 

5. army post at Detroit, was ordered hither to 
erect a fort. It was finished in the fall of the 
same yea!', and was called Fort Dearborn, in 
honor of the Secretary of War, Ceneral Henry 
Dearborn. In 1804, John Kinzie. an Indian 
trader from St. Joseph, Mich., bought out Le 

Note. — It may be well to state that Prof. A. D. Hagar, 
late Secretary and Librarian of the Chicago Historical 
Society, after extensive and thorough research and 
personal investigation came to the conclusion that it 
is not the Chicago river at all which is so often alluded 
to in the writings of the early explorers, but the Calu- 
met river, at the south end of the lake. Since that 
time, the Great Calumet has disappeared through the 
artificial drainage of the marshes in which it had its 
springs; but, with the exception of its point of en.try 
into Lake Michigan, the present feeder of the Illinois 
and Michigan Canal, from Lake Michigan via the Little 
Calumet, Stony Creek and the "Sag Ditch," lies over 
the route of the old Checagou Portage. This position 
Prof. Hagar so minutely fortified that it is well-nigh 
impossible to assail it in _ny way except by stating 
that both ancient maps and ancient writings seem to 
indicate a confusion of the present Chicago and Calu- 
met rivers with one another. Prof. Bagar's paper may 
be found in the library of the Society, and will repay 
careful reading. 



Mai*s cabin, and brought his family hither, after 
improving the .ban Baptiste cabin into a toler- 
able dwelling. His son, John EL, who was hut 
a few months old at the time of the removal, 
subsequently became one of the most prominent 
men of the city. 

For about eight years things rolled along 
smoothly. The garrison was quiet, and the 
traders were prosperous, the number of the lat- 
ter having been considerably increased. Then 
the United States became involved in trouble 
with Great Britain, which finally broke out into 
the war flame. The Indians took 1 he war-path 
long before the declaration of hostilities be- 
tween the two civilized nations. On the 7th of 
April, 1812, they made an attack on one of the 
outlying houses, and killed and scalped the only 
male resident, then descended toward the fort, 
but refrained from making an attack, finding 
that the soldiers were ready to give them a 
warm reception. For some months they con- 
tinued to harass and rob the outside settlers. 
The government finally decided to abandon the 
fort, as it was too remote from headquarters to 
be successfully maintained in a hostile country. 
On the 7th of August, 1812, Captain Heald, the 
commander, received orders to evacuate the 
fort, if practicable; and. in that event to dis- 
tribute all the United States property among 
the Indians in the neighborhood. He hesitated 
for five days, knowing that a special order had 
been issued by the War Department to the 
effect that no fort should be surrendered "with- 
out battle having been given." He then re- 
luctantly decided to Comply, as his little force 
of seventy-five men was evidently unable to 
cope with the Indians. 

On the 12th instant the Indians assembled in 
council, and Captain Heald informed them that 
he would distribute among them, on the next 
day. all the ammunition and provisions, as well 
as the other goods lodged in the United States 
factory, on condition that the Pottawatomies 
would furnish a safe escort for him and his com- 
mand to Fort Wayne, where they should receive 
a further liberal reward. The Indians acceded 
to these terms: but Mr. Kinzie. who had learned 
by long experience the treachery of Indian 
character, afterward prevailed on Captain 
Heald to destroj all the liquor and the ammuni- 
tion not needed by the troops on the journey. 

The next day the blankets, calicoes and pro- 
visions were distributed as agreed upon, and in 
the evening the liquors were thrown into the 
water, with all the ammunition, except twenty- 
five rounds, and one box of cartridges. They 
also broke up all the spare muskets and gun 
fixtures, and threw them into the well. So 
much liquor was thrown into the river that the 
Indians drank largely of the water, saying that 
it was almost as good as "grog." 

The next morning Captain Wells. ;i relative 
of Captain Heald. arrived from Fori Wayne 



8 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



with fifteen friendly Miami*. In the afternoon 
another council was held, at which the Potta- 
watomies professed to be highly indignant at 

the destruction of the whisky and ammunition, 
and made numerous threats, which plainly 
showed their murderous intention. On the 
morning of the loth of August, L812, the troops 
left the fort. Mrs. Kinzie, with her family of 
four children, two domestics and two Indians, 
took a boat, intending to cross the lake to St. 
Joseph, hut remained at the mouth of the har- 
bor during the subsequent carnage, then re- 
turned to their home. The military party went 
southward, intending to inarch around the head 
of the lake. They had only proceeded about a 
mile and a half, when they were attacked by a 
party of Indians, concealed behind a sand ridge, 
whom they charged and dislodged from the po- 
sition ; but the 
Indians were so 
numerous that 
a party of them 
were able to 
outflank the sol- 
diers, and take 
the horses and 
baggage. A se- 
vere tight fol- 
lowed, in which 
the number of 
the soldiers 
was reduced to 
twenty - eight ; 
and during that 
action a young 
sa v a ge toma- 
hawked the en- 
tire pa r t y of 
twelve children 
in the baggage 
wagon. Captain 
H e a 1 d then 
withdrew h i s 
troops, and a 
parley ensued, 
the consequence of which was that the troops 
surrendered on condition that their lives should 
be spared, and were marched hack to the fort, 
which was plundered and burned the next day. 
Mr. Kinzie did duty as surgeon, extracting the 
bullets with his penknife. 

Accounts vary somewhat as to whether the 
Indians kept faith in their agreement, some 
charging that they massacred the children and 

son f the women after the surrender; but the 

facts appear to have been as above stated. The 
total number of killed was fifty-two. which in- 
cluded twenty-six soldiers, twelve militiamen, 
two women and twelve children. The prisoners 
were ransomed some time afterward, the Kinzie 
family being taken across the lake to St. 
Joseph, and thence to Detroit, a few days after 
the massacre. 




MAP OF THE MOUTH OF THE CHICAGO RIVER, 
WITH THE PLAN OF THE PROPOSED PIERS FOR IMPROVING THE HARBOR 
BY WM. HOWARD, UNITED STATES CIVIL ENGINEER. 
FEBRUARY 24, 1830. 



h< 



For four years the place was deserted by all 
save Indians, Even fur-traders did not care to 
visit the scene of so much disaster. In 1816 the 
fort was rebuilt, under direction of Captain 
Bradley, and was thereafter occupied continu- 
ously by United States troops for twenty-one 
years, excepting a short time in 1831. In 1837, 
it was abandoned, the Indians having been re- 
moved far to the westward. The fort stood, 
however, till 1856, when the old block house 
was demolished. Its position was on the south 
bank of the river, just east of the place where 
Rush street bridge was afterward built. One 
old building, however, remained, almost rotten 
with age, till the great conflagration swept it 
away, as the last relic of military rule. It was 
a small wooden structure that had formed part 
of the officers' quarters, and stood almost in the 

apex of the 
sharp corner 
formed by the 
meeting of 
Michigan ave- 
nue with River 
street. 

But the re- 
building of the 
fort failed to re- 
establish the 
entente cordiale 
that had ex- 
isted between 
the Indians and 
whites previous 
to the spring of 
1811". Mr. Kin 
zie did not re- 
turn till some 
time after the 
-fort was recon- 
structed. Gur- 
don S.Hubbard, 
Esq., who was 
a resident of 
Chicago until 
died a few years ago, visited the place in 



1818, as agent of the American Fur Company, 
of which John Jacob Astor was then President. 
He came in a small schooner which was sent 
here once a year with provisions for the gar- 
rison. On his arrival he found only two families 
on the site of the future city outside the fort. 
John Kinzie lived on the north side of the river, 
nearly on the line of Michigan avenue; and 
Antoine Ouilmette, a French trader, who had 
married an Indian woman, resided on the same 
side, about two blocks further west. J. B. Beau- 
bien arrived about the same time. In 1823 one 
more white resident appeared on the scene. 
Archibald Clybourne, who established himself 
about three miles from the fort, on the North 
Branch. In 1827 he built a slaughter-house, 
and entered into business as butcher for the 



EARLY HISTORY. 



fort. He resided here continuously until the 
day of his death, August 23, 1872. In the same 
year (1827) Chicago was visited by Major Long, 
on a government exploring expedition, who 
drew a sorry picture of tin- place, which then 
contained only three families, all occupying log 
cabins. Hi- said, in his subsequent report, that 
Chicago presented no cheering prospects, and 
contained but a few huts, "inhabited by a mis 
erable rare of men. scarcely equal to the In- 
dians from whom they had descended," while 
their houses wen- "low. filthy and disgusting, 
displaying not the least trace of comfort." His 
opinion of the site as a place for business was 



Beaubien had managed to buy the entire pro- 
perty for |94.61, and subsequently divided it up 

and sold lots on it: but in 1840 the Supreme 
Court annulled his claim, and he received back 
his money without interest. Meanwhile, in 
1839, most of the property was resold by the 
government to individuals, and later the bal- 
ance was granted in sections to the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad Company, the Cnited States 

Marine Hospital, which st 1 upon Michigan 

avenue, and was burned in the great tire, and 
the balance to Gen. Beaubien. Dearborn Park 
was a result of the same legal dispute. 

(In the site of the fort itself now stands a 



-**' . 



■ 



"V. 



ffe 



• 




equally poor. He spoke of it as "affording no 

inducements to the settler, the whole amount 
of trade on the lake not exceeding the cargoes 
of five or six schooners, even at the time when 
the garrison received its supplies from the 
Mackinac" How wonderfully the aspect of the 
place changed within half a century from the 
time of Major Long's visit, has been written 
with ,i pen of iron — the record graven so deeply 
that not even the great conflagration could 

efface it. 

After the evacuation of Fort Dearborn, the 
land and property remained in charge of the 
government officials conducting the harbor im- 
provements. However, in Is::.". "Gen." John B. 



OTTAWA INDIAN MONUMENT, LINCOLN PARK. 

large grocery store, with a memorial tablet let 
into its wall. It may be seen at the corner of 
Michigan avenue and South Water street. 



FROM THE DICORPOKATION TO THE 
GREAT FIRE. 

In 1837, Chicago became a city. It was in- 
corporated by act of the Legislature, passed 
March 4. which extended the limits to include 
an area of about ten square miles li was 
bounded as follows: On the south by Twenty- 
second street, on tie- west by Wood street, oil 
the north by North avenue, and OD the east by 



10 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



the lake, except the fraction of section ten oc- 
cupied as a military post. It included, in ad- 
dition, the ground on the lake shore lying east 
of Clark street, extending half a mile north of 
North avenue, since occupied as the old city 
cemetery, and now a portion of Lincoln Park. 




STATUE OF SCHILLER. LINCOLN PARK. 

The statue of the great poet stands among the flowers facing the Lincoln Park 

Conservatory. It is a reproduction of the famous work of Ernst Raus. The 

statue is the gift of the Schwaben Yerein. and was unveiled with 

imposing ceremonies May 15, 1S86. It cost $8,000. 



tenia] resources and improvements, and every- 
thing that goes to make up a great and mighty 
municipality, are matters of history. Its whole- 
sale trade in 1871 was about $450,000,000. Its 
progress astonished the world, and was scarcely 
credible to its own citizens. 

By the hist city 
census, taken in 18:17, 
its population was 
4,170, inclusive of 14(1 
sailors belonging to 
vessels owned here; 
and in 1871 it had 
grown to 334,270, with 
a corporate valuation 
of $289,746,470. The 
lirst railroad out of 
the city, the Galena & 
< Ihicago Union, now a 
part of the < !hicago & 
North- Western Kail 
way. was opened in 
1848, and the Illinois 
& Michigan Canal was 
also completed in 
1848; l>ut railroad con- 
nection with the East 
was not established 
until 1852, on Febru- 
ary 20 of which year 
"the first 1 h r o u <>• h 
train from the East, 
via the Michigan 
Southern Railroad, en- 
tered Chicago, and 
was greeted with a 
salvo of artillery." 
Several successive ex- 
tensions of the city 
limits had taken place 
in the interval, so that 
in 1871 Chicago em- 
braced the total area 
of thirty-five square 
miles. She had a total 
tonnage of 95,395.95 
tons: imported goods 
to the value of $2,- 
042,499, and exported 
to the amount of •$•"),- 
580.174. Then, at the 
very height of her 
good fortune and in 
the midst of her on- 
ward career, came the 
great conflagration, 
which in a single night 



The corporation was divided into six wards, 
each of which was empowered to elect two al- 
dermen. 

From this period to the date of the great 
fire, the onward march of the city is well known. 
Its marvelous growth in population, wealth, in- 



effaced all signs of her prosperity, and awoke 
the commiseration and active sympathy of the 
entire civilized world. 

THE (iREAT FIRE. 

The great fire, memorable in the history of 



EARLY HISTORY. 



11 



the city as the firsl bar to iis progress, occurred 
on the night of October 8, 1871, and is ye1 fresh 
in the minds of our citizens, as well as in the 
hearts of all the people of the earth, whose 
charity poured in to the assistance of the suf- 
ferers. 

We can not better describe its horrors than 
by the following abstract from "Chicago and 
the Great Conflagration," by .Messrs. Colbert 
and < hamberlain: 

••There had been, on the previous evening 
(thai of Saturday, the Tth of October], an ex- 
tensive conflagration, which the journals had 
recorded in many columns, devoting to it their 
most stunning headlines, their most ponderous 
superlatives, and their most graphic powers of 
description. The location of this tire was in the 
W.-st Division, between Clinton street and the 
river, and running north from Van Buren street, 
where it caught, to Adams street, where, fortu- 
nately, it was clucked, rather by the lack of 
combustible material than by any ability of the 
Fire Department to obtain the mastery. * * 
* * The damage by this tire was nearly a 
million dollars. 

"* * * A little while after nine o'clock 
on Sunday evening the lamp was upset which 
was to kindle the funeral pyre of Chicago's pris- 
tine splendor. The little stable, with its con- 
tents of hay, was soon ablaze. By the time the 
alarm could be sounded at the box several 
blocks away, two or three other little buildings 
— tinder boxes — to the leeward had been ig- 
nited, and in five minutes the poor purlieu in 
the vicinity of De Koven and Jefferson streets 
was blazing like a huge bonfire. * * * 

"The first vault across the river was made at 
midnight from Van Buren street, lighting in a 
building of the South Division gas works, on 
Adams street. This germ of the main tire was 
not suppressed, and from that moment the doom 
of the commercial quarter was sealed, though 
no man could have foretold that the raging 
element would make such complete havoc of 
the proudest and strongest structures in thai 
quarter. The axis of the column, as it had pro- 
gressed from the starting point in the south- 
western purlieu, had varied hardly a point from 
due northeast. Having gained a foothold upon 
the South Division, its march naturally lay 
through two or three blocks of pine rookeries, 
known as 'Conlev's Patch.' and so on for a con 
siderable space through the abodes of squalor 
and vice. Through these it set out at double- 
quick, the main column being flanked by an- 
other on each side, and nearly an hour to the 
rear. That at the righl was generated by a 
separate brand from the western burning; that 
at the left was probably created by some of the 
eddies which were by this time whirling 

through tin- streets toward tin' flame below 
and from it above. The rookeries were quickly 
disposed of. Beyond them, however, along I. a 



Salle street, was a splendid double tew of "lite 
proof mercantile buildings, the superior of 
which did not exist in the land. * * * 

"One after another they went as the column 
advanced; and the column was spreading fear 
fully — debouching to right and left, according 
as opportunities of conquest ottered themselves. 
It was not long after one o'clock before the 
Chamber of Commerce was attacked, and fell a 
prey to the on-advancing force. Soon the Court 
House was seized upon; but it did not surrender 
until near three o'clock, when the greal bell 
went down, down, and pealed a farewell dying 
groan as it went. The hundred and fifty pris- 
oners in the basement story were released to 
save their lives. They evinced their gratitude 
by pillaging a jewelry store near by. * * * 

"From the Court House the course of the 
main column seemed to tend eastward, and 
Hooley's Opera House, the Times building, and 
Crosby's fine Opera House (to have been re- 
opened that very night) fell rapidly before it. 
Pursuing its way more slowly onward, the fiery 
invader laid waste some buildings to the north- 
east, and, preparatory to attacking the magnifi- 
cent wholesale stores at the foot of Randolph 
street, and the great Union Depot adjoining, 
joined forces with the other branch of the main 
column, which had lingered to demolish the 
Sherman House — a grand seven-story edifice of 
marble — the Tremont House, and the other fine 
buildings lying between Randolph and Lake 

streets. 

"The left column had. meantime, diverged to 
pass down LaSalle street and attack all build- 
ings 1 \ inji to the west of that noble avenue — 
the Oriental and Mercantile buildings, the 
Union Bank, the Merchants' Insurance building, 
where were Gen. Sheridan's headquarters, and 
the offices of the Western Union Telegraph, and 
in fact an unbroken row of the stone palaces of 
trade which had already made LaSalle street a 
monument of Chicago's business architecture, 
to which her citizens pointed with glowing 
pride, and of which admiring visitors wrote and 
published warm panegyrics in all quarters of 
the globe. The column of the left did its mis 
sion but too well, however, and by daylighl 
scarcely a stone was left upon another in all 
that stately thoroughfare. Bui one building 
was left standing in this division of the city — a 
large brick structure, with iron shutters, known 
as Land's Block. This was saved by its isolated 
location, being on the shore of the river, and 
separated by an exceptionally wide street from 
the seething furnace which consumed all else 
in its vicinity. 

"The righl column started from a point near 
the intersection of Van Buren street and the 
river, where some wooden buildings were ig- 
nited by brands from the West Side, in spite of 
the efforts of the inhabitants of that quarter to 
save their homes by drenching their premises 



12 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



with water from their hydrants; and, we need 
hardly add, in spite of the desultory though des- 
perate efforts of the Fire Department. The 
right column had also the advantage of a large 
area of wooden buildings on which to ration 
and arm itself for its march of destruction. 
Thus fed and equipped, it swept down upon the 
remaining portion of the best-built section of 
the town. It gutted the Michigan Southern 
Depot and the Grand Pacific Hotel, and the tor- 
nado soon made them shapeless ruins. It 
spared not the unfinished building of the Lake- 
side Publishing Com- 
pany, which had al- 
ready put on a very 
sightly front, and 
which had scarcely 
anything to burn but 
brick and stone. It 
licked up the fine new 
buildings on Dearborn 
street, near the Tost 
Office.* * * 

"The Post Office was 
seized upon and Rut- 
ted like the rest, some 
two millions of treas- 
ure being destroyed in 
its vaults, which 
proved to have been of 
flimsy construction. It 
swept down upon the 
new Bigelow House, a 
massive and elegant 
hotel which had never 
yet been occupied, and 
demolished that, to- 
gether with the Hon- 
ore Block, a magnifi- 
cent new building, 
with massive walls 
adorned with hun- 
dreds of stately colon- 
nades of marble. It 
reached out to the left, 
and took McVicker's 
new theatre in its 
g r a s p for a moment, 
with the usual disas- 
trous result. It as- 
saulted the noble Tri- 
bune building, which the people had been de- 
claring, even up to that terrible hour, would 
withstand all attacks, being furnished with all 
known safeguards against destruction by fire; 
but the enemy was wily as well as strong. It 
surrounded the fated structure, and ruined it 
too. It threw a red-hot brick wall upon the 
building's weaker side, a shower of brands upon 
the roof, a subterranean fire under the sidewalk 
and into the basement, and an atmosphere of 
furnace heat all around. It conquered and de- 
stroyed the Tribune building at half-past seven 




THE HERALD BUILDING, 154 WASHINGTON ST 



in the evening. It marched on and laid waste 
Booksellers' Row, the finest row of bookstores 
in the world. It fell upon Potter Palmer's store 
of Massachusetts marble, for which Field, 
Leiter & Co., dry goods importers, were paying 
the owner $52.11(10 a year rent. This splendid 
building, with such of its contents as had not 
been removed in wagons, went like all the rest. 
It deployed to the right, in spite of its ally, the 
wind, and destroyed the splendid churches and 
residences which adorned the lower or town end 
of Wabash and Michigan avenues. Among 

these were the First 
and Second Presby- 
terian Churches, Trin- 
ity Episcopal Church, 
and the palatial row of 
residences known as 
'Terrace Row.' Finally, 
its course southward 
w a s stayed at Con- 
gress street by the 
blowing up of a build- 
ing. The southern line 
of the tire was for the 
m o s t part, however, 
along Harrison street, 
which is one square 
further to the south. 

"This is a brief 
sketch of the opera- 
tions of the fire in the 
West and South Divis- 
ions. It effected a 
foothold in the North 
Division as early as 
half-past three in the 
morning; and it is re- 
markable that almost 
the first building to be 
attacked on the north 
side of the river was 
the engine house of 
the Water-works; as if 
the terrible marauder 
h ad, wit h deadly 
strategy, thrown out 
a swifter brand than 
all others to cut off the 
only reliance of his vic- 
tims, the water supply. 
The Water-works are nearly a mile from the 
point where the burning brands must have 
crossed the river. The denizens of the North 
Division were standing in their doors and gaz- 
ing at the blazing splendor of the Court House 
dome, when they discovered, to their horror, 
that the fire was already raging behind them, 
and that the Water-works had gone. A general 
stampede to the sands of the lake shore, or to 
the prairies west of the city, was the result. 

"Besides its foothold at the Water-works, 
from which the fire spread rapidly in every di- 



EARLY HISTORY. 



13 



rection, it soon made a landing in two (if the 
elevators near the river, and organized an ad- 
vance which consumed everything left l>y the 
sriiies of separate irruptions which the flames 
were constantly making in unexpected places. 
This was the system by which the North Divis- 
ion was wiped out: Blazing brands and scinch- 
ing heat sent ahead to kindle many scattering 
lues, and the grand general conflagration fol- 
lowing up and finishing np. Within the limits 
shown upon the appended map nothing was 
spared; not any of the elegant residences of the 
patricians — not even those isolated by acres of 
pleasure grounds; not even the fire-proof His 
toxical Hall, with its thousand precious relics; 
not even the stone churches of the Rev. Robert 
Oollyer and Mr. Chamberlain, protected by a 
park in front: not even the cemetery to the 
north, whither many people removed a few of 
Their must necessary effects, only to see them 
consumed before their eyes; not even Lincoln 
Park, whose scattering oaks were burned to dis- 
mal pollards by the all-consuming flames- 
nothing but one lone house, the Ogden resi- 
dence, lately torn down.* as the sole survivor 
of the scourged district. The loss of life and 
the sufferings of those who managed to escape 
with life were most severe in this quarter of 
the city. They will be long remembered by all 
our people, the human element of the tragedy 
having been purposely omitted from this as far 
as practicable. Only at the lake and the north 
ern limits of the city was the conflagration 
stayed — or rather, spent — for lack of anything 
to consume. 

"The sensations conveyed to the spectator of 

* Washington square, between Clark street and 
Dearborn avenue. 



this unparalleled event, either through the eye, 
the ear. or other senses or sympathies, can not 
be adequately described, and any attempt to do 
it but shows the poverty of language. * * * 
"The total area burned over, including 
streets, was nearly three and a third square 
miles. The number of buildings destroyed was 
17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; per- 
sons killed, about 200. Not including deprecia 
tion of real estate or loss of business, it is esti- 
mated that the total loss occasioned by the tire 
was |190,000,000, of which about (44,000,000 
were recovered on insurance, though one of tin- 
tii st results of the fire was to bankrupt many of 
the insurance companies all over the country. 
The business of the city was interrupted but a 
short time, however. Before winter, many of 
the merchants were doing business in extem- 
porized wooden structures, and the rest in pri- 
vate dwellings. In a year after the fire, a large 
part of the burnt district had been rebuilt, and 
at present there is scarcely a trace of the ter- 
rible disaster, save in the improved character of 
the new buildings over those destroyed, and the 
general better appearance of the city — now 
architecturally the finest in the world." 

THE FIRE OF JULY. 1874. 

On July 14th, 1N74. within three years, as if 
the demon of destruction were not yet satiated. 
still another great fire swept over the devoted 
city, destroying eighteen blocks, or sixty acres. 
in the heart of the city, and about $4,000,000 
worth of property. Over 600 houses were con- 
sumed; but fortunately, by far the larger num- 
ber of these were wooden shanties. Nearly all 
the magnificent structures of the rebuilt sec- 
tion escaped. 



THE NEW CITY. 



"It is an ill wind that blows no one good," 
and th<> fearful calamity which destroyed the 
great city of wood, made possible the greater 
city of stone and iron which has replaced it. 





*"? 



flC&fi 



F I if 

,. s itt, ; m 

an t iter- , DEE 
(H 1 ICEi" ^ CBE 

3£ib 
fess 




of the old city had not ceased to smoke ere the 
new city began to grow, like a "Jonah's gourd," 
out of iis ruins. The magical growth of modern 
Chicago has been snng far and wide, and has 

gained for her the 
title of "the Phoe- 
nix of cities"; and 
truly, in the sol- 
idly and compactly 
built city of to-day, 
there is little to re- 
mind one that 
twenty -five 
years ago the very 
streets were 
burned out of rec- 
ognition. 

If Chicago had 
not already re- 
ceived its poetical 
title, "The Garden 
City," it might be 
a p p r op r i a t ely 
called the "City of 
Palaces"; for there 
are few modern 
cities which even 
approach it in the 
number and mag- 
nificence of its fine 
buildings, public 
and private. More- 
over, the generous 
width of its ave- 
nues contributes 
the perspective, ab- 
sent in New York 
and others of the 
older cities, which 
is so essential to 
architectural ef- 
fect. The mate- 
rials and designs 
are various, run- 
ning all the way 
up the scale, from 
the iron fronts of 
the business por- 
tion, on the South 
Side, to the mar- 
ble, granite, brown 
stone, brick, ser- 
pentine and Bed- 



DC 

1 E \ Secy d n 

iiccc is sees E ID jiSJiil 

I BED G « EEtf jj n 

l PS 




THE MONADNOCK BUILDING, JACKSON, DEARBORN, AND VAX BUREN 

STREETS, AND CUSTOM HOUSE PLACE. 

Had Chicago not been Chicago, and had Chi- ford sandstone of the finer residences and the 
cago not made herself indispensable to the various public buildings. 

world, such a blow might indeed have effec- However, the title "Garden City" is equally 
tually prostrated her. But, as it was, the ashes deserved; for there are few cities iu which more 

14 



16 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



space is allotted to yards, lawns and parks. 
The parks being usually regarded as the princi- 
pal attraction of the city, it may be well to 
place them first among' our descriptions, follow- 
ing with accounts of the public buildings and 
institutions. 

THE PARK SYSTEM. 

The system of parks and boulevards which 
girdle the city, is an institution peculiar to Chi- 
cago. Though the prairies on the one hand, and 
the lake on the other, keep the air of Chicago 
delightfully wholesome, the dwellers in a great 
city require au occasional glimpse of green, and 
these are supplied in the "Garden City" by the 
most extensive and elaborate system of parks 
and drives in the country. The parks proper in- 
clude 1,879 acres of land, and the connecting 
boulevards will, when finished, comprise a total 
length of about thirty miles. These improve- 
ments, though far advanced, can not be com- 
pleted within a number of years, as they involve 
large and elaborate works. 

There are a number of small "parks," 
"places" and "squares" distributed through the 
various sections of the city; but these, not be- 
longing to the boulevard system, shall have 
separate mention. 

The park system proper, including the boule- 
vards, is under control of commissioners ap- 
pointed by the State, and supported principally 
by direct tax upon the divisions of the city in 
which they are situated. Thus. Lincoln Park 
and the Lake Shore drive are under control of a 
separate commission, as are the parks situated 
on the West and South Sides respectively. 

Lake Shore Drive. — The North Division be- 
gins with the Lake Shore drive, a boulevard 
leadiug from the Water-works, through Lincoln 
Park. It may he reached from the South Side 
by way of Rush street bridge and Pine street, 
though Dearborn avenue is generally preferred. 
on account of its handsome residences. It is a 
beautiful drive, running for more than two 
miles directly beside the lake and along the 
eastern border of Lincoln Park, and is con- 
tinued beyond under the name of Sheridan 
Drive. 

Lincoln Park. — This, the first finished of 
the Boulevard Parks, occupies a space of 230 
acres, one-half mile wide by one and one-half 
miles long, bounded on the east by the lake, and 
on the west by < 'lark street, and extending from 
North avenue on the south, to Diversey avenue 
on the north. The southern portion of the pres- 
ent park was formerly occupied by the old Chi- 
cago Cemetery, but it was finally condemned 
for public use, and the bodies were transferred. 
A single reliquary grave remains as a reminder 
of the past. In 1869 the Legislature appointed 
its first Board of Commissioners, and provided 
for its maintenance and improvement, and since 



that time it has had constant care and labor, 
until it is the most complete of the entire sys- 
tem. On one side, the Lake Shore drive, contin- 
uing from the entrance, extends from Oak street 
to its northernmost limits, and commands, on 
one hand a panoramic view of the great lake, 
and on the other the varying scenic beauties of 
the park itself. Within its boundaries beautiful 
lawns alternate with picturesque, artificially 
broken grounds, flower-beds of the most elab- 
orate patterns, intricate walks, and magnificent 
winding drives. Noble trees and fine shrubbery 
are grouped in the most effective positions, and 
twenty acres of beautiful lakes add the pictur- 
esqueness of water to the general effect. Still 
further heightening the attractiveness of the 
resort, there are a refreshment pavilion, a plen- 
tiful supply of boats, an interesting zoological 
collection, a magnificent conservatory and palm 
house, the museum of the Academy of Science, 
and, in the summer, frequent musical enter- 
tainments. There are also a striking bronze 
Indian group, of life size, mounted on a massive 
granite pedestal — presented by Mr. .Martin 
Ryerson; and a bronze statue of Schiller, 
erected by the German citizens in 1880, on the 
anniversary of the great poet's death. It stands 
at the south end of the large flower beds. To 
these works of art have been added a Lincoln 
monument, by St. Gaudens, and a drinking 
fountain, as provided for in a munificent legacy 
of the late Eli Bates; the La Salle monument, 
presented by Lambert Tree; and the equestrian 
monument to General Grant, erected by the 
city in 1891. 

Humboldt Boulevard. — There is, at pres- 
ent, no completed boulevard connection between 
Lincoln and Humboldt Parks, the best practica- 
ble route being North avenue, a well-paved 
drive from the southern limit of the former to 
the northern border of the latter park. This 
gap it is intended to supply in the future, by the 
completion of Diversey boulevard. From Lin- 
coln Park, west to the north branch of the Chi- 
cago river, there is a break in the continuity of 
the boulevard plans. Eventually this gap will 
be filled by the utilization of Diversey avenue. 
At present Humboldt boulevard begins on the 
west side of the river, where Diversey avenue 
crosses it, and from there runs west a mile ami 
a quarter to Logan Square, then south one-half 
mile to Palmer Place, which, extending north 
two blocks, opens into a third division, running 
south three-quarters of a mile into Humboldt 
Park, at North avenue. The boulevard proper 
is 250 feet wide, while Logan Square is 100x800 
feet, and Palmer Place 400x1.750 feet; total 
length of the drive, about three miles. It is 
paved with granite, macadam, flanked with 
cedar blocks on either side, for a greater part of 
its length and is beautified by four rows of 
lawns and planted with trees. 

Humboldt Park, the northernmost of the 



THE PARK SYSTEM. 



system, lies four miles northwest from the City 
Hall, between West North avenne on the north. 
Augusta street <>n the south. North California 
avi-nue on the east, and North Kedzie avenne 
on the west. It mav be reached from the Smith 



refreshment pavilion close to the boat landing; 
a band stand, on which Sunday concerts are 
given during th<- summer months: and a beauti- 
ful conservatory to delight the lovers of flowers. 
It contains also a famous artesian well 1.1-"." 



Side by the .Milwaukee avenue and West North feet in depth, which furnishes a tine grade of 

rich in the sul- 
phates, chlor- 
ides and c a r 
b o n a t e s. at a 
temperature of 
63.5 C Fahren- 
heit. 

i Vntral Bou- 
levard, a little 
over one and a 
half miles in 
length, is the 
connecting link 
between G a r - 
field and Hum 
boldt Parks. It 
leaves the lat- 
t.r at Augusta 
street, and. run- 
ning south to 
S a c r a m ento 
Square, at In- 
diana street. 
proceeds west 
along the latter- 
street to < Vn- 
tral Park ave- 
nue, where it 
again turns to 
the south, and 
enters (rat-field 
Park at West 
Kinzie street. 
The Chicago. 
M i 1 w a nkee & 
St. Paul Rail- 
way tracks are 
bridged, just 
south of Grand 
avenue, by a 
handsome via- 
duct, w h i c h 
adds greatly to 
the picturesque 
variety of the 
drive. The av- 
erage width of 
the boulevard 
is 2">o feet, in- 
cluding th>- 




A 5EA1 POND, LINCOLN I'ARK. 



avenue street cars, on Randolph street. It is 
beautifully laid out. and contains 200 acres of 
land. It is one of the most attractive of all the 
parks, being well wooded, and provided with 
fine lawns, and having a large area of lake sur- 
face, admirably adapted for rowing. There is a 



completed driveway. 38 feet wide, bordered on 
each side by a narrow ribbon of turf, with a 
bridle path accompanying it along its outer 
edge, and a double colonnade of handsome elms 
affording tine shade and enhancing its beauty. 
Garfield Park, formerly known as "Cen- 



THE PARK SYSTEM. 



19 



tral Park," had its title changed iu memory of 
the martyred President It is the most westerly 
of the parks, and lies about four miles west of 
the City Hall, between West Kinzie street on 
the north, and Colorado avenue on the south. 
It extends one and a half miles from north to 
south, and contains 185 acres of ground. Three 
large lakes add the beauty of water effect to the 
scenery. In the lakes are several pretty minia- 
ture islands, one of them holding the band 
stand. There are plenty of boats to be hired at 
very reasonable rates, and there is a roomy 
landing 300 feet in length. The landing reaches 
back to the casino, a refreshment pavilion with 



minute. It has a high reputation for cases of 

anaemia and diseases of the stomach and kid- 
neys, as well as for rheumatic and kindred con- 
stitutional disorders. The rapidity with which 
what was wild prairie a few years ago has been 
transformed into an exquisite health and pleas- 
ure resort is truly remarkable. The Central 
Driving Association occupied a portion of the 
southern wing as a speeding park, and the Hack 
of the Garfield Park club adjoins it on tin- west. 
Garfield Park is reached by the North-Western 
Railway to Central Park Station, also by street 
cars on Lake and .Madison streets, or by way of 
Washington Boulevard. — This boulevard, a 




ELK IN LINCOLN PARK. 



broad verandas and breezy balconies. Through 
the elaborate shrubbery, woods, flower-beds, 
lawns and shady borders, wind three miles of 
walks and two miles of driveways, enmeshing 
the completed portion of the park; wood, stone 
and iron bridges, mazes and rustic seats, add 
variety to the scenery; and a handsome drink- 
ing fountain for horses, provided by the Illinois 
Humane Society from funds contributed by .Mrs. 
Mancel Talcott, furnishes refreshment for the 
animals. But the centre of attraction is the 
2,200 feet artesian well, supplying a valuable 
mineral water, at the rate of 150 gallons pel- 



continuation of Washington street, commences 
at Hulsted street, a little less than one mile di- 
rectly west of the City Hall, whence it extends 
through Union Park, westward to Garfield 
Park, and on to 52d street. Its total length is 
nearly live miles, and it is a beautiful driveway. 
averaging aboul lint feel in width, bordered on 
each side by a ribbon of turf, set with handsome 
trees, and built up for a greal part of its length 
with magnificenl residences, many of them sur- 
rounded by beautiful -rounds. It is the popular 
drive of tlie West Side, being macadamized or 
asphalted ami finely kept. 



20 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



Union Park, which, until the spring of 
1886, was one of the city parks, but at that time- 
it passed into the hands of the West Side Com 
missioners, by whom it has been greatly im- 
proved. The boulevard runs directly through it, 
bordered by walks, lawns and variegated 
flower beds, and in full view of the lake, pavil- 
ion, ornate fountain, and picturesque hills with 
which its surface is broken. It is in the heart 
of the residence portion of the West Side, being 
bounded on the north by Bryan Place and Lake 
street, on the east by Ogden avenue, on the 
south by Warren avenue, and on the west by 
Ashland avenue. It is one and three-fourths 
miles west from the City Hall, and will repay a 
visit. It may be reached within a half-hour by 
electric cars on Randolph or Madison streets, or 
Ogden avenue. 

Douglas Boulevard. — This is an L-shaped 
boulevard connecting Garfield and Douglas 
Parks, and extends from Colorado avenue south 
seven-eighths of a mile, then east seven-eighths 
of a mile to Albany avenue, where it enters 
Douglas Park. It is 250 feet wide, embracing 
in its plan a driveway (already completed) thir- 
ty-eight feet in width, bordered by strips of 
sward on either side, and accompanied by a 
bridle-path on its outer edge, the whole beauti- 
fully colonnaded with a double row of elms. It is 
now practically completed, and is one of the 
most popular of the boulevards on the West 
Side. 

Douglas Park is a prairie park, situated 
at the limit of the built-up streets of the city, on 
the open plain, free to all breezes from any di- 
rection. It lies four miles southwest from the 
City Hall, between West Twelfth street on the 
north, Albany avenue on the west, West Nine- 
teenth street on the south, and California ave- 
nue on the east. Though comparatively small — 
only 180 acres — it is a beautiful and popular 
park, and is especially notable as the spot se- 
lected by the Chinese of Chicago for their an- 
nual "Festival of the Kites," which is religiously 
observed with each returning August. Eleven 
acres of the park are covered by a picturesque 
lake, fed with the mineral water of an artesian 
well, gushing out in a romantic grotto. The 
water is medicinal, with properties similar to 
those of Garfield and Humboldt Parks. There 
is an inviting refectory, from the balconies of 
which a fine view is had of the park scenery, 
and there are a conservatory and propagating 
houses which furnish 60,000 plants annually for 
transplanting. 

Douglas Park is reached by the Twelfth street 
cars, which run on Randolph street to Fifth 
avenue; by the Ogden avenue cars, which run 
on Madison street, and by the local trains of the 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, which 
stop at Douglas Park Station. The depot is the 
Union, at Canal and Adams streets. The Chi 
cago Passenger Railway Company's tracks have 



been extended to Douglas Park, via Western 
avenue and Twelfth street. The driving route 
is along Washington boulevard to Garfield 
Park, thence to Douglas Park by the Douglas 
boulevard. 

Southwest Boulevard is still, for the most 
part, on paper, but the contemplated plan is for 
a boulevard on a grand scale. The proposed 
route is about five miles in length, reaching 
from Douglas Park south to Cage Park, at the 
terminus of Garfield boulevard. Starting from 
Douglas Park, at Sacramento avenue, it runs 
south about one-half mile to Laughton street, on 
which it continues eastward for a short dis- 
tance, to California avenue. Proceeding south- 
ward along this avenue about three-fourths of a 
mile, it reaches Thirty-first street, which is util- 
ized for about one-half mile to Western avenue, 
on which it completes the link with Cage Park 
and Douglas boulevard, crossing the Illinois & 
Michigan Canal just west of the Bridgeport 
lumber wharves. The boulevard will be 200 
feet in width, with a broad central driveway, 
bordered by wide strips of sward, shaded by 
double rows of elms, and outside of these still 
other roads for equestrians and general travel. 
Though a very small portion of this boulevard 
has been completed, it is possible to drive on 
Western avenue from Nineteenth street to Cage 
Park, at Fifty-fifth street. The road, of course, 
is not very good, but it affords an opportunity 
to follow the boulevard route, and passes 
through Brighton Park and the Town of Lake; 
while it is possible, as well, to reach in this way 
the sewage pumping works at Bridgeport, the 
West Side Waterworks, and the Union Stock 
Yards. The South Parks are best reached from 
Douglas Park, however, by way of Eighteenth 
street and Michigan avenue boulevard. 

Gage Park, the smallest park in the boule- 
vard system, forms the junction of Western ave- 
nue boulevard, which enters it from the north, 
and Garfield boulevard, into which it opens at 
the east. It contains twenty acres of ground, 
but so far not much has been done in the way of 
improving it. This park was named in memory 
of George W. Gage, one of the first Commission- 
ers, who died September 24, 1875. It may be 
reached by drive, as above described, or by the 
Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh Railway to 
Forty-ninth Street Crossing, which is within a 
mile, or by way of Garfield boulevard from 
Washington Park. 

Carfield Boulevard is completed on an elab- 
orate scale, with a commodious central drive- 
way, bordered by grass and rows of trees. Out- 
side of these, there will be on the one side a 
roadway for equestrians, and on the other a 
highway for traffic, the whole being hedged in 
with colonnades of elms. This boulevard is 200 
feet wide, and extends along Fifty-fifth street 
from Gage Park to Washington Park, a total 
length of about three and a half miles. The 



THE PARK SYSTEM. 



2\ 



improvements arc far advanced, aud the entire 
boulevard is in excellent condition for driving. 
Washington Park. — Garfield boulevard gives 
entrance at its eastern extremity to Washing 
ton Park, and this park, Jackson Park, and Mid- 
way Plaisance (the connection between them) 
are known un- 
der the collec- 
tive tille'-Soulli 
Parks.' - The 
total cost to the 
c i t v of t h e 
"rounds alone 
for these parks 
was |3,208,000, 
a n d the i in - 
l> !• o V e in e nts 
have consider- 
ably more than 
doubled that 
s d in. Though 
tlic work is not 
entirely com- 
pleted, the re- 
s u 1 1 is most 
gratifying, and 
the ' South 
Parks area con- 
tinual source of 
pleasure to our 
citizens, and a 
principal point 
of attraction to 
visitors. Wash- 
ington P a r k 
lies nearly six 
miles south and 
east from the 
City Hall, and 
is bounded by 
F i f t y - f i r s't 
street, Kanka- 
kee avenue. Six- 
tieth street and 
Cottage Grove 
avenue, a space 
of .".7 1 acres, 
somewhat over 
a mile west 
from the lake. 

The extent of 

t lie grounds has 
given an ojppor- 
t u n i t y f o r 
b re a d't h o f 
t r e ;i t 111 e 11 t 

which the land- 
scape artists have not neglected. Among the 
most attractive features are the "Meadow, " a 
famous stretch of sward, covering 1(1(1 acres; 
the"Mero," a meandering sheet of picturesquely 
(list ril hi ted water, thirteen acres in extent; the 
conservatory, a handsome building. 40x120 feet. 



connected with eleven propagating houses and 
a cactus house, and containing an interesting 
collection of tropical plants; the artesian well 
1,643 feet deep, which furnishes a mineral 
water; and the stable, built of stone, in the 
shape of a Greet cross, to accommodate over 




A LILY POND, WASHINGTON PARK. 

100 horses, the stalls being arranged circularly 
about a central space, into which the phaetons 
with their loads are driven when horses are to 
be changed. This stable covers a space of 325x 
200 feet, measured through its greatest diame- 
ters, and shelters the l".ll tine Norman blooded 



22 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



horses owned by the Commission. Flowers are 
tastefully distributed at the most effective 
points throughout the park, 200,000 plants be- 
ing propagated and set out annually. Boats 
may be hired for rowing on the Mere, and 
lunches may be had at the Refectory, in which 




CHICAGO ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION BUILDING, 124-126 MICHIGAN AVENUE. 



also is the Superintendent's office. Afternoon 
i oncertsare usually given at frequent intervals 
through the summer months during the season, 
from about June 1 to the middle of October, or 
later. 



Washington Park may 1><- reached direct by 
taking Cottage drove avenue cars. This line 
extends along the entire eastern border of the 
park. If driving is preferred, there are several 
routes to follow, either of which will furnish a 
good view of the residence portion of the city of 

the South Side. 
Starting f r o m 
Michigan a v e- 
nue and Jack- 
son street, 
Michigan a v e- 
nue may be fol- 
lowed to Thirty- 
fifth street, 
then turning to 
the east along 
the latter street 
to < Jianil boule- 
v a id, and 
thence to the 
Fifty-first 
street entrance 
o f the p a r k. 
Traversing the 
park and re- 
turning, Drexel 
boulevard a t 
the eastern en- 
trance may be 
taken, turning 
out to the righl 
on any of the 
avenues leading 
to the starting 
p o i u t. In this 
section are the 
homes of many 
of Chi cag o's 
leading c i t i - 
Kens, the diver- 
sified architec- 
ture of the resi- 
dences a long 
the route mak- 
ing the drive a 
pleasant and 
enjoyable one. 
Another and 
moredirect 
route is along 
State street or 
Wabash avenue 
t o Fifty-fifth 
street, thence 
along Garfield 
boulevard 1 
ilic park. The 
Alley South Side Elevated Railroad is now 
equipped and running from Congress street to 
Sixty-third street, ami these cars may be taken 
from Congress street to Washington Park. The 
cable-car fare is onlv ."> cents each way, and in 



THE PARK SYSTEM. 



23 



the warm, pleasant days of summer the ride ou 
the open cars affords a delightful recreation t'> 
the poor, or, for thai mat in-, to the rich. Con- 
stant improvements arc being made in the park. 
tending to make it more beautiful every year. 
Tin- iacc track of the Washington Park Club is 
said to be one of the finest in the world. And 
finally, the regular suburban trains on either 
the Lake shore & Michigan Southern Railway 
or the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway 
(running ou1 of the same depot, at Van Buren 
and Sherman streets) will land passengers on 
Garfield boulevard (Fifty-fifth and Clark streets) 
about one mile west of Washington Park. 



Jackson Park, when completed, will be by 
far the most attractive of the entire system, as 
it will be also the largest, covering the 524 acres 
bounded by Lake Michigan, Fifty-sixth street, 
Stony Island avenue and Sixty seventh street. 
Of its entire acreage, only 150 an- at present im- 
proved, though it is intended to push the plans 
rapidly to completion. They include a system 
of sinuous interior lakes, covering 100 acres, 
beautified with numerous islands and bridged 
passages, and connected at either end with Lake 
Michigan. A breakwater protecting the entire 
frontage has been constructed, and a fine pier 
for excursion steamers and pleasure craft will 




VIEW IN UNION PARK. 



Midway Plaisance. — At the present time 

the two South Talks — Washington and Jack- 
son — are connected by a beautiful drive, for- 
merly amounting t<> little more than a country 
road. The plans of the < k>mmissioners, how ever, 
include elaborate improvements for this con- 
necting link. Tiny comprise finely boule- 
varded, well-shaded driveways, and a handsome 
waterway connecting the lake systems of the 
two parks. It formed the Street of Nations dur- 
ing the progress of the great < !olumbian World's 
Pair in 1893. The Plaisance is located between 
Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets, is one and one- 
tenth miles in length, between the two park en- 
trances, and contains eighty acres of ground. 



be added. This beautiful pleasure ground has 
attained additional prominence from being 
chosen as the site of the great Columbian 
World's Fair Exposition, held in 1893. 

Jackson Park may be reached from Washing- 
Ion Park, by the routes mentioned in thai con 
nection. 

Drexel Boulevard. — Washington Park is en- 
tered from the north by two magnificent boule- 
vards — Drexel on the east, and Grand on the 
wist. They parallel each other at a distance of 
a little more than one mile apart, and are con 
nected at a point one and three-eighths miles 
north of Washington Park by Oakwood boule- 
vard, at which Drexel boulevard ends. This 



24 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



last named is the most exquisite of the boule- 
vard system, and has a wide fame. It opens 
into Washington Park at its northeastern 
angle, from the east, by a wide plaza, through 
the centre of which extends a broad lawn, richly 
ornamented by the gardener's art. On either 
side of this lawn are the broad driveways, and at 
Drexel avenue stand.* 
the famous fountain 
presented by the 
Drexel Brothers, 
the Philadelphia bank- 
ers, in memory of their 
father, after whom 
also the boulevard was 
n a m e d . Here, at 
Drexel avenue, the 
boulevard turns di- 
rectly north on that 
avenue, entering ( >ak 
wood boulevard at the 
junction of Thirty- 
ninth street and Cot- 
t a ge drove avenue. 
The boulevard is laid 
out on the plan of the 
Avenue l'lmperatrice, 
in Paris, and has two 
broad drives, one on 
either side of a central 
space, finely swarded, 
and filled with various 
species of trees, and 
o r n a m en t e d with 
flower beds, among 
which wind the well- 
gravelled promenades, 
with bowers and rustic 
seats. The entire bou- 
levard is 200 feet wide, 
and is bordered by 
rows of well-grown 
(dins. The tasteful 
villas along this boule- 
vard are one of its 
principal attractions. 
Oak w oo d Boule- 
vard is the connecting 

link between the boil 
levard last named and 
Grand boulevard. It 
is a fine drive, 100 feet 
wide, and half a mile 
lonji', and enters Grand 
boulevard at Thirty 
ninth street. "The Cot- 
tage" stands at its junction with Drexel boule- 
vard, whence the phaetons start for the tour of 
the park. 

Grand Boulevard, entering Washington 
Park at its northwestern angle, extends thence 
northward two miles to Thirty-fifth street, 
where it connects with a short boulevard on that 



street. It is 198 feet wide, a broad driveway 
bordered by strips of lawn, with double colon- 
nades of elms, outside of which are roadways 
thirty-three feet wide, the one on the west for 
equestrians, and the other for traffic. Still out 
side of these ate ribbons of turf with single rows 
of trees separating the roadways from the foot- 




STATUE OF LINNE, LINCOLN PARK. 



ways, which have yet another line of trees on 
their outer borders. 

Thirty-fifth Street Boulevard, running west 
ward on the street of that name, connects Grand 
and Michigan avenue boulevards. It is about 
one-third of a mile in length, and sixty-six feet 
wide. 



THE PARK SYSTEM. 



25 



Michigan Avenue Boulevard occupies the 
avenue from which ii takes it name, between 
Garfield boulevard on the south and Jackson 

street on the ninth, a distance of three and a 
quarter miles. The roadway is 1011 feet from 




curb to curb, and is bordered by strips of green, 
with elms, ami broad stone sidewalks. Il is the 
most fashionable drive in the city, and upon it 
are situated main' fine residences. 



The City Parks.— The oldest of Chicago's 
parks are the small, isolated squares of lawn 
and shrubbery scattered at various points 
through the city, bul they do not belong to the 
system proper, being underthecity government. 

They are. in 
general, v e v y 
attractively laid 
out — some of 
them with lakes 
a n d fountains. 
most of them 
h a ving f i n e 
trees — and are 
fairly well kept. 
They include. 
on the W e s i 
Side, Jefferson 
Park, tive and a 
half a e res. 
bounded by Ail 
ains. Throop, 
M o n r o e a n d 
Loomis streets, 
a mile and a 
half west anil 
south from the 
City Hall. ii 
is charmingly 
arranged with a 
lawn, a lake, a 
grotto, hills, 
trees, etc. Ver- 
non Park is on 
the north side 
of Polk street, 
between < Jentre 
avenue and L<><>- 

III i S street. 

n e a r 1 y t w o 
miles southwest 
from the City 
Mall, and about 
h a 1 f a m i 1 e 
south of lie' 
pa rk last 
named. It cov- 
ers nearly four 
a c res, has a 
lake and some 
tine trees. On 
the North Side, 
Wicker Park 
tills the triangle 
made b\ Park, 
North Robe,) 

a n d I'" o w I e r 

si reels. I ll roe 

miles nortliw esl 

and contains four acres of 

v laid out. Washington 



WASHINGTI IN STREETS 



from the City Hall 
ground, attractive 
Square, bounded by Clark street. Dearborn ave- 
nue, Washington Place ami Lafayette Place, is 



j>; 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



Grove avenues, at Thirty-seventh street, four 
miles smith from the City Hall, contains three 
and three-eighths acres. Aldine Square, at 
Thirty-seventh street and Vincennes avenue, 
close to the last-named park, is a beautifully 
kept enclosure, surrounded by handsome resi- 



about one mile north from the City Hall, and 
contains two and a quarter acres, well tilled 
with tine trees. 

On the South Side. Lake Park, the most cen- 
tral of the parks, lies between the Michigan 
avenue boulevard and the lake, and extends 
from Randolph 
street to Lake 
Park Place. It 
is now being ex- 
tended into the 
lake, and will 
be greatly beau- 
tified. Grove- 
land and Wood- 
lawn Parks, ad- 
joining e a c h 
other, and fac- 
ing the grounds 
of the old Chi- 
cago Univer- 
sity, lie b e - 
tween Cottage 
drove avenue 
and the lake, be 
y mid Thirty- 
t bird street. 
The two parks 
and the Univer- 
sity grounds 
were a gift from 
Stephen A. 
Douglas, whose 
mausoleum and 
monument oc- 
cupy a space of 
elevated ground 
contiguous t o 
Woodlawn 
Park, and over- 
looking L a k e 
Michigan. The 
mausoleum and 
shaft, 104 feet 
high, are of 
granite, and the 
latter is sur- 
mounted by a 
bronze statue 
of the g r ea I 
Senator, while 
four corner ped- 
estals are occu- 
pied by figures 
representi ng 

HinolS. His- %ot T TH WATER STREET, LOOKING WEST FROM DEARBORN STREE' 

tory," "Justice, 

and "Eloquence," respectively. This magnifi- 
cent memorial cost $100,000. Groveland Park 
is a grove of tine elms, well interlaced with 
vines, and threaded by picturesque walks. Ellis 
Park, lying between Vincennes and Cottage 




deuces. Besides these, there are several other 
small public grounds, including Congress, 
Campbell, and Union Parks on the West Side. 
There are a great many other parks, but of less 
importance. 



THE WATER WORKS. 



27 



THE WATER SUPPLY. 

No attempl will be made here to detail the 
history of the growth of the water system from 
the small requirements of a village population, 

when water was drawn through wooden pump- 




TXSrRAXCE EXCHAXC.E lir I LI UNG, EA SAI 



lojjs. to that of a city of 1,750,000 inhabitants, 
requiring iron mains up to four feet in diame- 
ter. We can only give the present develop 

hi. Broadly stated, the water supply of 

Chicago is taken from Lake Michigan, from 
two to four mile-; onl from shore. The firsl 



crib was built two miles out, which served as 
an intake for two tunnels, each of seven feel 
in diameter, running under the bed of the lake 
to pumping stations on the land. Subsequent- 
ly another tunnel of five feet in diameter was 
built to the same crib. Even this proved in- 
adequate; and. at times, there was found to 

be danger from 
shore contam- 
ination. So. an- 
other crib was 
buill four miles 
out. which was 
completed i n 
IS92, with an 
eight-foot tnn 
nel. In addition 
to these there 
a r e t w o. the 
Lake View and 
the Hyde Park 
cribs, the firsl 
with a fi and 
the other with 
a 7-foot tunnel. 
each two miles 
out. Altogether 
there are four- 
teen miles of 
1 a k e tunnels 
completed and 
i n operation, 
and six miles 

f land; 1 o 
which must be 
a d d e d eight 
miles of land 

1 u n n e 1 s aud 
three of lake, 
in c o u r s e of 
construction. 

The water is 
drawn through 
these tunnels 

to pumping sta- 
tions on shore, 
six in number, 
known respect- 
ively as the 

"Chicago Ave- 
nue."! he "Wesl 

Side," the"Cen- 
tral,"the "Four- 
teenth street," 

t h e " L a k e 

View" and the 
"Sixty - Eighth 
street." having a total pumping capacity of 
338,000,000 gallons of water every twenty-four 
hours, in connection with the tunnel exten- 
sions before mentioned, two more pumping sta- 
tions are projected, each of 60,000,000 gallons 
capacity, which, when completed, will make a 



28 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



total capacity of 458,000,000 gallons of water 
daily for the City of Chicago. 

At these pumping stations the water is 
pumped, by means of tremendous engines, di- 
rectly into the mains, by which it is distrib- 
uted to all parts of the city for all purposes. 
The mains are the pipes which are laid under 
the streets, and which are tapped at desired 
points for private service or hydrants. Those 
mains are of iron; and vary in size, the small- 
est being four inches in diameter and the larg- 
est four feet. Some are four, six, eight, twelve, 
sixteen, twenty-four, thirty-six and forty-eight 
inches, inside diameter; and the total length 
of water main in the city, at the end of 1895, 
was 1,940 miles. The Fire Department is sup- 
plied through 1<>,4W> hydrants. 

Next to the water supply system comes those 
of the sewers and streets. At the close of the 
year 1895 there were in Chicago about 1,284^ 
miles of street sewers, which had been built at 
a cost of $1(1,587.184. There were also 1,123.54 
miles of street paving of different kinds; and 
4,024.82 miles of sidewalks. From this, some 
idea can be formed of the aggregation which 
goes to make up the City of Chicago. 

THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. 

Closely connected with the water supply and 
the sewage systems of the city is that of drain- 
age. The growth of the city, so much beyond 
the wildest anticipations of the most sanguine, 
developed problems which at first were not 
dreamed of. The outlets of the sewers were 
into the lake, at the shore, and into the Chicago 
river, which itself emptied into the lake. No one 
supposed that this would ever he sufficient to 
contaminate the water supply taken so far out. 
But it was. In times of freshet, the danger be- 
came imminent; and it was made apparent 
that this must become more so as the city con- 
tinued to grow. Much was accomplished by 
the establishment of pumping works at Bridge- 
port to lift the water from the south branch of 
the river into the Illinois and Michigan Canal 
basin, and so, to turn the current of the river 
backward, ami carry the sewage which flowed 
into it from hundreds of sewer openings, into 
the canal instead of into the lake. But in times 
of freshet the volume of water poured into the 
river was sufficient to overcome this artificial 
current and send the sewage into the lake. At 
such times the water became unfit for use. It 
became evident that nothing short of an entire 
change in the system of drainage would be ade- 
quate, one that would permanently send the 
Chicago river backward through an artificial 
channel cut to the valley of the Desplaines and 
onward to the Illinois, and which woulfl draw 
a sufficient volume of water from the lake it- 
self to create a current inshore, and so render 
contamination impossible. After a long period 
of agitation, promoted mainly by Hon. Harvey 



B. Hurd, and a few other broad-minded and 
public spirited citizens, a great sanitary dis 
trict was organized, comprising most of the 
City of Chicago and parts of Cook County. 
Commissioners were elected charged with the 
work of cuttingagreat drainage canal from the 
south branch of the Chicago river, across the 
divide to the valley of the Desplaines and from 
there on to Joliet and the Illinois river. Taxes 
were levied, bonds issued, contracts let and the 
work begun for one of the greatest engineering 
works of modern times. The work is now un- 
der contract, and being prosecuted with the 
utmost vigor from the point of beginning at 
Robey street and the Chicago river to Joliet, 
including the controlling works which are to 
control the decent into the basin at Joliet. 
These works will consist of gates or movable 
dams by which the flow of water from the 
main channel into the tail race, which is to de- 
liver the outflow into the Desplaines river, can 
be controlled. 

The river below Lockport follows the trough 
of the valley down a steep declivity into the 
canal basin at Joliet. The fluctuations in Lake 
Michigan, by varying slope of water surface, 
will be felt at the controlling works, and pro- 
vision must be made to meet these fluctuations 
covering a range of thirteen feet. 

Earth was first broken September :!. 1892, 
since which time there has been expended up 
to January 1, 1890, for all purposes. $19,319,- 
(»:'.".. s7. The estimated cost of construction of 
the work, including right of way, is something 
like f28.000.000 to $30,000,000. While this vast 
outlay has reference solely to providing a suit- 
able drainage system for the City of Chicago, 
it is intended to utilize it as a great waterway 
for inland navigation, between Lake Michigan 
and the Mississippi river by way of the Illinois. 
It will be large enough to float the largest ves- 
sels which can navigate the Mississippi from 
St. Louis to New Orleans as soon as the gen- 
eral government shall improve the river by the 
necessary locks and dams between Lockport 
and La Salle. The fall between these two 
points is one hundred and fifty feet. Sooner 
or later the general government must take the 
entire work off the hands of the State of Illi- 
nois and the City of Chicago, and assume con- 
trol, making it a part of the water-ways for in- 
land navigation of the country. Ultimately 
the navigation feature will become its most 
important feature, while yet affording a means 
of drainage for the City of Chicago. There is 
reason to believe that its commercial value 
will exceed that of the Panama or the Suez 
Canals. 

But there is still another advantage which 
is expected to come from this work. The fall 
from Lockport to Joliet will give water-power 
of almost unlimited extent which can be made 
available for manufacturing purposes on the 



POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS. 



29 



ground; and which can be used to generate 
electricity to be conducted to Chicago and used 
tor power, for lighting and for all the purposes 
to which electricity is now applied. 

TRACK ELEVATION. 

There is another public improvement which 
is rapidly assuming large proportions. The 
population of the city has become so great 
and the railroad crossings within the city so 
many as to constitute a serious public danger 
of accidents, whereby life and limb were sacri- 
ficed daily. The number of killed and injured 
at these crossings has run up to thousands 
yearly. And, besides, the delays to travel and 
traffic are so great from these grade crossings 
as to become a public nuisance. It was found 
that the only way to cure, or even lessen, the 
evil, was to elevate the tracks. The Rock 
Island and the Michigan Southern have al- 
ready elevated their tracks for a considerable 
portion of the distance within the city, and the 
work is being carried on to complete it. 
Other roads have already consented to do the 
same thing, and some of them have begun it. 
There is no doubt that, in the near future. 
every steam railroad in the city will have 
raised their tracks sufficient to do away with 
the danger to life and limb, and to give to 
traffic freedom from delay from this cause. 

POLICE. 

The first policeman of Chicago was <>. Mor- 
rison, who was elected "Police Constable" in 
L835, three years after the incorporation of the 
town. After the organization of the city, "Po- 
lice Constables," one from each of the young 
city's six wards, upheld the municipal dignity 
until 1855, when the Police Department was 
created. As now organized, this department is 
under the control of a General Superintendent, 
appointed by the Mayor. The city is divided 
into five precincts, which are again subdivided 
into districts, each precinct, with one exception, 
containing three districts. The first precinct 
contains four districts. The headquarters of 
the department are in the City Hall; each pre- 
cinct (excepting the fifth, recently created) con 
tains a police court, in which there are daily 
sittings, and each district contains a station 
house. The total number of men in this depart- 
ment on January 1. 1896, was :\.2">. The effi- 
ciency of the force is greatly enhanced by the 
now famous police telephone and signal system, 
with the wagon patrol belonging to it. it is 
purely a Chicago invention, though it has been 
adopted in Philadelphia and elsewhere, and 
was put into operation by Mr. Austin J. Doyle. 
former chief of the department, and since Super- 
intendent of tiie Chicago Passenger Railway. 
Tt includes signal boxes al prominent street 
corners, containing telephones and alarm dials 



registering -tire," "thieves," "murder," etc., ami 
connecting with the dist rid station. They have 
each a gas lamp on top, and replace the ordiu 
ary lamp post. In response to a signal call, the 
patrol wagon is promptly dispatched with its 
proper detail to the spot. These patrol wagons, 
containing stretchers, manacles, lanterns. 
blankets, medicine chests and coils of rope, and 
having broad, well cushioned seats along their 
sides, serve equally well as ambulances or 
police vans, and for use at tires. Patrolmen are 
required to report by telephone from the signal 
boxes, at regular intervals during patrol ser- 
vice. The total value of property belonging to 
the department January 1, 1892, was $1,139,208. 
The total number of arrests made and prose- 
cuted during the preceding year was 83,464, on 
the subjects of which tines to the amount of 
$301,555 were imposed. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The Chicago Eire Department owes its effi- 
ciency and thoroughness to the lessons the city 
has learned from terrible experience. 

In 1833, three months after Chicago acquired 
the right to call herself a town, she enacted a 
lire ordinance, requiring that stove pipes be pro- 
tected by sheet iron or tin, six inches from 
wood, where they passed "through the roof, par- 
tition or side of any building," and providing a 
penalty of five dollars for violation of this law. 
Four fire wardens were also appointed, bul 
found no call for their services until a year 
after, when, in the early part of October, 1834, 
four buildings at Lake and La Salle streets were 
burnt down. The Democrat of the next week, 
reporting the fire, said: "A building on the cor- 
ner, occupied as a dwelling, lost $300. There 
was in the house $220 in money; $125, being in 
Jackson money, was found in the ruins. The 
remainder, the rag currency, was destroyed." 
Thus it appears that, even so early as 1834, our 
citizens had discovered some of the advantages 
of "specie payment." In November of the same 
year a tine of five dollars was affixed as the 
penalty to an ordinance against carrying "fire 
brands or coals of fire from one house or build- 
ing to another, unless the same be carried.or con- 
veyed in a covered earthen or fireproof vessel." 
As now organized, the Fire Department is di- 
vided into sixteen battalions, each under a chief 
of battalion, and the entire force under charge 
of a fire marshal. Mr. Denis J. Swenie at pres- 
ent holds this office, and his record in the ser- 
vice dates back to its beginning, in 1858, when 
he was ( 'hief Engineer. The working force con- 
sists of 1,116 men and officers, and the depart 
nienl owned, at the close of 1895, 84 steam tire 
engines, 27 chemical engines, A powerful fire- 
tugs, 2 stand-pipe and water towers, for reach- 
ing lofty buildings; .'"! hook and ladder trucks. 
Kid hose wagons, carls, and carriages; 470 
horses, 2 life-saving guns, 12 life-saving nets. 



30 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



T.oiki feel of ladders, and 28 miles of hose. The 
fire alarm system is very thorough, and includes 
lv.'.m; automatic signal boxes, 2.:;t."> miles of 
wire, and an elaborate network of overhead and 
under-ground telegraph lines. The South Di- 




r.Axn-M. n 



IN'l 



vision contains 3S steamers and 11 hook and 
ladder outfits; the West Division, 30 steamers 
and 10 hook and ladder outfits, and the North 
Division, 13 steamers, and ."> hook and ladder 
outfits. The celerity with which responses are 
made to alarms is astonishing, and it is well 



worth a visit to one of the prominent engine 
houses to see the crew get under way. Steamer 
No. •■'.l! is located at foot of Monroe street, within 
convenient walking distance of all the centrally 
located hotels. 

THE HARUOK 



The Chicago 
river, at the 
time of the first 
occupation of 
the site, was en- 
tirely devoid of 
natural advan- 
tages for har- 
borage, and it 
w o u 1 d h a v e 
saved the city 
much embar- 
rassment h a d 
the diteh never 

been opened to 

admit a sailing 
vessel or steam- 
er. It would be 
a great bless 
ing if this foul 
gutter could be 
converted from 
an open into a 
closed s e w e r. 
but. once made 
a •• navigable 
stream." that 
became impos- 
sible. 

In 1812 the 
soldiers at Fort 
Dearborn cut a 
channel 
through the 
sand bar oppo- 
site the fort, 
and thus made 
the first 
• • i in p r o v e - 
menis" looking 
toward its pres- 
ent greatness 
and disgrace. 

In 1833, the 

scheme for tile 

Illinois & Mich 
igan Canal hav- 
ing beetl pretty 
generally a c - 
cepted, the gov- 
ernment opened 
by appropriating 



APAMS STREET 



its preliminary operations 
$25,000 for rendering the mouth of the Chicago 
river practicable. Accordingly the two piers 
were begun, and carried about 500 feet out into 
the lake, while the spring freshets of 1833 
saved the iteessity of dredging away the bar- 



THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 



31 



The work was* continued intermit tingly until 
1870, when it was decided to extend the original 
plans, and include a commodious exterior har- 
bor. These plans were again finally modified 
in 1878, so that the completed harbor will in- 
clude a sheltered area sixteen feel in depth, 
covering -70 acres, with communicating slips 
along the lake front covering L85 acres, making 
a total of 4.V> acres; this, in addition to the river 
proper, with which the outer harbor communi- 
cates. There is. also, an exterior breakwater, 
one-third of a mile north of the end of the 
north pier, so situated as to protect vessels en- 
tering the mouth of the river. The length of 
this outer breakwater will be 5,4:j(> feet, of 
which 3,136 feet have been completed. The 
north pier, measuring from the outer end of the 
Michigan street slip, is 1,600 feel long, and ex- 
tends 600 feet beyond the easterly breakwater, 
which latter, beginning at the outer end of the 
south pier, extends directly south 4, (Mill feet, 
and is distant :;,:!()ll feet from the present shore 
line south of .Monroe street. A channel 800 feet 
wide intervenes between this and the north end 
of the southerly breakwater. This latter break- 
water continues for a short distance due south, 
then turns at an angle of 30°, and extends in a 
southwesterly direction to within about 1,550 
feet of the present shore line, and 500 feet from 
the dock line. This breakwater is 3,950 feet in 
length. The line of wharves and slips will be 
ended, and the southern end of the harbor com- 
pleted, by the magnificent wharf to be built by 
the Illinois Central Railroad Company at Thir- 
teenth street. Tt will extend to the government 
dock line. There is a lighthouse on the shore 
end. and a beacon light on the lake end of the 
north pier, and a beacon light on the south end 
of the easterly breakwater. The Life Saving 
Station is at the lake end of the northernmost 
railroad wharf, directly adjoining the south pier. 

On the inner harbor, tin- wharting privileges 
occasioned much dispute, until 1833, when they 
were defined, the wharves being sold or leased 
in perpetuity, on payment of their value, and 
an annual rental of one barleycorn. In 1857 
there were but six miles of dock, while at the 
present time there are twelve miles of slips and 
slip basins, and the twenty-nine miles of river 
front are mostly docked. It happens not infre- 
quently that more than a thousand vessels win- 
ter in this harbor. 

THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 

This is an immense stone structure, built in 
the Romanesque style, with Venetian modifica- 
tions, and. with its grounds, covers the square 
bounded by Clark". Jackson. Dearborn and 

Adams streets. The building proper co\'ers a 

ground space of 342x210 feet, not inclusive of 
the elevated lawns which surround it on three 

sides. It is three stories high, with basement 



and attic. The building and site together cost 
the government over f6,000,000, but the work is 
so imperfect that it is condemned, and is being 
removed to make room for a new structure. 

The Post Office. — The old Kinzie house ap- 
pears to have served, among its multifarious 
and successive uses, as Chicago's first Pos1 Of 
lice. Anyway, when, in 1831, this city was 
given a place among the postal towns, Jona- 
than N. Bailey was appointed Postmaster, and. 
as there is no record of any special office being 
secured, it is probable that the mails were dis- 
tributed from the new official's residence, the 
old Kinzie house. At this time Niles, -Mich., 
was the nearest distributing office, and from 
that place the mails came fortnightly by horse- 
back to Chicago. I Jut by 1833 the horseback 
mail service from Niles had doubled in fre- 
quency, while the office had risen to the dignity 
of occupying half a log cabin. LM).\1."> feci in ex- 
tent, near the corner of Lake and South Water 
streets, the portion on the opposite side of the 
official partition being occupied as a store by 
Brewster, Sogan & <'<>.. the second member of 
which firm — John S. C. Sogan — was then Post- 
master. From this date until 1860, when the 
Governmenl Building was completed, seven or 
more different removes were made to accom- 
modate the growing business of the office. This 
first Federal building stood on the northwest 
corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, and was 
burnt out in the fire of 1871, the mails, however, 
having been saved. The building was after- 
ward repaired, and became the new Adelphi, 
afterward Haverly's Theatre, until 1881, when 
it was torn down, and replaced by the First 
National Hank building. 

After the fire, the Tost office occupied suc- 
cessively, Burlington Hall, corner of Sixteenth 
and State streets, and the Wabash Avenue 
Methodist Church building, northwest corner of 
Wabash avenue and Harrison street, until that 
building was destroyed in the conflagration of 
1X74. After this, it was located in turn at 
Washington and Halsted streets (now the West 
Division sub-office); in the Honore building, 
northwesl corner Dearborn and Adams streets. 
where it was again burnt out. the basement of 
the Singer building mow Marshall Field & Co.'s 
retail store), corner of State and Washington 
streets; in the Governmenl Building, south 
east cornel- of Clark and Adams streets, and at 
present in temporary quarters on Michigan 
avenue, between Madison and Randolph 

The development of the business done by this 
office has been little short of phenomenal. In 
1871, forty years after its establishment with a 
fortnightly horseback mail, it had become the 
second in importance under the government. 
Chicago is the postal distributing cent re of one- 
seventeenth of the inhabitants of the United 
States. It is the postal centre, territorially con- 
sidered, of one-fifth of this country. It is the 











wm 





LINCOLN MONUMENT, LINCOLN PARK. 



THE UNITED STATES MAIL. 



33 



distributing centre of nearly 5,000,000 people, 
and the great proportion of its business is of 
that character. It contributes one-fifteenth of 
the postal revenue of the United Slates. Its 
net profit is second to that of New York, while 
its percentage of profit is not equaled by any of 
the large cities of the country. Us total re- 
ceipts are about $5,000,000 a year, showing an 
increase of 235 per cent, within the last ten 
years. It contributes to the government as 
much as do the cities of St. Louis, Cincinnati. 
San Francisco. Brooklyn, and Pittsburg to- 
gether. The allowance for clerk hire at the 
Chicago l'ost Office is more than that of all the 
Post Offices in the States of Alabama, Arkan- 
sas. California, Colorado, Connecticut. Dela- 
ware, Florida. Georgia, Idaho. Kansas, South 
Carolina. Utah and Washington. 

Chicago as a post office is. territorially con- 
sidered, with its 187 square miles, the largest in 
the world. < >ne hundred and twenty-five square 
miles are served by carriers, of whom there are 
1,092 in number. There are now made in the 
city 3,500 deliveries a day. and about 1,100 col 
lections, and the wagon collectors cover in the 
neighborhood of 3,800 miles a day. traveling 
miles enough to encircle the world once a week. 
The number of persons employed in theCmcagO 
Post Office is about 2,000. and the number of 
persons paid by the Postmaster of Chicago is 
about 3,100, which includes the clerks of the 
railway mail service who radiate from Chicago. 
The amount of money handled by the money 
older division of the Chicago Post Office this 
year will be. in round figures, f30,000,000, or 
spill. Olio a day. The money order business of 
Chicago is forty times as large as that of Brook- 
lyn. The postal receipts of tins office this year 
will be $5,000,000; the percentage of expense to 
receipts will lie about ~>~> per cent, in Chicago. 
considering its enormous mileage (nearly 4. (>()<> 
miles of which is covered by free delivery. This 
is a remarkable showing. Last year there were 
handled 700,000,000 pieces of mail matter. 
There are in the service 106 wagon collectors, 
who have 156 horses. 

There are in Chicago ninety-two places where 
money orders can be purchased and mail matte!' 
registered, and 190 places where stamps are 
sold. There are handled on an average in Ibis 
city 2,000,000 pieces of mail matter daily. 
There are collected on an average daily, 700,000 
pieces of first-class mail matter, meaning let- 
ters, of which about ."on. (inn are for delivery out 
side the city, and about 200,000 for delivery 
within the city. In addition thereto there are 
letters and newspapers (local and otherwise. 
pieces of mail matter delivered by carriers! 
enough to make the grand total of 1,000,000 
pieces handled by the carriers. Nearly 40,000,- 
niKi pounds of second-class mail matter were 
handled at the Chicago Post Office lasl year. 
This amount is enormously large, and when re- 



duced to figures can be estimated at 100.000,000 
newspapers, or 500,000 a day. 

The number of third and fourth-class pieces, 
such as catalogues, books, and merchandise, 
amounted to more than 12.000,000. thus mak- 
ing a total of bulky matter, on the average, of 
more than 1,000,000 a month. 

The honor of devising distribution cars and 
perfecting the railway mail service is usually 
given to Col. George B. Armstrong, Assistant 
Postmaster of the Chicago office in 1864. He- 
was made the first Superintendent of that 
branch of the service as soon as it was organ- 
ized, and died on May 5, 1871. There is a bust 
of him standing on the government grounds, at 
the corner of Clark and Adams streets. 

The Custom House. — Prior to 1840. the 
port of Chicago was a tributary of the Detroit 
district, but on July Hit ii of that year it was 
made, by Act of Congress, a port of entry, and 
on August 10th William 1!. Snowhook, pre- 
viously special surveyor, was appointed Collec- 
tor of the Port. The Custom House was then 
located at 3 Clark street. In 1852 it was re- 
moved to 129 South Water street, again re- 
moved, in 1850, to 13 La Salle street, where it 
remained until 1800, when it was transferred 
to the new government building, at the coiner 
of Dearborn and Monroe streets. After the fire, 
temporary quarters were occupied during seven 
months, in Congress Hall Hotel, at the corner of 
Michigan avenue and Congress street. These 
quarters proving inadequate a change was made 
to the Republic Life Insurance building, where 
the department remained until 1885, when a 
transfer was made to the now abandoned gov- 
ernment building, and is at present temporarily 
at the corner of Harrison street and Pacific ave- 
nue. 

The following shows the business transacted 
in the Inspector's Division of the Custom House 
during 1895: There were weighed 29,617,861 
His. of tin-plate: 4,966,877 lbs. of soda: 3,102,959 
lbs. of tobacco; 36,678,232 lbs. of miscellaneous 
matter, making a total of 74,365,929 lbs. There 
were gauged 315,046 gallons of spirits, and 6,238 
packages stamped. There were 2,517,379 cigars 
received, and 00,747 boxes stamped. The num- 
ber of vessels measured was 20, number dis- 
charged, 303; cars transferred. 469; cars dis- 
charged, 7.702: cars inspected, 2,340; consign 
ments, 8,889. There were 929,194 packages de 
livered to consignee, 26,145 to appraiser, ami 
334,153 lo warehouse. 

The growth of the department is shown by 
the following figures: 

Exports, 1836, $1,000.64; imports, $325, 
203.90; 1s-"7. exports, $1,585,096; imports from 
Canada. $326,325; duties collected on all impor- 
tations, $143,009.23; while, by 1871, the eab f 

imports had reached $3,989,860, on which there 
were collected $1,985,370.10. During the same 
year there arrived 12,320 vessels, with 3,096,101 



34 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



tonnage, and cleared 12,312 vessels, of 3,082,235 

tonnage. By 1891 the value of imports had 
risen to $16,828,394, paying in duties $5,920,- 
Ili0.(l2. The number of vessels owned in Chi- 
cago at the close of the same year was 300. with 
a total tonnage of 72,600. This port registers 
more entries and clearances than any other in 
the country. 

MILITARY. 

Major-General Wesley Merritt, who, on the 
transfer of Major-General Nelson A. Miles, as- 
sumed command of the Department of the Mis- 
souri, U. S. A., has his headquarters on the 
fourth floor of the Pullman building, corner 
Michigan avenue and Adams street. 

The new Post at Fort Sheridan, twenty-four 
and one-half miles north of the city, on the Chi- 
cago & North-Western Railway, and overlook- 
ing the lake, quarters ten companies of the reg- 
ular United States army. 

The First Brigade of the Illinois National 
Guard has its headquarters in Chicago. This 
Brigade comprises the First Regiment of In- 
fantry, with a granite armory at Sixteenth 
street and Michigan avenue; the Second Regi- 
ment of Infantry, occupying a splendid brick ar- 
mory at the corner of Washington boulevard 
and Curtis street; the Third Regiment of In- 
fantry, the Fourth Regiment of Infantry, the 
First Regiment of Cavalry, occupying a stone 
armory on Michigan avenue, north of Monroe 
street; Battery C and Battery D, whose stone 
armory is at the corner of Michigan avenue and 
Monroe street, adjoining that of the First Cav- 
alry. The Brigade headquarters are in the 
Pullman building, corner Michigan avenue and 
Adams street. This Brigade numbers about 
2.500 men. 1,500 of whom are residents of Chi- 
cago. Beside these, there are in the city several 
detached military companies, all liable to State 
service. 

CRIMINAL COURT AND COUNTY JAIL. 

These departments of justice occupy three 
buildings, covering about two-thirds of the 
square bounded by Michigan street, Dearborn 
avenue, Illinois and (Mark streets. The crimi- 
nal court building has a frontage of 140 feet on 
Dearborn avenue, and 05 feet on Michigan 
street. This building is of limestone. The 
countv court sessions begin on the first Mon- 



day of each month. The jail, on Illinois street. 
is of brick, and contains 198 cells, of which 130 
are for male, 48 for female, and 10 for juvenile 
offenders. The buildings cost #375,000. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 

Trade, as well as society, has grown luxuri- 
ous in its tastes during these latter days. 
Time was when the great financiers, at the 
helms of important mercantile enterprises, 
were contented with the meanest of quarters, 
on the theory that the beauty of the oyster 
has nothing to do with the value of the pearl. 
But tempora mutantur, et nos mutamus in 
il lis (times change, and we change in them), 
the merchant prince now prefers to occupy a 
mercantile palace, and the great generals of 
finance want something more than shabby 
tents for their departmental headquarters. 
Therefore it is that Chicago, being the most 
modern of all the four great commercial centers 
of America, more than any of her sister cities 
reflects this modern idea, and has to show such 
a great number of handsome and imposing 
blocks and buildings devoted to purely com- 
mercial uses. If there is a typical American 
city, it is this. America's youngest daughter; 
and, if there be such a thing as American 
architecture, it is to be seen in the buildings 
of Chicago. Their materials are brought from 
every field, and their designs from every 
source. As the bulk of Chicago's business is 
done within the two square miles bounded on 
the east by the lake, on the south by Twelfth 
street, on the west by Halsted street, and on 
the north by the river, the blocks and build- 
ings here described are nearly all within easy 
walking distance of the City Hall, or any of 
the hotels. 

The foregoing gives a tolerably fair idea of 
the official organization and governmental de- 
partments of the city. Closely connected with 
them are the courts and those who are entrust- 
ed with the administration of the law. And, 
inasmuch as a city depends, not so much on 
its great buildings and improvements, as upon 
the men who maintain its activities, we here- 
by present the portraits and biographical 
sketches of some of Chicago's representative 
men who are intimately connected with its of- 
ficial and administrative functions, the law- 
yers. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



HON. ABNER SMI ITU. 

The position of judge on the bench, when 
clothed with its true purity and strength, 
ranks tirst among the callings of men. Law 
is the voice of God and the harmony of the 
world; and its administration should be by con- 
scientious men who are calm in t li«- strength 
of flawless 
red i t u d e. 
Judge Aimer 
Smith, w h 
w a s elected 

to the Circuit 
Court bench 
in November, 
1893, has evi- 
denced the 
possession of 
qualities and 
abilities 
which place 
him in the 
rank of such 
judges. He 
has served 
with great 
satisfaction in 
The law. chan- 
cery and crim- 
inal courts, 
and has won 
the esteem 
and high 
[iraise of the 
bar, on ac- 
count of his 
legal ability, 
judicial tem- 
perament and 
fairness. His 
work, say 
the lawyers, 
is performed 
with the ut- 
most sincer- 
ity, never slurred over or hastened as a lawyer 
or judge; and into it, he puts the best of him- 
self — his best thoughts, his acute observation, 
his close knowledge of law and of human 
nature. As a judge, his acts are strong and full 
of breadth, accuracy and force. Since juris 
prudence is the foundation of the com 
monwealth, and indispensable to its growth. 







t 


^!J 


wfc y - 










^^ 






• 1 r Jr?' ' 1 


H 



HON. ABNER SMITH. 



prosperity and advance, it is well that such 
judges represent and enforce it. 

In sound judgment, in patient industry, in 
(dear conception of the spirit and scope of ju- 
risprudence and intuitive perception of right, 
Judge Smith already ranks high in the esti- 
mation of bench, bar and public. 

Aimer Smith was born at Orange, Franklin 

County, Mas- 
s a ch u setts, 
August 4, 
L843. Hispar- 
e n t s w e r e 
II u m p h rey 
and Sophro- 
nia (Ward) 
Smith, w h o 
moved to Mid- 
dlebury. Ver- 
mont, to edu- 
cate a large 
family. Abner 
w a s gradu- 
ated from 
Middle- 
burv College, 
in 1866, after 
which h e 
t a u g h t in 
Newton 
A c a d e m y, 
Shoreh am, 
Vt. He came 
to Chicago in 
lstiT and en- 
tered the law 
office of J. L. 
Stark. a 
prom inent 
lawyer; stud- 
ied law, was 
admitted to 
the bar in 
1868, and en- 
tered into 
partner- 
ship with Mr. Stark. When the latter died in 
1873, he succeeded to the business of the firm. 
He has been in active practice since; has 
devoted himself to his profession; and has 
been rewarded by a most satisfactory success 
in all respects. He has won a competence, not 
one dollar of which was ever rusted with tears. 
or stained with blood. He has merited and 



35 



36 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



won the esteem of his fellow-citizens because 
of his uprightness in business and his straight 
forward conduct. For several years after the 
dissolution of the firm of Stark & Smith, by 
The death of Mr. Stark, he practiced alone. 
In 1877, he formed a partnership with Mr. J. 
M. H. Burgett, under the name of Smith and 
Burgett, which continued until 1887. His an 
cestrj, on the paternal and maternal side, are 
among the oldest and most substantial fami- 
lies in Massachusetts, the latter, the Ward 
family, known in the annals of the Revolution, 
before and since, in public positions of trust 
and honor in legislature and the judiciary. Ab- 
ner Smith's legal acumen and ability were in- 
herited and have been multiplied by his own 
attainments. As a lawyer he engaged in a 
high order of litigation and with a marked de- 
gree (if success. His upcome has been grad- 
ual, permanent and sure. So far as a judge 
goes, he has met the expectations and sanguine 
prediction of his friends. In 1869 he married 
Ada ('., daughter of Sereno Smith, of Shore- 
ham, Vt.: and resides at No. 15 Aldine Square. 

GEORGE EVERETT ADAMS. 

George Everett Adams was born June 18, 1840, in 
Keene, New Hampshire. He is a descendant, in di- 
rect line, from the original Adams family, which set- 
tled at Cambridge, Mass., in 162S. His father, Benja- 
min F. Adams, came to Chicago in 1835 and made 
some investments; but did not remove here with his 




GEORGE EVERETT ADAMS. 

family until 1S53. Young George received the first 
rudiments of his education in the common schools 
of his native town and afterward at Phillips Exeter 
Academy and Harvard College, where he graduated in 
the class of I860. He also graduated from the Dane 
Law School in 1S65. For a short time he was a mem- 



ber of Battery A, Illinois Artillery, in the early part 
of the war, since which he has devoted his energies to 
the practice of the law when not serving in official 
stations. Mr. Adams was elected to the Illinois State 
Senate in 1SS0. In 1882 he was elected to Congress 
and re-elected in 1884, 1886 and 1888, where he served 
with distinction on the committee on banking and 
currency, and on the committee on judiciary. He is 
now a member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard 
College, a trustee of the Newberry Library, a trustee 
of the Field Columbian Museum and a member of the 
Chicago Board of Education. 

CHARLES H. ALDRICH. 

Charles H. Aldrich was born August 26, 1850, in La 
Grange County, Indiana, and is a graduate of the 
University of Michigan. He began the practice of 
the law at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1876. He removed 
to Chicago in 1886. and soon took high rank at the 




CHAS. H. ALDRICH. 

bar. He is connected with much of the most import- 
ant litigation pending in the State and United States 
courts in Chicago; and is often engaged in contest 
in other jurisdictions. He served as Solicitor General 
of the United States during the latter part of Harri- 
son's administration and the first part of Cleveland's 
second administration. He was married October 13, 
1875, to Miss Helen Roberts, a beautiful and ac- 
complished woman, to whom he attributes such suc- 
cess as has come to him. They have three children — 
one son and two daughters — and reside at Evanston, 
Illinois. 

EDGAR A. BANCROFT. 

Edgar A. Bancroft, though a resident of Chicago 
for but little over four years, is already one of its 
best-known and popular lawyers. He is the general 
solicitor of the Chicago & Western Indiana and "The 
Belt Line" railroads. For three years he was the so- 
licitor for Illinois of the A.. T. & S. F. R. R. Company; 
and as such he had a prominent part in the contempt 
proceeding in the United Slates courts, growing out of 
the Chicago strike of 1894. 

Mr. Bancroft graduated from Knox College in 1S7S. 
after winning first honors in the interstate oratorical 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



37 



contest. In 1SS0 he received the degree of LL. B. from 
the law school of Columbia College. New York. His 
career as a lawyer began at Galesburg, and his ad- 




EDGAR A. BANCROFT. 

vancemcnt in his profession has been constant. He 
is a member of the Union League, the Chicago Liter- 
ary, the Caxton, the Marquette and the Law Clubs. 

WILLIAM H. BARNUM. 

William H. Barnum was born in Onondaga County. 
New York, February 15. 1840. His parents removed to 



/* 




f 


A 




\ 


^ ^fct 


PI 




^ r ~y 






M*~ 




^te^fe 




^^6 SB _^ 





WILLIAM II. BAIIM'M. 

Belleville, St. Clair County, Illinois, when he was 
about two years of age. As he grew up. he attended 
private schools; and, at sixteen, entered the State 



normal school at Ypsilanti, Michigan, where he spent 
two and one-half years. He then began teaching at 
his home, at Belleville, in order to earn the money to 
continue his studies. He entered the sophomore class 
of the University of Michigan in the fall of 185S, and. 
although compelled to relinquish his studies there 
during the junior year, he has since been accorded the 
honorary degree of Master of Arts by that institution. 
On leaving college he resumed teaching at Belleville, 
at the same time continuing his classical, literary and 
historical studies under competent instructors. 

In I860 Judge Barnum began the study of the law 
under Hon. George Trumbull, a brother of Ex-Senator 
Lyman Trumbull. He was admitted to practice in 
1862, and began at Chester, Randolph County, Illinois. 
In 1S67 he removed to Chicago and formed a partner- 
ship with Lawrence J. J. Nissen; and continued in 
the active practice of the law under various connec- 
tions until 1879, when he was elected to the bench. 
For six years he filled the judicial office with satisfac- 
tion to the bar and honor to himself, when he resigned 
and resumed the practice of his profession. 

Judge Barnum, while practicing at the bar has prob- 
ably figured as extensively in the celebrated cases of 
his time as any lawyer in Chicago, his name being 
prominently associated with the legal history of the 
country. 

LEWIS H. BISBEE. 

The subject of this sketch was born in Derby. Or- 
leans County. Vermont, March 28, 1839. He was 
brought up on a farm; and at sixteen began an 




LEWIS II. DISBEE. 

academic course of study, afterward entering St. Hy- 
acinth College, Montreal. Here he acquired among 
Other things, a thorough knowledge of French; when 
he returned to Derby and began the study of the law. 
supporting himself in the meantime by teaching 
French. He was admitted to the bar in 1862. but 
soon enlisted for service in the war. being made cap- 
tain of Company H. 9th Vermont Infantry. He re- 
signed in 1SG3 by reason of ill health, and returned to 
the practice of the law. In 1866 he was elected state's 
attorney of Orleans County and re-elected in 1867, bul 
resigned to become collector Of customs at Newport 
In 1869 he was elected to the House of Represent a 
Of Vermont, and again in 1870. During the same time 



38 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



he served as commissioner for Vermont under the ex- 
tradition treaty with Canada. Mr. Bisbee now sought 
a wider field for his activities and so removed to 
Chicago and there again began the practice of the 
law. In 1S75 he attacked the validity of the blanket 
mortgage which B. F. Allen, of Des Moines. Iowa, 
had placed upon his real estate before his failure, and 
succeeded in having it set aside. Since then he has 
been connected with other celebrated cases. Mrs. 
Hetty Green, said to be the richest woman in the 
world, is one of his clients. 

Mr. Bisbee is the author of "The Law of Produce 
Exchange," which is standard on the law governing 
stock and grain exchanges. He is a Republican and 
has taken a prominent part in many Republican cam- 
paigns. In 1878 he was elected to the Illinois Legis- 
lature, receiving almost the unanimous vote of his 
district. He took an active part in the annexation 
of Hyde Park to Chicago, being one of the originators 
of the scheme. He was married in 1864 to Miss Jane 
E. Hinman, of Vermont. They have two children. 



1869, when he became a professor in that institution, 
at the same time studying law. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1870, and came to Chicago to practice his 
profession in 1874. 

In 1891 Mr. Miller was appointed corporation coun- 
sel by Mayor Washburne, and during two arduous 
years of labor won, amongst other victories, a recog- 
nition of the city's right to compel railroads to elevate 
their tracks. Mr. Miller also argued and won the cel- 
ebrated "Lake Front case," involving the right of the 
Illinois Central Railroad to occupy the Lake front. 

Mr. Miller is now a member of the eminent firm of 
Peck, Miller & Starr, and it need scarcely be insisted 
upon, as amongst the leaders of the Chicago bar. Mr. 
Miller married in 1887, and is the father of two chil- 
dren, has a large circle of friends, and is a member of 
the Chicago, Union League University and other 
clubs. 



CLAYTON EDWARD CRAFTS. 



LESTER L. BOND. 

Lester L. Bond was born at Ravenna, Ohio, in 1829. 
He received his early training in the public schools 
and later attended school in the winter and worked in 
a machine shop during the summer. He began tho 
study of law in the office of F. W. Tappan, completing 
it under Beirce and Jeffries. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1853. He removed to Chicago in 1854 and be- 



Mr. Clayton E. Crafts was born July 8, 1848, at Au- 
burn, Ohio. His earlier years were spent on his 
father's farm and attending the common schools. In 







Mi 1 




'* **£ 




v ' 




^^/K\ ^v^ 






'" 



LESTER L. BOND. 

gan his practice, in the prosecution of which he 
gradually dropped common law and devoted all his 
energies to patent law, on which he has come to be 
a recognized authority — one of the most eminent in 
the northwest. Mr. Bond has served two terms in the 
Illinois Legislature and several in the Chicago City 
Council, where he has made a most enviable record. 
He is a member of many of the powerful Chicago clubs 
and a Mason of high degree. 

JOHN S. MILLER. 

John S. Miller was born at Louisville. N. Y.. in 
1847. He graduated at the St. Lawrence University in 




CLAYTON E. CRAFTS. 

1864 he entered Hiram College. At twenty he gradu- 
ated from the Ohio State and Union Law College, at 
Cleveland, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar. Short- 
ly after he entered the law office of Judge John J. 
Van Allen, at Watkins, New York, remaining there 
until 1869, when he came to Chicago and began the 
practice of his profession. In 1882 he was elected to 
the Illinois House of Representatives; and has since 
served continuously. He was elected speaker of the 
House of Representatives for two successive terms, 
those of 1891 and 1893. He is a recognized leader in 
the Democratic party; and senior member of the law 
firm of Crafts and Stevens, making a specialty of real 
estate and corporation law. Mr. Stevens is master 
in chancery for the Superior Court of Cook County 
and one of the foremost lawyers at the bar. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



29 



GEORGE W. BROWN. 

George W. Brown, County Judge of Du Page Coun- 
ty, Illinois, and one of the foremost men at the bar 
in the West, was born at Winfield Township, Du 
Page County. May 17. 1S59. He received his early 
training in the common schools of his county, from 
which he passed to the high school at Wheaton, final- 
ly graduating at the Northwestern College at Naper- 
ville. From here he entered the Union College of 
Law of Chicago, taking the full course. In the mean- 
while he read law with Hoyne. Horton and Hoyne. 
of Chicago, and was admitted to the bar at Wheaton 
in 18S3. He then entered upon the practice cf his 
profession at Wheaton, taking a lively interest in 
all public mat 
t e r s affectin 
the people of 
Northern Illi- 
nois. In the 
meantime h i s 
practice rapidly 
increased, to- 
gether with his 
popularity 
among the peo- 
ple. In 1890 he 
was elected 
County Judge of 
Du Page Coun- 
ty, and in 1894 
was re-elected 
by an over- 
whelming m a - 
jority, being 
practically the 
nominee of both 
political parties, 
it is needless to 
say that the ad- 
ministration of 
his office has 
met with the 
hearty approval 
of the people. 
That is suffi- 
ciently indicat- 
ed by the unan- 
imity of his re- 
election. 

Judge Brown 
is nearly, if not 
quite, as much 
appreciated i n 
Chicago as he is 
in his own coun- 
ty. He is often 
assigned to duty 
on the bench of 
this county on 
the trial of im- 
portant cases, 
where he has 
given uniform 
satisfaction both to lawyers and litigants. 

Judge Brown has opened an office in Chicago in 
connection with Mr. J. F. Snyder, who is also a resi- 
dent of Wheaton, under the firm name of Brown and 
Snyder. The practice of the firm ranks along with 
the largest and most important in the city. Judge 
Brown was special attorney for the Northwestern 
and Metropolitan Elevated Railroad Companies in 
most oi their condemnation suits while building and 
extending their systems. He is a safe and cautious 
counsellor; a clear and logical reasoner: a fluent 
speaker; and before a jury a powerful and effective 
advocate. He takes an active interest in the des- 
tinies of the Republican party, and wields a powerful 




GEORGE W. BROWN. 



influence throughout the whole of the northern part 
of the state. 

Judge Brown is a Mason, a Knight Templar of 
Bethel Commandery, Elgin, Illinois; a "Shriner," of 
Medina Temple, Chicago; a member of the Odd Fel- 
lows, the National Union, Modern Woodmen, Knights 
of Pythias and other societies. He is a man of mod- 
erate means and in the prime of life. Whatever he 
has and whatever he is has come from his own un- 
aided exertions; and it is fair to expect that the same 
qualities of diligence and steadfast uprightness that 
have characterized him in the past will carry him to 
still greater fame and fortune in the future. Men do 
not stop growing in the middle of their careers. 
Judge Brown has still the best portion of his life 

before him and 
h e confidently 
looks forward to 
a long life of 
usefulness and 
honor. 



HON. LYS- 
ANDER HILL. 

Lysander Hill 
was born in 
Union, Lincoln 
County, Maine, 
July 4, 1834, tbe 
son of Isaac and 
Eliza M. (Hall) 
Hill, tracing his 
ancestry to the 
earliest settlers 
o f Massachu- 
setts. After 
passing through 
the common 
schools, he stud- 
ied at Warren 
Academy, and 
entered Bow- 
doin College in 
1854 and grad- 
uated therefrom 
in 1858. Choos- 
ing the law as 
h i s profession, 
he entered the 
law office of A. 
P. Gould, at 
Thomaston, 
Maine, and was 
admitted to the 
bar in 1860. He 
began practicing 
a t once i n 
Thomaston, 
forming a part- 
nership with J. 
P. Cilley. under 
the firm name 
of Cilley & Hill. This partnership was dissolved in 
1862 when Mr. Hill entered the Union army as captain 
in the Twentieth Maine Infantry. In 1863, on account 
of physical disability, Mr. Hill received his discharge 
from the army. 

He resumed the practice of law at Alexandria. Vir- 
ginia, and Washington, D. C, under the style of Hill 
& Tucker. 

He was Register in Bankruptcy of the Eighth Judi- 
cial District of Virginia from 1867 to 1869, when he 
was appointed judge of the district to fill an unex- 
pired term. 

In 1874 Judge Hill removed to Washington. D. C, 
and in May, 1881, removed to Chicago. 



40 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



Judge Hill was married in February, 1S64, to Ade- 
laide R. Cole, of Roxbury, Massachusetts. This union 
has been blessed with three children. 

In politics, Judge Hill is a Republican. Judge Hill 
takes rank as one ot the ablest patent attorneys in 
the entire country. He is a gentleman of pleasing ad- 
dress and enjoys the esteem of a large circle of friends. 

EDWARD S. ELLIOTT. 

Edward S. Elliott, though less than thirty-five years 
of age, has already achieved a record that would be 
creditable to an older man. As a young man he edu- 
cated himself, taught school and entered the Univer- 
sity of West Virginia, from which he graduated with 
the highest honors: and was for two years assistant 
professor of ancient languages in that institution. 
Then, graduating from its law school, he took post- 
graduate law courses at the University of Virginia and 
at Columbia College. Xew York, and began law prac- 
tice in New York City. Subsequently returning to Wes 



large practice, making a specialty of patent law. in 
which department he is an authority of national 




Virginia, he took high rank in his profession. An earn- 
est Republican in politics, he stumped the state for the 
Republican ticket and made a reputation as a power- 
ful public speaker. He was appointed assistant 
United States District Attorney by President Harri- 
son, which position he filled with distinguished ability 
for four years, when he removed to Chicago, Mr. El- 
liott is a member of the Chicago Bar Association and 
of the Union League and Hamilton Clubs. 

NELSON COWLES GRIDLEY. 

At the age of eighteen Mr. Gridley began the studv 
of law in the office of Kent and Davies. of New York, 
in which city he was born in 1829. When twentv 
years of age he was appointed Deputy Clerk of the 
Supreme Court of the city and County of New York, 
and filled the position for two years. During the last 
year he was admitted to the bar. He began the ac- 
tive practice of his profession in conjunction with 
Cyrus Lawton. and later in partnership with J. G. 
Lamberson. In 1854 he went to San Francisco and 
practiced there until 1S56. in which year he moved to 
Milwaukee, and finally, in 1870, came to Chicago. 
Since living in Chicago. Mr. Gridley has built up a 




NELSON C. GRIDLEY. 

reputation. Mr. Gridley's home is in Evanston, in the 
advancement of which place he has taken a great in- 
terest. 

GEORGE W. KRETZINGER. 

George W. Kretzinger has been in the successful 
practice of law in Chicago for more than twenty 
years. His knowledge of legal matters is unusually 




GEORGE W. KRETZINGER. 



wide, but he is especially learned in corporation law 
in which branch of his profession his success has been 
most marked. As an advocate Mr. Kretzinger is pow- 
erful and eloquent. Among other important positions, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



41 



Mr. Kretzinger has for some time been general coun- 
sel of the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad 
Company. Mr. Kretzinger's determination of charac- 
ter was early evidenced by his entering the army at 
the age of fitteeu. He served during the entire war. 
and. youthful as he was. was noted for his courage 
and capacity. In social circles Mr. Kretzinger is much 
esteemed, arid his manly qualities have won him 
many friends. 

WILLIAM SIDNEY ELLIOTT. JR. 

William Sidney Elliott. Jr., son of William Sidney 
and Caroline (Morse) Elliott, was born at Niles, Mich- 
igan, May 1. 1S49. and is a lineal descendant of John 
Eliot, the noted 
Indian apostle. 
His early edu- 
cation was ac- 
quired in the 
public schools of 
Quincy, Illinois. 
After leaving 
school he en- 
tered the bank- 
ing house of L. 
& C. H. Bull, of 
Quincy. where 
he remained for 
four years. Com- 
ing to Chicago 
in March. 1869, 
he obtained a 
position with 
the old State In- 
surance Com- 
pany of Chica- 
go, with which 
he remained for 
one year, leav- 
ing it in 1870 to 
enter the insur- 
ance brokerage 
business in 
which he worked 
up one of the 
best paying pat- 
ronages of the 
great Chicago 
fire period. In 
1879 he began 
the study of law 
in the office of 
Emery A.Storrs, 
with whom he 
formed a part- 
nership after 
his admission to 
the bar in 1882, 
which ended in 
1887. when he 
was appointed 
assistant state's 
attorney of Cook 




"Il.I.IAM 



County under Judge Longenecker, with whom he re- 
mained five years, during which time he prosecuted 
and secured the conviction of many noted criminals, 
among them being George Painter, executed for the 
murder cf his mistress. Alice Martin: George Hath- 
way, the slayer of Alderman Whalen. sentenced to 
life imprisonment afterwards sent, on his plea of 
guilty, to three years in penitentiary: John Conly, 
sentenced by jury for life upon purely circumstantial 
evidence: the murderers of Officer Adam Frier — Mortel 
and McGrath — sentenced to Joliet for life, afterwards 
given a new trial and acquitted; John Dennison. mur- 
derer of John Dillon, while attempting burglary: 
Meckie Rauson, for shooting Lawyer Whitney: Math- 



ies Bush, for the most brutal murder of his wife, pen- 
alty life imprisonment: Augest Helzke, who whipped 
his son to death with a strap, sentence life impris- 
onment, which was commuted from the death pen- 
alty which had been imposed by the jury; Anarchist 
Hronek. charged with conspiracy to assassinate 
Judges Gary and Grinnell with dynamite or knife, 
twelve years in Joliet; Edward A. Trask, who had for 
years defied the law by countless crimes, was sen- 
tenced to eighteen years in Joliet, where he has since 
died; James Briscoe, convicted of murderous assault 
on Edwin Walker, thirty years in penitentiary; John 
Redmond, the father of the abducted Annie Red- 
mond, who. through jealousy, killed Dr. Wilder, given 
a life sentence in prison. Mr. Elliott has been one 

of the most sue 
cessful of de- 
fenders. In two 
cases the death 
penalty was im- 
posed, those of 
Borvelle andNic 
Marzen. A mo- 
tion is now 
pending in the 
Supreme Court 
in the former 
for a new trial; 
in the Marzen 
case Mr. Elliott 
has secured a 
reprieve from 
Governor Alt- 
geld until next 
January. and 
will. in that 
time, have an 
opportunity t o 
present new evi- 
dence that it is 
hoped will clear 
his client of the 
charge. Mr. El- 
liott participat- 
ed in the effort 
for a stay of 
execution in the 
case of Pender- 
grast, who slew 
Carter H. Harri- 
son; and to his 
services must be 
partly ascribed 
the success of 
those endeavors 
resulting in a 
postponement of 
the execution 
pending a trial 
of the question 
of the insanity 
of Pendergrast, 
which excited so 
much comment 
time, many hav- 



ELLIOTT. Jr. 



among the legal fraternity at the 
iug contended that the time for his legal execution 
having passed he was dead in the eyes of the law and 
could not thereafter be executed, which Mr. Elliott 
denied, being fully sustained in his position by the 
execution of Prendergast after the question of his 
sanity had been passed upon. At the conclusion of 
Mr. Elliott's plea to the court for a stay of execution, 
which was granted by Judge Chetlain. Mr. James S. 
Harlan, son of Justice Harlan of the Supreme Coun 
of the United States, and whom Mr. Elliott was as- 
sisting in securing the said stay of execution, passed 
to Mr. Elliott a note containing the following memo- 
randa in pencil, of the date of March 22, 1S94, which 






\ KP CHU 



- - 



v 1 1 Liavvln -• 

ution. and aft*r all 
will 



- 



- 



- - 
-- 



- 
- 

- 

- • 

-r i= his S«nj- 1» 

as »«41 a* 

- 
s 

K = F**w»e* aai 

- 
- ■ 

. -. - - - .-> - - 

I hmmhOm hi tola s Aa Ms 



- 











'-•-^ .'- 




. ^ 


- 


- 




- 


- 




g 




- 


- 






\ 


• 








- 










3 j 


- 


















- ? 


- 








- 




















- 






- 










- 
- 

* ■ art 
MriM 



In Janus 



Mr L<?awins . 




:iis fc* has be<e« M. > . : ih* 

n. : .T. 

U aa earty ags h* »*s 




- 
- 



BIOGRAPHICAL BKE1 CHBS. 



1.: 



law course, i i « ■ ^ i u< i i < •< i for two years with Spafford 
mi and Wlli on, and was admitted to i be bar 
Ity the Supreme Court at Ottawa In September, 1874 
He then formed a partnership with Mr. McDald, one 
ol in:- old Instructors, under the name ol McDald & 
Knight. He v..' appointed, In 1879, k I tant 
Attorne} under Julius s Qrinnell, whom be sue 
eeeded a Cltj Attorney In 1884; and In 1888 be waa 
appointed Assistant Corporation Counsel by Mayor 
Roche. This position be held until 1889, when be 
resigned to engage In private practice. Durln 

ears' connection with the city law department, 
Mr. Kni Kin. more than any one else, shaped the couri • 
of leg) ilatlon relative to the city ol Chicago, To blm 

Ilted the acts under which the parlous am 

ha i !■ been made to I be oil y, and also the 
Ing ni most of the Important franchises which were 
granted during his time. 

i pon ins retirement from public life be formed a 
partnership with Mr. Paul Brown, under the Arm 
name ol Knlghl & Brown. The practice of the firm 
runs largely to corporation, municipal and Insurance 
law. it m pn ■ at the Interests of many of the great 
corporations ol bhe city. 

Mr. Knlghl li a Mason, a Knight Templar of 
Chevallei Bayard Commandery; a member ol the 
Royal League, Independent Ordet ol Forresters, the 
Iroquola and the Ithletlc Clubs, 

FRANK ORREN LOWDEN. 

Frank o. Lowden was born at Sunrise Cltj Minn 
January 26, 1861 He is of Scotch lineage which 
runs bach to a time prior to the British war ol 1812. 
His parents removed to Iowa In 1888, when- young 
Frank worked on his father's farm In the ainnmei 
and attended the public schools In the winter. At 
fifteen he began teaching In Hardin County, thus 




[■-HANK 0. LOWDEN, 

ng the money to defray the expi use ol bis school- 
ing. He entered college at the Iowa state University 
in September, ixxi, taking the classical course. He 
graduated In June, 1885, being valedictorian of his 
1 H<- then re umed teaching al the Burlington, 

Iowa. High Bchool, studying law during leisure I i 

In 1886 be entered the law office of Dexter, Herrlch 

* Allen ol i at the bead of which tood the 

Wirt Di Kter. He al o tool at the 



Union College "i Law, from which bi radu i In 

1887, as raledlctoi Ian of hi els H Ivi ,: fli 

prize tor bis oral Ion and Brsi pi lz< fi ■ irsblp 

He waa admitted to the bar thi same yeai after ex 
amlnatlon before the Appellate Court, standln 
i be bi ad ol bl cla In 1 BO be became a pai < i 
Mr. B. B. Walker, which continued for two yeai 
Mr Lowden is now In practli 

Mr. Lowden is a Republican In polltlt and a lib- 
eral In religion, having been a clost friend of the 
late Prol David Swing He la a member and dlr» 
toi ol i be Calumet Club; member of I e fra 

ternltles; member ol the Union League; Chicago 
Washington Park, Sunsel and the Law Clubs and ol 
i be Chicago Bar Asi o< latlon 

JAMBS It. MANN. 

Jamet it Mann wa boi a near Blooming 
noli October 20, 1866, from whence bli fatbei mc 
tn Iroquola County In 1867. He was graduated al the 
University of minor in 1 16 al the bead ol bis ■ 









# 




H^H^^Hy4w,f 




Mm. / I 

mm / 




B 1 J L 



JAMES It. MANN. 

in 1879 he entered the I nlon College ol Law In Chi 
cago; won ail the prizes for scholarships In both jun- 
ior and senior (rears; the Horton prize of H'm for 
' written thesis, be Ida being the valedictorian ol 
his class. He was admitted to thi bai In 1881 Inct 
which be has been In the acl li i In I b li 

Mr. .Mann has aerved on the School Board ol Hyde 

Park, and Attorney for the villa 

ion to Chicago. Subsequently be waa elected In 
iw»2 Alderman from the Thirty-second Ward to the 
Chicago City Council, and re-elected In 1894, He 
was a leading member of the Cltj Council; and. tor 
i i,r., years, was Chairman of the Judiciary Commit- 
tee. To his efforts are due the drainage of the swampj 
district south of Jackson Para bj a low li 

in and pumping works; tin creation oi the Bu 
lean for Street and Alley Cleaning; regulation 
the Inspection of milk; requiring corporation 
make deposits of monej th< proper replaci 

nn ni ol street torn up by them; the extension of the 

pipe system by I m at i bi 

of vitrified brick for street pavement, and many ot 
ol equal importance. In the Council, Mr 
been the leader of the honest minority as against the 
hoodie gang, and was a hard and resourceful fighter. 

In 1894 he wa ten of the Republl 



44 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



can Convention, and made an opening speech which 
placed him in the front rank ot political speakers, 
the Chicago Tribune editorially demanded that the 
State Central Committee should compel Mr. Mann to 
stump the State, which he did in the 1894 campaign, 
in a manner which added to his tame. In 1S95, he 
led a revolt against the party leadership assumed by 
Mayor Swift in Chicago and was sustained by his 
party in the most hotly contested primary campaign 
ever known: and as a result he was elected Chair- 
man of the Cook County Republican Convention. In 
the spring of 1896 Mr. Mann was nominated as candi- 
date for Congress from the First District of Illinois, 
one of the strongest Republican districts in the coun- 
try. He is noted as a keen thinker, forceful speaker 
and graceful writer, commanding attention in the 
court room or on the stump. 

Mr. Mann was for several years a Master in Chan- 
cery of the Superior Court of Cook County, but re- 
signed on account of his increased law practice. He 
is attorney of the South Park Commissioners, in Chi- 
cago; and is the head of the firm of Mann, Hayes & 
Miller, real estate and chancery lawyers. 

He was married in 1882 to Emma Columbia, of 
Champaign, and has one son. He is a member of the 
Chicago Bar Association, Chicago Law and Art Insti- 
tutes, the Union League, Hamilton, Oakland, Lakota. 
Hyde Park, 12:45, Unity and a number of other clubs. 

HON. HARVEY B. HURD. 

Harvey B. Hurd was born February 14, 1828, at 
Huntington, Fairfield County, Connecticut. He lived 
and worked on his father's farm until he was four- 
teen years of age, when he entered the office of the 
Bridgeport Standard, to learn to be a printer. Two 
years later, in 1844. he went to New York and worked 
for a time with Gould & Banks, law publishers. 




HARVEY B. HURD. 

While here he "set up" Daniel Webster's brief in the 
famous Girard case. In the fall of 1844 he returned 
to Bridgeport, and from there set out with ten other 
young men to attend Jubilee College, at Peoria, 111. 
From there he removed to Chicago, in 1846. His first 
regular employment was on the Evening Journal, and 
afterward on the Prairie Farmer. He began the study 
of the law with Calvin De Wolf, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1848. While his profession has been the 
law and his thought has been in that direction, for- 



tunate investments in real estate have given him an 
easy competence. He was an anti-slavery agitator, 
a member of the Buffalo Convention of 1S56, and of 
the committee that formed the plan of organization 
there adopted, which resulted in making Kansas a 
free State. In 1869 Mr. Hurd served as one of the 
commissioners to revise the statutes of the State, and 
before it was finished the whole work devolved upon 
him, which he finished in April, 1S74. He was then ap- 
pointed to edit the edition of 18S4. In 1862 he 
was elected to the chair of the Union College of Law, 
as professor of pleadings, practice and common and 
statutory law, which he still holds. Since that time 
he has taken great interest in all public matters. To 
him is credited the origin of the movement for the 
establishment of the sanitary district of Chicago and 
in the adoption of the Torrens system of land titles. 
Mr. Hurd was married in May, 1853, to Cornelia A. 
Hilliard, daughter of James H. Hilliard. of Middle- 
town, Connecticut. In November, 1S60, he was mar- 
ried again, to Sarah G., the widow of George Collins, 
of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Hurd have two living chil- 
dren: Eda I., the wife of George S. Lord, and Nellie, 
the wife of John Comstock. 




WILLIAM EARNEST MASON. 

William E. Mason is one of Chicago's most es- 
teemed and foremost lawyers and politicians. He is 
a stalwart Republican, but has friends among all 
parties and classes. He was born in Franklinville, 
New York, July 7, 1850. The family removed to Ben- 
tonsport, Iowa, in 1865, since which time William has 
been practically thrown upon his own resources. By 
alternating periods of teaching with study he was 
enabled to make his way through school and support 
himself until he was admitted to the bar in 1871. 
Since that time he has been an active factor in pol- 
itics as well as at the bar. He has served one term 
in the Lower House and one in the Upper House of 
the State Legislature of Illinois, and two terms as 
a member of Congress. In 1894 he entered the can- 
vass for the United States Senate and made a tour 
of most of the counties of the State, giving his entire 
time to the Republican State committee, much of the 
time speaking in two counties a day. Out of nearly 
300 Republican papers in the State there is not one 
which has not commended the splendid work done 
by Mr. Mason, even where they were opposed to his 
candidacy. He attacked no other candidate nor an- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



45 



tagonized any other interest, but kept steadily to his 
own work. While he did not win the last time, he is 
still in the field, and he will be a good one who 
snatches the prize from him in 1897. 

HENRY STANTON MONROE. 

Henry Stanton Monroe, a prominent member of the 
Chicago bar, was born at Baltimore, Md., February 9, 
1829. He graduated at Geneva College, New York, 
in 1850, valedictorian of his class. He then began the 
study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853, 
beginning practice in Chicago in 1855. Mr. Monroe's 
practice has been general and extended. He has con- 
ducted some of the most celebrated cases that have 
ever come befcre the Illinois courts. Among them 
have been the Tilden and Myers case vs. the Chicago 
and Alton Railroad Company, and the Sturgess case 
vs. the Farwells and Taylor. He has handled many 
other celebrated cases in other States, notably, the 
Dixon Township case, tried in New Hampshire: the 




HENRY S. MONROE. 
Emma Mine case, tried in Utah; and the Michael 
Reese case, tried in California. 

Mr. Monroe has always been a great lover of liter- 
ature. At the great Chicago fire he lost one of the finest 
private libraries in the city, over 4,000 volumes of 
which were on law. He is an enthusiastic sportsman, 
especially with rod and gun. He was married in 185fi 
to Miss Mattie Mitchell of Akron, Ohio. They ha/e 
one son and three daughters. His daughters es- 
pecially have made good records in literary circles 
and his son ranks high in his profession. 

ELIJAH B. SHERMAN, LL. D. 

Elijah B. Sherman was born at Fairfield, Vermont. 
June 18, 1832. His first twenty-one years were spent 
nil the farm, during which time he acquired a fair 
common school education which enabled him to be- 
gin teaching at nineteen. At twenty-one he went to 
Brandon and took a position as clerk in a drug store 
to earn the money which would enable him to enter 
college. He entered Middlebury College in 1856 and 
sustained himself by teaching. He graduated in 1860. 
and in 1861 became principal of the Brandon Sem- 
inary. In 1862 he enlisted in Company C, 9th Ver- 
mont Infantry, and was elected second lieutenant. 
His regiment was made prisoners at Harper's Ferry, 
where it was paroled and sent to Camp Douglas, Chi- 



cago. There he resigned and entered the Law De- 
partment of the University of Chicago, from which he 
graduated in 1S64. He was elected to the State Legis- 
lature in 1876, serving as chairman of the committee in 
Judicial Department, and was re-elected in 1878. Mr. 
Sherman has filled many important official positions, 
having been master in chancery of the Circuit Court 




ELIJAH B. SHERMAN. 



of the United States since 1879. He was also Chief 
Supervisor of Elections for the Northern District of 
Illinois from 1884 to 1892. He is an Odd Fellow, a 
Mason, a member of the Grand Army, of the Veteran 
Club and of the Loyal Legion. He was one of the 
founders of the Illinois Bar Association, and its pres- 
ident in 1882-83; has been president of the Illinois 
Association of the Sons of Vermont, and is a mem- 
ber of many prominent clubs and societies. He re- 
ceived the degree of LL. D. from his alma mater in 
1884. Mr. Sherman is a Republican in politics and 
has been identified with the history of the party since 
its organization. 

ROSENTHAL, KURZ & HIRSCHL. 

This is one of the foremost law firms in Chicago. It 
is composed of Mr. James Rosenthal, Adolph Kurz and 
Andrew J. Hirschl. 

James Rosenthal is a native of Chicago. He was 
educated in the Chicago public schools, Chicago High 
School and Lake Forest, and graduated at Yale College 
Law School in 1880. He was admitted to the bar in 
July, 1880, and, for a time, practiced in his father's 
firm, Rosenthal & Pence, where he gained a large 
experience in probate and real estate law. The pres- 
ent firm was organized July, 1S94. Mr. Rosenthal has 
always taken an active interest in educational mat- 
ters, and in 1891 was appointed a member of the 
Board of Education for Chicago, serving for three 
years. He has proved himself one of the most useful 
members as chairman of the judiciary committee and 
as chairman of the committee on buildings and 
grounds. He was one of the organizers of the Young 
Men's Hebrew Charity Association and its first secre- 
tary. He is a staunch Republican and active in the 
councils of his party, and is a member of the Hamilton 
and Woodlawn Park Clubs, Chicago Bar Association. 
Illinois State Bar Association, and Commercial Law 
League of America. 

Adolph Kurz. the second member of the firm of 



46 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



Rosenthal, Kurz & Hirschl, was born in Germany. 
January 11. 1868. He removed, with his widowed 
mother, to this country in 1882 and settled in Chicago. 
His first care was to acquire a thorough education, 




JAMES ROSENTHAL. 

and in 1889 he graduated from the Chicago College 
of Law and entered upon the practice of his profession. 
Until then he had supported himself, while prosecuting 
his studies, as manager of the city collecting depart- 
ment of a large commercial law firm, to which he rose 
step by step from errand boy. Acquiring a love for 











** *^ 




*n m 


4 






S 1 *^^ 





ADOLPH KURZ. 

his work, he determined to make commercial law his 
specialty. He numbers among his clients such houses 
as Hibbard. Spencer, Bartlett & Co.. Cribben, Sexton 
& Co., and other firms of like standing. He is a rec- 
ognized expert in commercial law. He is a member 
of the Standard Club, the Chicago Bar Association and 
Chicago Law Institute. 



Andrew J. Hirschl, member of Rosenthal, Kurz & 
Hirschl, was born April 30, 1853, at Davenport, Iowa. 
Mr. Hirschl was educated at Griswold College, Daven- 
port, and at Amherst, Mass. He then took a course 
in the law department of the Iowa State University. 
at Iowa City. He began practice at Davenport, but, 
in July, 1891, removed to Chicago, mainly to be near 
the University of Chicago, where he desired his chil- 
dren to be educated. 

Mr. Hirschl has had a wide experience in theoretical 
law, as well as a large scope of practice in the trial of 
cases. He was for a time a lecturer on the Law of 
Torts at the State University law department, Iowa 
City, in 1888, and declined a permanent appointment, 
finding it interfered too much with his practice. 

Mr. Hirschl has been identified with a number of 
important cases in the Appellate and Supreme Courts. 
Among the more important Supreme Court cases are 
the Kean assignment case, reversing the settled prac- 
tice of the Circuit and Appellate Courts; the Wrixon 
case, establishing the liability of street car companies 
for not having fenders on wheels; the Great Western 




ANDREW. J. HIRSCHL. 

Telegraph Company vs. Lowenthal, relating to liabil- 
ity of stockholders; People ex rel. Ahrens vs. English, 
establishing the right of women to vote at school 
elections (except for county or state superintendent); 
People vs. McConnell, mandamus establishing the duty 
of judge to hear and determine a motion for new 
trial left undecided by a deceased judge. 

Mr. Hirschl is a Mason; member of the A. O. U. W. ; 
of the "Turn-Verin" since 1857; is now a member of 
the Chicago Bar Association, Chicago Law Institute, 
Medico-Legal Club, Hamilton Club, Woodlawn Park 
Club, Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, and always a 
Republican. 

He was married September 27, 1876, to Charlotte 
Schreiner, a native of Prussia. 



WILLIAM H. TATGE. 



Illinois, No- 

His family 

Early in life 



William H. Tatge was born at Crete, 
vember 9, 1860, of German parentage, 
came to this country in the fall of 184S. 
he imbibed a love for the law through working in 
his father's office while he was Clerk of the Circuit 
Court of Will County, at Joliet. He received a thor- 
ough training in the parochial schools of the Luth- 
eran Church, and graduated at Concordia College, at 
Fort Wayne, Indiana. To gratify his parents he en- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



47 



tered the Lutheran Theological Seminary at St. Louis, 
but his taste for the law led to its abandonment on'' 
year later, when he began to study with Hill & Dibell 
(now Judge Dibell) of Joliet. After a course of pre- 
liminary reading he entered Union College of Law, at 
Chicago, from which he graduated in June, 1883, hav- 
ing previously been admitted to the bar, after exam- 
ination, by the Appellate Court, in March, 1883. 

Having imbibed a love for politics along with that 
of the law. he has always taken an active part, so 
that, it is not surprising that he was admitted to the 
counsels of the Lutheran Church when its interests 
were attacked by the compulsory school law of 1890. 
Mr. Tatge was engaged to defend all the cases brought 
against parents in the State for sending their chil- 
dren to the parochial schools. In this he was emi- 
nently successful. 

After Mr. Swift was elected as Mayor of Chicago 
he appointed Mr. Tatge as City Prosecuting Attorney, 
which office he has filled with credit to himself and 
satisfaction to his superiors. Mr. Tatge's practice is 
a general one. By hard work and conscientious effort 
he has become a successful practitioner. 




WILLIAM H. TATGE. 

Mr. Tatge was married May 6, 1885, to Miss Nellie 
Mallen, and resides with his wife and four boys in 
Englewood. 

LORIN CONE COLLINS, JR. 

Lorin Cone Collins, Jr., was born at Windsor, Con- 
necticut, August 1. 1848. As a boy he attended the 
common schools of St. Paul, Minnesota, to which city 
his parents had removed in 1853. When nineteen 
years of age he went to Delaware, Ohio, and passed 
through a two years' course of training for college. 
He entered the Northwestern University, at Evanston, 
in 1868, graduating in 1872. On leaving college he 
entered the law office of Clarkson and Van Schaak, 
in Chicago, and began the study of law. Admitted 
to the bar in 1874, he engaged in the practice of his 
profession until 1878, when he was elected to the 
Legislature. He was twice re-elected and in his last 
term became Speaker of the House. During his ser- 
vice he was identified with many popular measures. 

In 1884 Mr. Collins was appointed Judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court of Cook County by Governor Hamilton to 
fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge 
Barnum. In the following June he was elected for 
the term of six years. In 1891 he was again elect- 




LORIN C. COLLIN'S, JR. 



ed, and served until October, 1893, when he resigned 
and again entered on the practice of law. 

JOHN R. PARKER. 

John R. Parker has been actively engaged in Chi- 
cago legal affairs since his admission to the bar by 
the Supreme Court at Mount, Vernon in 1875. He 
has won a great reputation and acquired a large prac- 
tice by his ability and straightforwardness. Mr. Par- 
ker is a man of broad sympathies. He is actively in- 
terested in politics and always takes a prominent part 
in all campaigns as a Republican. He is one of the 




JOHN R. PARKER. 



most effective speakers that the State Republican 
campaign committee has at its disposal. He is a 
resident and large property owner in the Twelfth 
ward, and is deeply interested in its material and 
political welfare. He is ever a foremost worker for 
any movement tending toward the city's improvement. 
Mr. Parker is interested in literary and educational 
matters and is a graduate of Hillsdale College. 



48 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



KICKHAM SCANLAN. 

Kickham Scanlan has already acquired a fame in 
his profession far beyond his years. While only thir- 
ty-one years of age. he has been engaged in more of 
the celebrated criminal law cases in Chicago and the 
West than almost any other lawyer of twice his years. 
He was born in Chicago. October 23, 1864. His father, 
Michael Scanlan, of Washington, D. C, is well known 
as a writer and composer of music. During Kickham's 
childhood he accompanied his parents to Washington, 
where he attended the public and high schools of the 
Capital City. He afterward entered the University of 
Notre Dame, at South Bend, Indiana, where he took 
a three-year course, which he followed with a special 
course under a 
private tutor. 
Returning t o 
Chicago he en- 
tered the office 
of Colonel W. P. 
Rend, the well- 
known coal 
dealer and ope- 
rator, where he 
served for four 
years, during 
which time he ac- 
quired habits of 
business and a 
knowledge of af- 
fairs which has 
been of the 
greatest service 
in his subse- 
quent career. 
His tastes, tal- 
ents and inclin- 
ation, however, 
were all toward 
the law as his 
p r o f e s sion in 
life. In 1886 he 
entered the law 
office of Luther 
Laflin Mills and 
George C. Ing- 
ham, at the same 
time taking a 
course at the 
Chicago College 
of Law, gradu- 
ating in its first 
class. Following 
close in the foot- 
steps of his em- 
inent preceptor, 
Mr. Mills, Mr. 
Scanlan soon be- 
came famous in 
the handling of 
criminal cases. 
H e remained 
with the firm of 
Mills & Ingham for seven years 




KICKHAM SCANLAN. 



during "which he 
assisted in the trial of all of the important cases with 
which it was connected, including the McGarigle case. 
the first trial of the Cronin case, the Ohio tally-sheet 
fraud case in Columbus, Ohio, in 1888. where he was 
associated with Mr. Mills and Allen G. Thurman for 
the prosecution, the Millington poisoning case at Den- 
ver in 1891, and many others. His careful, pains- 
taking industry and conspicuous ability soon made 
his services sought for; and he has. for years, been 
repeatedly called upon to assist the State's Attorney 
of Cook County in the prosecution of difficult crim- 
inal cases. In argument he is logical and eloquent, 
and his words always carry weight with judge and 



jury, seldom failing to result in victory. Mr. Scanlan 
was special counsel for the State in the Graham-Hank 
bribery case in Chicago, which prosecution resulted in 
the first conviction for jury bribery in the West. His 
connection with the two Cronin cases is well known 
throughout the country. His keen logic, his brilliant 
eloquence, and withal his masterly argument, carried 
conviction and made him widely known. In the sec- 
ond trial he made the opening speech for the prosecu- 
tion, which extended over three days. His analysis 
and presentation of the case was acknowledged by all 
who heard it as one of the most masterly and con- 
vincing in the history of the Chicago bar. That the 
prosecution won its case is the general verdict of the 
public, but influences were at work below the surface 

which gave the 
verdict of the 
jury to the other 
side. 

In 1893 Mr. 
Scanlan opened 
an office in the 
Ashland block, 
where he has 
met with al- 
m o s t uninter- 
rupted success. 
One of the most 
peculiar cases in 
the history of 
Chicago juris- 
prudence was 
that of Edwin 
Kohn, who con- 
fessed to taking 
a decoy letter 
from the mail. 
Mr. Scanlan de- 
fended. He 
raised the point 
that the decoy 
letter was not 
such an one as 
was contemplat- 
ed by the United 
States statutes 
under which 
Kohn was in- 
dicted. Judge 
G r o s c u p sus- 
tained the point 
and discharged 
the prisoner. 

Mr. Scanlan 
was married in 
1890 to Miss Sa- 
die Conway, 
daughter of 
Michael W. Con- 
way, Fire In- 
spector of Chi- 
cago. She is a 
woman of rare 
attainments and 
has proved a helpmeet indeed. Two daughters have 
been born to them. Their home is pleasantly located 
at No. 85 Ewing Place, where literature, music and 
art add their charms to the other attractions, and 
give evidence of the refined and cultured home. 

Mr. Scanlan is an active Republican, and exerts a 
powerful influence in the destinies of his party. 

WILLIAM VOCKE. 

An example of the self-made American citizen, and 
an exemplification of what an ambitious foreigner can 
do in this country is shown in the case of William 
Vocke. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



49 



Mr. Vocke came here from the historic Miudeu, in 
Westphalia, when seventeen years of age. This was 
in 1856. His father was a government secretary in 
the Prussian service, and after his death the son, be- 
lieving that the United States offered him a future not 
to be found in his own country, emigrated hither. He 
stopped in New York for a short time, and then came 
to Chicago. He was for a time employed by the 
"Staats Zeitung," in the meantime studying law. 

In 1860, he entered the employ of Ogden, Fleetwood 
& Co.. a real estate firm of Chicago. On the day that 
the war broke out he enlisted. His company was soon 
merged into the Twenty-fourth Illinois Volunteer In- 
fantry. After the expiration of his term of service 
he was mustered out as captain of Company O, of the 
Twenty-fourth Illinois. 



Mr. Trainor is regarded as one of the prominent 
and successful lawyers of Chicago, having attained 




WILLIAM VOCKE. 

When Captain Vocke returned to Chicago, he again 
entered the service of the "Staats Zeitung;" this time 
as its city editor. For nearly a year he held this re- 
sponsible chair. From April, 1865, to November, 1869, 
he was the clerk of the police court of this city. He 
resumed the study of the law in the meantime, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1867. 

He was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature 
in 1870. Captain Vocke was also a member of the 
Chicago Board of Education from 1877 to 1880. For 
nearly twenty years past he has been attorney for 
the Imperial German Consulate at this point. 

In 1867 he was joined in matrimony to Elise Wahl, a 
charming woman, and they have a family of six chil- 
dren — four daughters and two sons. 

JOHN CHAUNCEY TRAINOR. 

John Chauncey Trainor was born at Watertown, N. 
Y., in 1858, where he received his early education. 
He began the study of law in his native town in the 
law office of Hannibal Smith. His professional studies 
were interrupted by two terms of school teaching, 
after which he resumed them with E. B. Wynn. gen- 
eral counsel for the Rome, Watertown & Odgensburg 
Railroad Company. Mr. Trainor was admitted in the 
bar at the general term of the Supreme Court held 
at Syracuse, N. Y., January 6th, 1882, at the age of 
twenty-four, and a year later came to Chicago to prac- 
tice his profession. He first opened an office at Ken- 
sington, and after establishing a permanent practice 
removed to the La Favette Building, 70 La Salle 
Street. 




JOHN C. TRAINOR. 

that position by honesty and hard work. In politics 
he is a Republican, always active, unselfish and loyal 
to his friends. 

CHARLES S. THORNTON. 

Among the leaders of the bar of Chicago is Charles 
S. Thornton. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, 




CHARLES S. THORNTON. 

in 1851, obtained his education in that city and at 
Harvard College. In 1873 he was admitted to prac- 
tice in Illinois upon examination before the Supreme 
Court of that State, and has since been admitted to 
practice in the District. Circuit and Supreme Courts 
of the United States. He has been counsel in many 
leading cases in the practice of his profession, and 
has met with extraordinary success. 

In addition to bis law practice he has at times de- 



50 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



voted some of his attention to public affairs. For 
three years he was a member of the Cook County 
Board of Education, was afterward elected a member 
of the City Board of Education, where he served for 
three years also, and in 1895 was appointed a member 
of the State Bo^rd of Education of Illinois, a position 
which he now holds. Some of the measures advocated 
by him will be of lasting benefit to the public school 
system. He is the author of the Pension Bill for 
teachers, the system of Truant Schools, and the Six 
Years' College Preparatory Court now in operation in 
the schools of Chicago. 

HORATIO LOOMIS WAIT. 



Wait was born in New York City, 



Hon. Horatio L. 
August 8, 1836. 
He comes from 
old colonial 
and revolution- 
ary stock, his 
ancestors set- 
tling in Massa- 
chusetts early 
in the seven- 
teenth century. 
His parents 
were Joseph and 
Harriet Heile- 
man (Whitney) 
Wait, natives of 
Vermont, but 
who met with 
a considerable 
succcess in busi- 
ness in New 
York. 

Young Hora- 
tio attended the 
Trinity School 
in New York, 
and, at fourteen, 
entered Colum- 
bia College 
grammar school, 
where he pre- 
pared for col- 
lege. In 1856 he 
came to Chicago 
and entered the 
employ of J. 
Young S c a m- 
mon. At the 
breaking out of 
the rebellion he 
forsook his law- 
books and joined 
Captain Brad- 
ley's company 
D, Sixteenth Il- 
linois Infantry. 
But before that 
was ready for 
the field Mr. 
Wait was offered 
a position as assistant paymaster in the navy, which 
he accepted. He was commissioned by President 
Lincoln and ordered to report to Rear Admiral Pauld- 
ing, at New York. Here he was assigned to duty on 
board the U. S. steamer "Pembina." with the rank of 
master, in the squadron under command of Admiral 
Dupont. 

For a time the "Pembina" was on blockade duty off 
Savannah, where it frequently exchanged shots with 
the rebels constructing batteries to protect that 
stronghold, but was later sent on a cruise to the 
West Indies in pursuit of the "Alabama." In the win- 
ter of 1862 it reported to Admiral Farragut off Pen- 




HORATIO L. WAIT. 



sacola and Mobile. Here the "Pembina" engaged in 
several spirited engagements with the Confederate 
batteries, captured two blockade runners and aided 
in the capture of others. When the "Pembina" was 
laid up for repairs Mr. Wait was transferred to the 
"Mary Sanford," transporting ammunition to Charles- 
ton for the monitor fleet. A few months later he was 
ordered to report to Admiral Dahlgren for duty on 
the flagship "Philadelphia," where he participaied in 
the naval events in conjunction with General Gil- 
more's attack upon and capture of Fort Sumter. He 
assisted in the ceremonies following the surrender, a 
part of which consisted in hoisting the same flag over 
the fort by Major Anderson that he had been com- 
pelled to lower in 1861. After the conclusion of peace 
Mr. Wait was transferred to the U. S. ship "Ino," and 

with the Euro- 
pean squadron 
visited all the 
ports o f note 
from Great Brit- 
a i n to Italy. 
The "Ino" was 
the first U. S. 
naval vessel to 
enter many of 
these ports after 
the war. While 
off Lisbon Mr. 
Wait was pro- 
moted to full 
paymaster, with 
the rank of lieu- 
tenant com- 
mander. He re- 
turned to the 
United States in 
1867, and was 
ordered to the 
ship "New 
H a m p s h ire,'" 
commanded by 
Rear Admiral 
Rowan, at the 
Norfolk navy 
yard, and in 
1868 was trans- 
ferred to the 
Pensacola navy 
yard as in- 
spector. 

In 1869 Mr. 
Wait resigned 
and returned to 
Chicago, where 
he resumed the 
study of the 
law in the office 
of Barker & 
Tuley. He was 
admitted to the 
bar August 22. 
1870, and formed 
a partnership 
with his senior 
preceptor under the name of Barker & Wait. Later 
Ira W. Buell was admitted under the style of Barker, 
Buell & Wait. This continued until Mr. Wait's ap- 
pointment as Master in Chancery of the Circuit Court 
of Cook County in 1876, a position which he has held 
continuously since that time. Mr. Wait is now prob- 
ably the oldest master in chancery in the State. He 
has held it through all the changes in politics and 
administration, which, of itself, speaks volumes for 
the wisdom and integrity which he brings to the dis- 
charge of his duties. His polished demeanor, scholar- 
ly attainments and his intimate knowledge of the law 
are the very qualities which have made his success 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



51 



in every station in life which he has been called to fill. 
While Mr. Wait is a Republican, he is not a partisan. 
He has always taken an active part in social move- 
ments, being one of the organizers of the Hyde Park 
Lyceum, which maintained a public library until 
Hyde Park was annexed to the city. He is a member 
and has served as president of the Chicago Literary 
Club. In church matters, also, ha has taken an active 
part, being a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church and formerly superintendent of the Tyng 
Mission Sunday School. Since then he has been 
active in the work of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. 
He helped to organize the Charity Organization Soci- 
ety, and helped in its work until it was merged into 
the Relief and Aid Society. 

Mr. Wait is a member of the Illinois State and the 
Chicago Bar Associations, the Kenwood and the 
Church Clubs. He is also identified with the Loyal 
Legion, the Farragut Naval Association, and other 
naval organizations. 

Mr. Wait was married May 7. 1860, to Miss Clara 
Conant Long, daughter of James Long, a prominent 
citizen and manufacturer of Chicago. They have two 
sons, James Joseph and Henry Heilman Wait. 

FREDERICK S. WINSTON. 
Frederick S. Winston was born in Kentucky, Octo- 
ber 27, 1856. Almost the whole life of the young mau 
has been spent in the Garden city. He was educated 
at Yale College, which he entered at sixteen, but left 
at the beginning of the senior year. He was, however, 
awarded his degree by the faculty upon the record of 
a three years' course. He then entered the Columbia 
College Law School at New York, and in 1878 was ad- 
mitted to the bar after examination by the Supreme 
Court of Illinois. He at once formed a law partner- 
ship with his father under the name of F. H. & F. S. 
Winston at Chicago. 




FREDERICK S. WINSTON. 

In 1SS1 Mr. Winston was appointed corporation 
counsel for the city of Chicago, a position which he 
held for five years, during which time he success- 
fully conducted a large amount of litigation for the 
city, saving it thousands of dollars. At the end of this 
time he resigned to devote himself to private practice. 

Since 1886. Mr. Winston has been counsel for the 
Michigan Central Railroad Company. He is also 
counsel for a large number of the most Important 



corporations which center in Chicago. In fact, his 
business has come to be exclusively corporation law. 
In 1886 he formed a partnership with Mr. James F. 
Meagher, under the style of Winston & Meagher. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

Old Chamber of Commerce Building. — This struc- 
ture, at the time of its completion, was, with a single 
exception, the most pretentious in the city. It was 
built of cut Athens marble, and occupied the space 
represented by a frontage of 93 feet on Washington 
street, and facades of 180 feet on La Salle street and 
Calhoun place. It was surmounted by a mansard roof, 
the total height of the edifice above the ground floor 
being 99 feet. This building perished in the fire of 
October 9th. 1871. The present Chamber of Commerce 
building was completed in 1891. It is on the corner 
of La Salle and Washington streets, and is thirteen 
stories high. It cost upwards of $1,000,000. The 
building is noted for its great interior court, reaching 
from the main floor to the skylight. Nine passenger 
and freight elevators are kept constantly in use 
This building and the City Hall and County Court 
House form an imposing architectural sight. 

The Board of Trade Building.— The final abiding 
place of the Board of Trade is one of the few struc- 
tures in the United States, to which the adjective 
"palatial" may, without exaggeration, be applied. It 
is a solid-looking granite pile, occupying half the 
square bounded by Jackson, Sherman and Van Buren 
streets, and Pacific aveuue, its tower and entrance 
portal standing exactly in front of La Salle street, 
which ends at Jackson street. The view down this 
treet closed by the Board of Trade reminds one very 
forcibly of Wall street. New York, looking toward 
Old Trinity Church. 

The building is in two sections, the front one, 
facing Jackson street, being used for trading, etc.! 
and the rear one devoted to offices. The total ground 
occupied is 175 feet frontages, by 265 feet depth. Each 
facade is finely finished, with handsome entrances 
and relieving projections. Over the main entrance 
are two emblematic feminine figures, representing 
respectively "Manufacture" and "Agriculture." 

The interior is very handsome, especially the main 
trading hall, 175x155 feet and 80 feet high, with its 
glass ceiling, 70x80 feet, and its elaborate finish. In 
this hall there are two capacious galleries, one on the 
north and one on the south side. To the latter vis- 
itors are admitted at all times, while the other is re- 
served for members and their friends, though even an 
entire stranger accompanied by ladies, should find no 
difficulty in gaining admission. The cost of the 
building was about $1,700,000. 

The present membership of the Board is 2,000, each 
member paying an annual assessment of $65. The 
admission fee is $10,000. though this high rate is 
chiefly limitary in its effects, as memberships are 
transferable, and command only from $2,500 to $5,000. 
The Board Clearing House statement for 1S95 shows 
clearings of $78,133,437, but there are no means of 
guessing at the vast short-time speculative transac- 
tions that occur under its roof. Trading is per- 
mitted in not less than 1,000 bushels of grain or 250 
barrels of pork. 

The Union Stock Yards.— Meat packing is the oldest 
of Chicago's industries. In the fall of 1832 G. W Dole 
slaughtered the first lot of cattle ever packed in the 
county. They numbered 200 head, and cost $2.75 per 
cwt. About 350 hogs, costing $3 per cwt. were 
slaughtered and packed at the same time. Fortv- 
eight years later, the city received within twelve 
months no fewer than 7.059,355 live hogs, 1,382 477 
cattle, and 335,810 sheep; since which time', the pro- 
portion oi the hog products of the country handled 
by Chicago has kept on increasing, while a great in- 
crease has also taken place in its receipts of cattle 
and sheep. In 1895 the figures were 7,885,283 hog8 



52 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



2,588,558 cattle, 113,193 horses, and 3,406,739 sheep, 
the total value being estimated at $200,584,380. The 
shipments for the same period were 2,100,013 live 
hogs, 5,7S4,670 dressed hogs, 785,092 cattle, 53,136 
sheep, 910,339,175 lbs. of dressed beef, 74,646 barrels 
of pork, 387,437,699 lbs. of lard, 174,807,919 lbs. of 
hides, and 63,441.329 
lbs. of wool. 

The Union Stock 
Yards at Halsted 
street, in the former 
Town of Lake, in 
which this enor- 
mous business cen- 
tres, cover no less 
than 400 acres of 
ground. In 3,300 
pens, 1,800 covered 
and 1,500 open, pro- 
vision is made for 
handling at one time 
25,000 head of cattle, 
14,000 sheep, and 150,- 
000 hogs. The yards 
contain twenty miles 
of streets, twenty 
miles of water 
troughs, fifty miles of 
feeding troughs, and 
seventy-five miles of 
water and drainage 
pipes. Five artesian 
wells, having an 
average depth of 1,230 
feet, afford an abund- 
ant supply of water. 
There are also eighty- 
seven miles of rail- 
road tracks, all the 
great roads having 
access to this vast 
market. Its entire 
cost was $4,000,000. 

The meat - packing 
industry is carried on 
in immediate prox- 
imity to the Stock 
Yards. The extent 
of this enterprise 
may be imagined 
from the fact that a 
single business, that 
controlled by Messrs. 
Armour & Co., oc- 
cupies seventy 
acres of flooring, and 
employs 3.500 men. 
The Stock Yards and 
packing houses (ad- 
mission to the former 
free, the latter 
usually shown to vis- 
itors upon applica- 
tion) can be reached 
by rail from Van 
Buren street depot 
(trains infrequent), 
by State street cable- 
line or South Halsted 
street horse-cars. 

The Board of 
Trade.— The history 
of this institution is 
an epitome of the commercial 



room over a flour store on South Water street, en- 
gaged at a rental of $110 per annum. There were 
eighty-two members. 

On the 13th of April. 1850, the institution was for- 
mally organized under an act of legislature authoriz- 
ing it, and the membership fee was fixed at $5, while 




TACOMA BUILDING, LA SALLE AND MADISON STREETS. 



- S rowtn of Chicago. 
The preliminary meeting of business men, having in 
view the organizing of a Board of Trade, was held on 
March 13, 184S, and the first annual meeting of the 
resultant Board took place in April of the follow- 
ing vear The first quarters occupied by it were a 



the annual dues were raised from $2 to $3. By 1851, 
the membership had dropped to thirty-eight, with a 
deficit reported by the Treasurer. 

Years passed on, with many changes of location, but 
little progress. Interest— during several periods fos- 
tered by the seductive allurements of free lunches. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



53 



comprising cheese, crackers and ale — waxed and anon 
waned. The free lunches filled the board-rooms, biu 
not the corporation coffers; in fact, we read that in 
1855, "the refreshment business" being revived, "a 
doorkeeper was appointed to keep out the loungers 
who were attracted by the free lunches." 

This certainly is a comical beginning, viewed in 
the light of the present day; but, when we remember 
that in those times Chicago had no communication 
save by lake, canal and wagon road, with the outside 
world, and that grain passing through the ware- 
houses was measured by the half-bushel, an old-fash 
ioned free lunch no longer seems anomalous. 

After 1856, however, prophetic signs of the future 
began to show within the institution; membership in 
creased rapidly, its voice began to be heard and its 
influence to be felt in every important question of 
trade or finance affecting the interest of Chicago, 

By 1866 the membership had risen to 1,462, and 
on August 13th of the same year the completed Cham- 
ber of Commerce building was occupied. 

The Board of Trade and the Union Stock Yards are 
so intimately connected that it is impossible to con- 
sider them or the men who are connected with them 
separately; because the transactions at the stock yards 




THE BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING. 

form so large a proportion of the business oi the 
Board of Trade. For this reason it is proper that we 
here present to cur readers sketches of a few of the 
business houses and men who are among the guiding 
spirits of both. As in the case of the lawyers, we have 
not taken the richest, but those who are fairly repre- 
sentative of the conservative, yet aggressive Chicago 
business man. 

SCHWARTZ, DUPEE & CO. 

This is one of the foremost commission houses 
operating on the Board of Trade. While the firm, in 
its present form, cannot be said to be one of the oldest, 
it is one of the most substantial. It was formed about 
1882, by Gustavus A. Schwartz, for many years con- 
nected with H. Botsford & Co.. and John Dupee. Jr., 
for a long time in the commission business for him- 
self. In 18S6, John W. Conley, for several years with 
John W. Rumsey & Co.. and Mr. I. J. Bloom were ad- 
mitted to partnership. The concern occupies spacious 
offices on the ground floor of the Board of Trade 
Building; and does a general commission business in 
stocks, grain and provisions. It also has an office at 
No. 7 New Street, New York. It owns and leases an 
extensive system of private wires connecting with 
New York and other important points which give 
facilities for business second to none in its line 



THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK 

The First National Bank is the oldest of the na- 
tional banks in Chicago. It has the largest capital, 
resources, deposits and earnings. It was organized in 
May, 1863, with a capital of $100,000. This has been 
increased until now it has a capital of $3,000,000, with 
a surplus of a like amount. It occupies a building of 
its own on the northwest corner of Dearborn and Mon- 
roe streets, which has always been a model of con- 
venience and beauty. The bank occupies the whole 
of the main floor, while the five upper floors are takeu 
up with offices. In the basement are the safety de- 
posit vaults. The present officers of the bank are Mr. 
Lyman J. Gage, president; James B. Forgan, vice 
president; Richard J. Street, cashier; Holmes Hoge. 
assistant cashier, and Frank E. Brown, second assist- 
ant cashier. The list of directors includes Samuel M 
Nickerson, F. D. Gray, R. C. Nickerson, E. F. Law- 
rence. Norman B. Ream. L. J. Gage. S. W. Allerton, 
Nelson Morris. Eugene S. Pike, A. A. Carpenter and 
James B. Forgan. 

LYMAN J. GAGE. 

Lyman J. Gage, president of the First National 
Bank of Chicago, was born June 28, 1836, at De Ruy- 
ter, Madison County. New York; and was educated 
at Rome Academy. Mr. Gage was first president of 
the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Ex- 
position, and also was formerly president of the 
American Bankers' Association. Mr. Gage is now a 
member of the Commercial Club, the Chicago Club, 




LYMAN J. GAGE. 

the Union Club, the Bankers' Club, and the Chicago 
Literary Club. He has long taken an active interest 
in philosophical and sociological questions; is re- 
markably broad and liberal in his views, contact w-ith 
the commercial world having added strength and 
depth without narrowing a character capable of the 
deepest development. 

EDWARD F. LAWRENCE. 

Edward F. Lawrence was born at Groton. Mass.. 
October 29. ls:r>. He received bis early education in 



54 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



the public schools of Belvidere, 111., where his pa- 
rents removed to in 1837. He finished his education 
at the Lawrence Academy, at his place of birth, in 
1847. He returned, and in 1849 was placed in a country 
store to learn commercial business. From here he 
went to Boston, and was apprenticed to Whitney & 
Fenno, a leading dry goods and jobbing house, where 




EDWARD F. LAWRENCE, 

he remained for six years, a part of the time in the 
office and a part as a traveling salesman. In his trips 
he frequently came to Chicago, and in 1858 he settled 
here permanently. He has been, since 1859, a member 
of the Board of Trade. He was one of the directors 




of the World's Columbian Exposition; and, for more 
than twenty years, has been one of the directors of 
the First National Bank. 

In politics Mr. Lawrence is a Democrat, although 
not a partisan. He was married May 23, 1861, to 
Miss Mary Ballentine, of Waukegan. They have one 
son, Dwight. who thus early gives promise of a life 
of great usefulness. 



EDWARD LESTER BREWSTER. 



Mr. Edward L. 
Brockport. New 



Brewster was born June 22, 1842. at 
York, a direct descendant of the 




THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. 



EDWARD L. BREWSTER. 

Pilgrim Fathers. He was given a good education at 
the Brockport Collegiate Institute, after which he 
spent two years at Buffalo, as clerk in a commercial 
house, in the study of practical business details and in 
a commercial college. In 1860 he came to Chicago and 
entered the banking house of Edward I. Tinkham & 
Co. Since that time Mr. Brewster has been closely 
identified with the banking interests of the city. 
In January, 1868, he established the wholesale grocery 
house of Farrington & Brewster; but in 1872 he with- 
drew to form the banking firm of Wrenn & Brewster. 
A magnificent business was started which weathered 
the storm of 1873; and continued until 1876, when 
Mr. Brewster retired and created the firm of Edward 
L. Brewster & Co. For twenty years this has been one 
of the foremost financial institutions of the city. Mr. 
Brewster has been a member of the Board of Trade 
since 1873. and of the New York Stock Exchange since 
1881. He is a member, and has been president of the 
Chicago Stock Exchange. He is a member of many 
or the social clubs. Among them are, the Chicago, 
the Calumet, the Union, and the Washington Park, of 
Chicago, and the Metropolitan and Union League 
clubs of New York. 



LAMSON BROS. & CO. 

The firm of Lamson Bros. & Co., composed of S. W. 
Lamson. L. J. Lamson and S. S. Date is one of the 
few firms on the Board that has retained its name, 
without change, for more than twenty years. Be- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



55 



ginning in a small way, they have by industrious 
labor and a strict adherence to legitimate business 
principles placed themselves in the front rank of the 
well established, conservative and responsible Com- 
mission Houses. 

This firm has probably the largest private leased 
wire system in America, reaching eastward from Chi- 
cago to New York, down along the Atlantic and Gulf 
States, along the Mississippi River to New Orleans, 
through Texas and the central states — in fact they 
reach almost every business center of importance. 

Having an ample force of the best brokers on 
'Change, and responsible New York and New Orleans 
connections, they are in a position to give close atten- 
tion to all grain, provision, stock and cotton business 
entrusted to their care. 

CHARLES COUNSELMAN. 

Charles Counselman, one of the foremost operators 
on the Board of Trade, was born in December, 1848, 
at Baltimore, Md. He was given a thorough educa- 
tion with a view to his entering upon the practice of 
the law. But a too close application to study impaired 
his health so that he was compelled to give up his 
chosen profession and seek a more active field of labor. 




CHARLES COUNSELMAN. 

He came to Chicago in 1869. For a year he occupied 
a subordinate position and then began business for 
himself as a grain and provision commission man on 
the Board of Trade. He met with an abundant success 
from the first; and to-day he is the owner of the Ter- 
minal Grain Elevators of the Rock Island system. 
Those elevators have a capacity of 7,000,000 bushels. 
In 1888 the firm of Counselman & Day was formed 
for the handling of stocks and bonds. Mr. Counsel- 
man has always avoided politics, never having sought 
or held public office. 



LLOYD JAMES SMITH, 

Lloyd James Smith, although a- native of Indiana, 
has spent nearly his whole life in Chicago, his parents 
moving to Chicago when he was a child. He was 



born at Wheeler, Porter county, Ind., Sept., 10, 1863, 
and has lived in Chicago since 1865. 

His first business venture was clerking for the 
Northwestern National Bank in 1880. He remained 
two years and then moved west and spent two years in 
Idaho and Oregon when he returned to Chicago and 




LLOYD J. SMITH. 

began as broker for the Central Elevator Co. and for 
Munger, Wheeler & Co. In 1889 he was made manager 
of the Santa Fe Elevator and Dock Co., and is now the 
secretary and treasurer of this company. In 1891 he 
was made general manager also; and still holds that 
position. 

Mr. Smith has been a director of the Board of Trade 
for the past five years; and has the distinction of 
being the youngest man ever elected as a director of 
the Board of Trade. He has served on all important 
committees of the Directory; and has always repre- 
sented the elevator interests in their controversies. 
He has been chairman of the Republican County Cen- 
tral Committee; two years as its vice-president. For 
five years he has been first vice-president of the Mar- 
quette Club; and is a member of the Chicago Athletic 
Club. Mr. Smith is a Republican and takes a great 
interest in politics and public affairs. 

Mr. Smith was united in marriage in 1890 to Miss 
Sadie Hall. They have one child, a daughter, about 
four and a half years old. They live in Evanston 
Avenue, at Lake View. 



SIDNEY ALBERT KENT. 

One of the most conspicuous and thoroughly repre- 
sentative men of Chicago is Mr. Sidney A. Kent. For 
more than forty years he has occupied a prominent 
position in the business world, won for himself by his 
perseverance, his sterling integrity and his good 
judgment. He was born at Suffield, Connecticut, July 
16. 1834, the son of Albert and Lucinda (Gillette) Kent. 
His ancestors, on his father's side, came from England 
about 1630, and formed one of the oldest of the New 
England colonial families. His mother's family was 
only a little less renowned in the early history of 
New England. 

Young Sidney was trained up on the farm until he 
was nineteen, securing tbe lifst English education 



5fi 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



which could be afforded in the common schools and at 
the Suffield Academy. He then started out to make his 
fortune, coming direct to Illinois. He first located 
in Kane counly, where, for a time he taught school 
while awaiting an opportunity to engage in mercantile 
business. Early in 1854 he obtained a clerkship in the 
wholesale dry-goods house of Savage, Case & Co., of 
Chicago. The city then had a population of o'nlv 
about fifty thousand; but it had become plain that it 
was destined to take the lead as a commercial center. 
Two years later Mr. Kent went into business for him- 
self as a general commission merchant. He pushed 
his business with so much vigor and intelligence that 
he soon acquired a recognized position among the 
prominent commission houses of the city, from which 
he branched out into other and wider fields. He en- 
gaged exten- 
sively in the 
fur trade, mak- 
ing trips into 
the western 
country and 
buying in large 
quantities for 
the New York 
market. In this 
he was asso- 
ciated with his 
elder brother, 
Mr. A. E. Kent. 
In 1859, in com- 
pany with his 
brother he en- 
gaged in the 
beef and pork 
packing busi- 
ness under the 
style of A. E. 
Kent & Co. This 
proved to be a 
profitable ven- 
ture; and after 
thirteen years 
o f successful 
business the 
company was 
reorganized as 
a stock com- 
pany, as the 
Chicago Pack- 
ing and Pro- 
vision Com- 
pany, of which 
Mr. Sidney A. 
Kent was made 
president. This 
too has grown 
until it is to- 
day one of the 
largest in the 
packing busi- 
ness in Chi- 
cago, enjoying 




of the time he has been a director of the Board of 
Trade. In 1869, along with Mr. B. P. Hutchinson and 
others, he organized the Corn Exchange National 
Bank, becoming its first president, which position he 
held for several years. He was also, for many years, 
a director in the American Loan, Trust and Savings 
Bank; and the Kirby Carpenter Company, which has 
large interests in land, lumber and mills on the Men- 
omonee river in Michigan. Upon the organization of 
the Chicago Gas Trust, in 1887, Mr. Kent was made 
president. In 1S91, he assisted in the organization of 
the Natural Gas Company, of Chicago, with a capital 
of $2,500,000. With almost unbounded resources at 
his command, he has a genius for great undertakings 
which are invariably successful. They are compre- 
hensive in their scope, planned with sagacity and car- 
ried out with 
vigor and de- 
liberate judg- 
ment. His as- 
sociates have 
always recog- 
nized his pre- 
eminent abili- 
ties by defer- 
ring to his 
judgment. 

Nor has Mr. 
Kent confined 
himself merely 
to money get- 
ting. He has 
always been a 
munificent pa- 
tron of the 
Chicago Uni- 
versity. The 
Kent Chemical 
Labor atory, 
one of the 
most complete 
in this country 
in all its ap- 
point ments, 
was built from 
a liberal dona- 
tion of $250,000, 
made for that 
purpose by Mr. 
Kent. He has 
also made sev- 
eral other con- 
siderable do- 
nations to the 



same 
tion. 
Mr 
was 
Sept. 
to 
A. 



institu- 



Ken t 

married 

25, 1864, 

Miss Stella 

Lincoln, of 



SIDNEY A. KENT. 



an extensive foreign as well as domestic trade. Mr. 
Kent remained its president until 1888, when, owing 
to his many other interests and duties he resigned 
and accepted the position of vice-president. 

Closely connected with the Chicago Packing and 
Provision Company were the Merchant's and Trad- 
er's Packing and Provision Company, of Nebraska 
City, Neb., and the East St. Louis Packing and Pro- 
vision Company, in both of which Mr. Kent was 
largely interested. During his more than forty years 
in Chicago business he has been a member of the 
Board of Trade: and he has taken a leading part in 
many of the great operations in the grain market 
which have been a marked feature of Chicago's busi- 
ness, especially during the last twenty years. Much 



Newark. New 
Jersey. They 

have two charming daughters as the result of this 

union. 

WILLIAM H. HARPER. 

William H. Harper was born May 4, 1845, in Tippe- 
canoe County, Indiana, the fifth of a family of eight, 
children. In 1851, the family removed to Iroquois 
County, Illinois, and two years later to El Paso, Wood- 
ford County. Its experience was that of all pioneers, 
one calculated to develop hardy qualities and self- 
reliant characters. Young William, along with his 
brothers, worked on the farm in the summer and at- 
tended school at the log school house in the winter. 
In 1864. when nineteen years of age, he enlisted in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



57 



Company B, 145th Illinois Infantry, and served until 
the end of the war. 

On his return from the war he entered Eastman's 
Business College, of Chicago, from which he grad- 
uated in 1865. He then began the live stock and 
grain shipping business at El Paso, where he re- 
mained three years and then removed to Chicago in 
1868. Here he engaged in the grain commission busi- 
ness on the Board of Trade. In 1873. he was ap- 
pointed chief Grain Inspector at Chicago. In 1876, he 
organized the Chicago and Pacific Elevator Company, 
of which he was made treasurer and manager; which 
position he still holds. The company now owns ele- 
vators A and B. 

In 1890, Mr. Harper assisted in the organization of 
the Globe National Bank, of which he was made a 
director. He was elected to the lower house of the 
Illinois Legislature in 1882. He was the author of 
the high license bill which remains the law of the 




WILLIAM H. HARPER. 

state. Many other popular measures were championed 
by him, among them being the law by which fines were 
to be paid over to the treasuries of certain societies, 
such as the Humane society and the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Children. 

In 1895, he took part in the formation of the Chicago 
Southern States Association, to conduct an excursion 
to Atlanta, Ga., to attend the Cotton States Exposi- 
tion, and acted as director of the excursion. 

Mr. Harper is a prominent member of the Board of 
Trade, the Union League, Calumet, Washington Park 
and Hamilton clubs. He is a mason, a K. T. and mem- 
ber of Oriental Consistory, and a member of Plymouth 
Congregational Church. He was married July. 
1867. to Miss Mary J. Perry, of Metamora. Woodford 
County, Illinois. She died September 30, 1884, leaving 
three children, one of whom. Roy. B.. is a member of 
the class of '97 in the United States Military Academy. 
West Point, New York. 

JOHN CUDAHY. 

John Cudahy was born at Callan. County Kilkenny, 
Ireland, November. 1843. His parents removed to 
America in 1849, soon afterward settling at Mil- 



waukee, Wisconsin. Here young John obtained what 
education the schools ever gave him. At fourteen, he 
entered the packing house of Ed. Roddis, where he 
remained until he was nineteen. He now entered the 
employ of John Plankinton, afterward Plankinton & 
Armour. At twenty-one he learned the nursery busi- 
ness, with Thomas Gynne, of Milwaukee, dealing in 
fruit and ornamental trees. Here he spent three 
seasons winning golden opinions from his employer, 
who was satisfied to sell to him the entire plant with 




JOHN CUDAHY. 

only a small payment down. Three years later he 
had paid the debt and saved a comfortable sum over. 
He then sold out and accepted employment under 
Layton & Co., packers, from which he was appointed 
three years later, as provision inspector for Mil- 
waukee. In 1875 he bought an interest in the packing 
house of John Plankinton, but soon removed to Chi-' 
cago, and, with E. D. Chapin, carried on business 
under the name of E. D. Chapin & Co., packers, for 
two years, after which the firm became Chapin & 
Cuhady for about five years longer, when Mr. Chapin 
withdrew and left Mr. Cudahy to form a new firm 
with his brother under the style of Cudahy Bros., 
packers. The firm now owns the largest packing 
house in Milwaukee; an extensive establishment at 
Louisville, Ky., and at Nashville, Tenn. Mr. Cudahy 
has always been noted for his strict business integrity 
and probity. He is married and has reared an inter- 
esting family. 

HARRIS ANSEL WHEELER. 

Harris A. Wheeler was born at Orrington. Maine, 
July 30. 1850. He was educated in the public schools 
until he was seventeen years of age, when he struck 
out for himself. He took a position as bookkeeper 
in a wholesale dry-goods store. In 1869 he went to 
Detroit, but returned to Maine in 1871. He was ap- 
pointed Second Lieutenant in the regular army 
March 4, 1872, resigning his commission in 1874, re- 
eatering mercantile life. In 1878 he was appointed 
financial manager of the Michigan Military Acad- 
emy, at Orchard Lake. In 1880 he came to Chicago 



58 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



and became private secretary to N. K. Fairbank, a 
position he still holds; but his main interests are in 
manufacturing. He is at the head of several impor- 
tant enterprises. 
Mr. Wheeler was appointed upon the military staff 




GEN. H. A. WHEELER. 

of Governor Cullom in July, 1881, and reappointed by 
his successor, Governor Hamilton, and also Governor 
Fifer; was Colonel of the Second Infantry from 
July, 1884, to February, 1890; and is now Brigadier 
General commanding the First Brigade. I. N. G., his 
commission dating from June 24, 1893. 



CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO. 

There is no city in America which makes as great 
use of the telephone as Chicago. The telephone ex- 
change, operated by the Chicago Telephone Company, 
was established in 1880, and since has grown stead- 
ily, until now more than 400,000 people daily talk 
over its lines. This tremendous amount of traffic is 
nearly double that of any other exchange in the coun- 
try, and shows the utility of the telephone in the 
rapid business method and great distances to be cov- 
ered in Chicago. The exchange business is carried 
on in nine different offices located in different parts of 
the city. The main office, in which nearly one-half 
the lines are concentrated, is in the Telephone Build- 
ing at the corner of Franklin and Washington streets, 
and upwards of 5,000 lines are there operated. 

Telephones for the use of subscribers are furnished 
in all modern and well-known forms, the long dis- 
tance office equipment, the long distance desk tele- 
phone, the party line residence telephone, or the pri- 
vate branch exchange used by railroads, manufac- 
turers and others. The telephone which is furnished 
to the subscriber forms the smallest part of what is 
necessary to make up the telephone service given by 
the company. This is shown by the great mileage 
of trunk lines made necessary by the traffic from one 
exchange to another and the amount of apparatus 
and force of operators needed to handle this trunk 
line business. 

The main part of the plant of the Chicago com- 
pany is contained in underground cables, in perma- 
nently placed subways and located underneath the 



principal highways and streets. Constant additions 
are being made to it, and the character of the service 
of the company is maintained at the highest standard. 

Upwards of 13,000 telephones are now operated by 
the company within the city, while in the neighbor- 
ing exchanges operated by the company at Evanston, 
Elgin, Waukegan, Aurora, Joliet and other important 
points within a radius of fifty miles, about 3,000 addi- 
tional telephones are installed. 

The long distance telephone lines of the American 
Telephone & Telegraph Company were extended to 
Chicago from New York in 1892, and are now operated 
in direct connection with the Chicago telephone ex- 
change. The merchant in Chicago, therefore, from 
his own office, can converse, not only with the tele- 
phone subscribers in Chicago and vicinity, but with 
more than 50,000 other telephone subscribers in ex- 
changes reached by long distance lines. 

HERBERT E. BUCKLIN. 

Herbert E. Bucklin, founder of the house of H. E. 
Bucklin & Co., was born at West Winfield, Herkimer 
County, New York, July 19, 1848. He was educated 
mainly in the common schools at his boyhood home 
and at the New York State Academy, which he en- 
tered in 1866. The following year he took a thorough 
course at Bryant and Stratton's Commercial College 
in Chicago. From here he entered his father's drug 
store at Elkhart, Indiana, as a clerk. Here he made a 
special study of drugs, and, in 1869, began the manu- 
facture of patent medicines, in connection with the 
drug business. In 1876 he sold his interests in Elk- 
hart, and, two years later established himself in 
Chicago. There are few who remember Chicago of 




H. E. BUCKLIN'S BUILDING. 

that day who will not recall the sensation produced 
when a brave spirit had the hardihood to rush into 
the maelstrom of financial panic and business dis- 
order to set up a new business. He did just this — 
He founded a business which has grown to vast pro- 
portions; he conquered all the obstacles which lay 
in his way; his genius is stamped upon the city, and 
his name has become a household word in the homes 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



59 



of two continents and whose goods may be found in 
almost all of their drug stores. 

.Mr. Bucklin is the proprietor of four valuable pat- 
ent medicines, which have brought him fame and 
fortune. One is Dr. King's New Discovery tor Con- 
sumption. Coughs and Colds: Bucklin's Arnica Salve, 
Electric Bitters and Dr. King's New Life Pills. He 
also publishes the Druggist, devoted to health, busi- 
ness and science, and to advertise his medicines. He 
expends a hundred thousand dollars annually among 
the leading newspapers throughout the United States 
and territories to advertise the merits of these medi- 
cines. He has been compelled to make constant en- 
largements and additions to his already magnificent 



business building, 
valuable li- 
brary of rare 
and expensive 
works. 

In 1877 Mr. 
Bucklin's mar- 
riage with Miss 
Bertha E., 
daughter of Hon. 
George Redfield. 
of Cass County. 
Mich., was cele- 
brated. Three 
children have 
been born to 
them: Harley R., 
in 1879: Char- 
lotte, in 1883. 
and Herbert E.. 
in 1887. Al- 
though Mr. 
Bucklin is a 
strict business 
man. he never 
forgets to be 
courteous and 
considerate t o 
all who are 
brought in con- 
tact with him. 
He never dreams 
that the fact 
that he has. by 
his own genius, 
established an 
industry' here; 
and led it to a 
high and honor- 
able place in the 
affairs of the 
city, furnishes 
an excuse for 
winning him 
away from the 
manners and 
methods which 
have given him 
his great suc- 
cess, as has been 



In it he has gathered a most 




H. E. BUCKLIN 



the case with so many others On the contrary, he 
has broadened in the spirit of social and commer- 
cial life; opened to his view the duties which are re- 
quired of the successful, and made a man young in 
years old in real usefulness. 

THE CHICAGO EDISON COMPANY. 

The Chicago Edison Company was organized and 
received its franchise from the City of Chicago in the 
spring of 1887. 

The first plant was located at No. 139 Adams Street, 
and an underground system of feeders running from 
this station was laid in the streets of the district 



bounded by Randolph, Van Buren, Franklin and State 
streets. This plant was originally provided with capac- 
ity of 800 horse power, which was thought sufficient for 
the demands at that time. Provision was made, how- 
ever, for increase; and new machinery was installed at 
short intervals until, in 1894, the capacity was 
upwards of 5,000 horse power. Previous to 
this those in charge, in view of the increasing 
demands for electric light and power, and to be ready 
for the load which indications showed might be ex- 
pected, had planned a much larger plant. A site was 
selected on the river bank, near Harrison street, and 
in 1892 the work of construction was begun. 

The plan carried out, and which proved wise, was. 
to conduct electricity from this point by a heavy line 

through a pri- 
vate tunnel be- 
neath the river, 
and thence to 
the Adams 
Street Station, 
from which it 
could be distri- 
buted over the 
existing system 
of feeders and 
mains. Allow- 
ance was made 
for the utmost 
increase in out- 
put which might 
be hoped for in 
a long time. Im- 
proved machin- 
ery of every 
kind was ob- 
tained and at- 
tention given to 
every detail, so 
that this hand- 
some plant, 
as completed, 
stands a monu- 
ment to engi- 
neering and 
archite c t u r a 1 
skill. It is one 
of the finest 
electric light 
and power sta- 
t i o n s in the 
world. Its pres- 
ent capacity is 
sufficient to de- 
velop near 1,000 
horse power, 
and machinery 
for as much 
more can be in- 
stalled in the 
same building. 
In the mean- 
time work was 
in progress i n 
other directions. A smaller district had been 
planned and a station for supplying light to the 
south side residence section had been built on Wa- 
bash Avenue, south of Twenty-sixth Street, feeding 
an underground system which covered the portion 
of the city between Twelfth Street. Lake Michigan. 
Thirty-fifth Street and Wabash Avenue. 

This plant, which, while small in Chicago, in an or- 
dinary city would be considered large, was carrying 
a heavy load; but a project was on foot which was to 
increase the range of the company. An arrangement 
was made by which a plant, located at the river and 
Washington Street, formerly operated by the Chicago 
Arc Light and Power Company, came under the con- 



60 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



trol of the company, and the customers supplied by 
it became customers of the Chicago Edison Co. This 
meant great additions to its already broad field, both 
in volume of business, in systems of distribution and 
in styles of machinery used; for up to this time only 
Edison apparatus of the kind known as low tension 
had been used. By this move systems of high tension 
arc lighting, alternating incandescent lighting and 
500 volt power were acquired. 

This gave the company many customers on the west 
side, where it had hitherto made no advances, to say 
nothing of portions of the north side near the river, 
and some territory on the diagonal streets running 
to the northwest. 

The greater portion of the north side still remained 



The attention of the company has been directed to 
the extension of its underground systems, strengthen- 
ing of its feeder capacity and the gradual interweav- 
ing of the lines of conductors between the districts 
originally separated, so that a few years will see one 
complete interlocked system extending from Thirty- 
ninth street on the south, to Lincoln Park on the 
north, and from the lake far into the residence dis- 
trict of the west side. 

The Chicago Edison Company not only supplies cur- 
rent for light in its two branches of arc and incandes- 
cent, but for power of all kinds, heating devices and 
experimental purposes. It has already obtained and 
is gradually extending a foothold in the demands of 
the Chicago people which can never be displaced. 




DYNAMO ROOM. HARRISON STREET STATION. 



uncovered, but in 1893 a north side plant was de- 
termined upon. The Newberry Library, which would 
surely become a very large consumer of electric light, 
offered a rare opportunity for obtaining a nucleus 
around which a good business could be built up. By 
an arrangement with the trustees ground was secured 
and a compact station built, adjoining the library on 
the north so closely that few realized that it was not 
a portion of the building. From this station the ter- 
ritory from the river to Lincoln Park, and from Wells 
street to the lake is supplied, and many of the resi- 
dences in this section of the city are illuminated with 
incandescent light. 

This plant is a model of its kind, being provided 
with machinery, equally modern with that at the 
Harrison street station. It is the youngest and most 
pampered child of the great corporation. Since its 
erection there has been no necessity for further plants. 



THE AMERICAN BISCUIT CO. 

The American Biscuit & Manufacturing Co. t<~ 
twenty-eight plants in operation in various western 
cities, three of which are located in Chicago. The 
Chicago bakeries are as follows: 

Bremner Bakery, 76 O'Brien street. 

Dake Bakery, Adams and Clinton streets. 

Aldrich Bakery, Green and Randolph streets. 

It is the largest manufacturer of fine biscuits, 
crackers, cakes, and candies in the world. Its older 
branches have fed three generations of consumers, 
and its different brands are recognized as standards 
of purity and excellence. Thrifty housewives are 
substituting the "A. B. C." cakes for "home cooking," 
thereby saving time, money, and worry. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Gl 



THE WESTERN BANK NOTE AND ENGRAVING 
CO. 

This company has had a history for more than 
thirty years. It is said to be the only regular and 
fully equipped bank note company west of New York, 
and the only one outside of that city whose work is 
accepted for listing on the New York Stock Exchange. 
In addition to the steel plate work turned out, the 
company has a large lithographic plant for the exe- 
cution of all kinds of bank and commercial work. 
Among the many handsome specimens shown are 
bonds and stock certificates of railway companies, 
bank notes of the Bank of 
Hamilton, Ontario, diplo- 
mas for the Board of Lady 
Managers of the Columbian 
Exposition, honorary certifi- 
cates for the Field Colum- 
bian Museum, and a mag- 
nificent collection of bank- 
ers' steel plate drafts. The 
work turned out embraces 
every variety of bonds, 
stock certificates, currency 
for foreign countries, bank- 
ers' drafts, portraits, and all 
the various commercial 
forms, which are executed 
in the finest manner from 
steel engraved plates. The 
officers of the company are: 
C. C. Cheney, president; C. 
A. Chapman, vice president 
and treasurer, and Charles 
Heineman, secretary. The 
building which is the home 
of the company is herewith 
shown. 

PHILIP HENRICI, RES- 
TAURATEUR. 

Philip Henrici is one of 
the characters of Chicago. 
No person has seen Chicago 
unless he has visited Hen- 
rici's. For more than twen- 
ty-six years he has been ca- 
tering to the tastes of those 
who know a good thing 
when they see it. For 
twenty years he occupied 
the old stand at 175 and 177 
Madison street, until it be- 
came one of the landmarks 
of the city. About two years 
ago he removed to his pres- 
ent location, 108 and 110 
Randolph street, which was 
fitted up expressly for him, 
under his own supervision. 
This is, without exception, 
pT things considered, the 
finest restaurant in Chicago, 
more costly and expensive, 



the benefit of those who enjoy a good smoke during 
or after their meals. Make a note of "Henrici's, 108 
and 110 Randolph street," and be sure to see it when 
you come, to the city. It is strictly a temperance 
house. No intoxicants are served. 



CHARLES HENRY BUNKER. 

Charles Henry Bunker was born at East Troy, 
Walworth County, Wisconsin, September 22, 1850. 
His grandfather, Gorham Bunker, was one of the 
early pioneers of that State, and Charles Henry's 




WESTERN HANK NOTE C( 



Not that others are not 
but in tasteful arrange- 
ment and artistic decoration it easily leads anything 
else in the city. The location is an ideal one. All 
the cable cars from the North Side pass the doors. 
It is within one square of the City Hall and County 
Court House, and directly opposite the Schiller The- 
ater. The restaurant proper is 40x165 feet, and has a 
seating capacity for 500 persons. Nearly 2,000 per- 
sons are served there, on the average, daily. A new 
feature, the smoking-room, has lately been added for 



IMPARTS BUILDING, CORNER MADISON STREET AND 

MICHIGAN AVENUE. 
father, George Bunker, was born in the Badger State. 
The subject of our sketch was born on a farm, where 
his childhood was spent until he was about six years 
old. About that time his father moved to White- 
water, Wisconsin, and engaged in the lumber busi- 
ness; but in 1862 located at Madison, the State capi- 
tal, where for twenty-five years he continued in the 
same business, during which he acquired a comfort- 
able competency. In that beautiful "City of the 
Lakes" young Bunker took a high school course and 
then entered the Wisconsin State University. Dur- 



62 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



ing his junior year he left the University, however, 
to engage in the lumber- business, and later was one 
of the firm of Bunker & Shepherd, who conducted a 
general merchandise store at Oregon, Wisconsin. 

In 1874 Mr. Bunker assisted in building a railroad 
from Ottawa to Burlington, Kansas. He conducted 
the enterprise successfully, opening up coal mines 
and completing the road. In 1877 he returned to Chi- 
cago and formed a partnership with Mr. A. A. Ab- 
bott in the business of handling farm machinery, 
wagons and carriages at wholesale. Later the firm 
became the well-known Abbott Buggy Co., of Chi- 
cago, of which Mr. Bunker was secretary and treas- 
urer for about a dozen years. After building one of 
the largest carriage factories in the world, which em- 
ployed between five and six hundred men, and after 
having manufactured over 100.000 wheeled vehicles 
for service in all parts of the world, the business was 
sold to a syndicate, whereupon Mr. Bunker retired 




CHAS. H. BUNKER. 

from its active management and became the secretary 
and manager of the Metropolitan Accident Associa- 
tion of Chicago, which position he has since held, 
and in the management of which his usual success 
has attended him. 

Mr. Bunker was married in 1873 at Oregon, Wis- 
consin, to Miss Helen Abbott. They have three 
promising children: A daughter, Genevieve, born in 
Wisconsin, two sons, the eldest, Gerald, born in 
Kansas, and the youngest, Arthur Stuart, born in 
Illinois. 

Mr. Bunker is widely known among business 
men. He is universally regarded as a man of ster- 
ling integrity and of the highest character. He has 
been an active factor in the business life of Chicago, 
and is known for that ability and tenacity of pur- 
pose which so potentially contributes to success; 
especially in the Middle and Western States his busi- 
ness connections have made him favorably known 
in almost every town and city, his enterprises being 
material benefit to them. Physically Mr. Bun- 
ker is a man of fine physique, standing six feet and 
two inches in height, and weighs two hundred 
pounds. 

He is socially one of the most genial and companion- 
able of men, and the circle of his friends is large and 



ever increasing. In politics he is an Independent, 
with Democratic leanings, and in religion a man of 
liberal humanitarian views, taking a broad and char- 
itable view of life, and is a practical helper of his 
fellowmen, noted for his kindness of heart and unos- 
tentatious benevolence. 



A. BOOTH PACKING CO. 

Mr. Alfred Booth, of Chicago, was born in Glas- 
tonbury, England. He came to America forty-seven 
years ago when at the age of twenty-three. In the 
winter of 1850, he started buying the lake fish from 
the fishermen here and shipping them throughout the 
smaller towns in Illinois. From this small begin- 
ning has grown the enormous business of the A. 
Booth Packing Company, a corporation having a 
paid-up capital of one million dollars and a surplus 
of as much more. 

The company has branch houses in all the 
principal cities of the country, where its canned goods 
are known and sold in almost every civilized coun- 
try on the face of the earth. The company owns ex- 
tensive fisheries on the lakes, oyster beds on the 
eastern coasts, salmon canneries on the Columbia 
River, fruit canneries in California, also fruit, vege- 
table and oyster packing houses in Baltimore and 
elsewhere; its own boats and steamers on the 
Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the chain of Great Lakes, 
Gulf of Mexico, and up on Lake Winnipeg, also re- 
frigerating cars and other important adjuncts to the 
proper and successful working of a business involv- 
ing immense detail. 

Few names are more deservedly well known 
throughout the United States than Mr. Booth's. His 
enterprise in making the succulent oyster available 
everywhere that railways reach has made his name 
familiar as a household word. 

When the first trans-continental railway was com- 
pleted. Mr. Booth dispatched, by the first train, sev- 
eral cars laden with oysters through to California 
and the West; and, in like manner, he has always 




A. BOOTH PACKING CO.'S BUILDING. 

been in the van of enterprise and progress. Where- 
ever business is to be done, even prospectively, in 
the numerous rapidly increasing centers of population, 
there the firm is ready to establish a depot to supply 
the local demand, these ventures, as a rule, proving 
profitable to themselves as well as highly beneficial 
to the inhabitants. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



63 



THE CHICAGO VARNISH COMPANY. 

This company was established in 1865; and, as will 
be seen, has been an active factor in the business of 
the city for more than thirty years. In 1889 it built 
the most complete varnish works in this country, the 
plant covering four acres of ground, with offices in 
New York, Boston and Philadelphia, as well as in 
Chicago. While the business of the concern is purely 
the manufacture and sale of its staples, those staples 
are so intimately connected with the decorative arts 
that it is quite natural to find it promoting art in 
some practical manner; but the way it has chosen 
to do that is certainly unique. When it came to 
erect an office building in Chicago, for its own use, 
it selected a style 
of architecture as r 
quaint, and withal 
as pleasing as it is 
rare. It is said to 
be the only busi- 
ness block in this 
country of the pure, 
classic Dutch type. 
It is a building 
which would be 
singled out for its 
beauty anywhere, 
even among struc- 
tures costing ten 
times as much. It 
is so refreshing to 
look upon; such a 
startling departure 
from the hack- 
neyed and common- 
place so prevalent 
in all our great 
cities, that we here- 
with give an illus- 
tration of it. It is 
45x90 feec, built of 
dark red brick 
trimmed with Bed- 
ford sandstone, with 
a red tile roof. A 
clock in the two 
corners over the 
main entrance con- 
siderably heightens 
the effect and sets 
off the general de- 
sign. 

GEORGE 
SCHNEIDER. 

George Schneider 
was born in Pirmaseus, Rhenish Bavaria, December 
13, 1823. He received his early education in the 
schools of his native place. At twenty-one, Mr. 
Schneider engaged in journalism, and became an ac- 
tive revolutionist against Bavarian rule. At twenty- 
five, in the revolution of 1848, he was a Commissioner 
of the Provincial Republican Government of the 
Palatinate, and was under the death penalty pro- 
nounced at that time, whi ~.i the Bavarian Legisla- 
ture removed in 1866. Mr. Schneider came to Amer- 
ica in 1849, an." published a German daily at St. Louis, 
entitled "Die Neue Zeit." In 1851 he removed to Chi- 
cago, and established the Illinois "Staats Zeitung." 
He was one of the organizers of the Republican party. 
He was a member of the National Republican con- 
vention of 1856, which nominated Fremont for presi- 
dent, and of the convention of 1860, at Chicago, which 
nominated Abraham Lincoln. He was an elector at 




CHICAGO VARNISH COMPANY'S 

AVENUE AND 



large from Illinois at the election of James A. Gar- 
field. In 1S76 he was appointed minister to Switzer- 
land by President Hayes. At the outbreak of the 
war, Mr. Schneider was appointed consul to Den- 
mark. In the fall of 1864, in fulfillment of his mis- 
sion, he went to Hamburg, Bremen and Copenhagen, 
and assisted in changing public sentiment in favor of 
the Union. Mr. Schneider was an active member of 
the "Union Defense Committee," of 1861, in whose 
charge the city subscription fund for the equipment 
of volunteers, and the support of their families, was 
placed. After his return from Denmark he was ap- 
pointed collector of internal revenue, by President 
Lincoln, the first in Illinois. When his term expired 
he was elected president of the State Savings Insti- 
tution, and re- 
, tained his interest 
therein until 1871, 
when he organized 
and was made 
president of the 
National Bank of 
Illinois. He has 
for several years 
been the president 
of the Bankers' 
Club of Chicago. 
Mr. Schneider was 
a director of the lo- 
cal board of the 
World's Columbian 
Exposition, and a 
member of the 
committee on ways 
and means and the 
committee on press 
and printing, both 
being important 
committees. 

ROBERT LAW. 
Mr. Robert Law 
was born in York- 
shire, England, 
February 15, 1822. 
He remained at 
home on the farm 
until he was twen- 
ty-one; but he 
started for America 
the day he attained 
to his majority. He 
bought a farm in 
Cecil County, Mary- 
land, where he lived 
for five years. He 
was then obliged 
to return to England to dispose of property which 
came to him by the death of his father. On his return 
the following year he came west and located in St. 
Louis, engaging in steam boating between that city 
and Cincinnati. After two years he sold out and en- 
gaged in the business of railroad construction, from 
St. Louis on the Merrimack. He then took a con- 
tract on the Illinois Central, from Freeport to Du- 
buque, 70 miles, and was also interested in 44 miles 
on the same road from Ramsey's Creek to Cen- 
tralia. When he had finished these contracts, he, 
with others, sunk a coal shaft at La Salle and formed 
the Illinois Coal and Iron Company. After oper- 
ating this successfully for five years, he again sold 
out, in order to devote himself to the sale of anthra- 
cite coal, which he had already begun. It was from 
his mines at La Salle that the first fuel coal was 
sent to Chicago in quantities. And, moreover, it was 



BUILDING, CORNER DEARBORN 
KINZIE STREET. 



64 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



when the anthracite coal business of Chicago was in 
its infancy that Mr. Law went into it. The annual 
consumption of Chicago and the west only amounted 
to 15,000 tons. This was in 1856. Since that time the 
business has grown to enormous proportions. Mr. 
Law has been closely identified with it during all the 
time since — for forty years. During all that time he 
has been an important factor in the growth and busi- 
ness prosperity of the city. 

MARTIN B. MADDEN. 

The universally accepted test of merit is the suc- 
cess that crowns the effort of the individual; and 
measured by this standard the highest distinction 
should be con- 
f e r r e d upon 
Martin B. Mad- 
den, alderman 
from the Fourth 
Ward. He is 
Chairman of the 
Finance Com- 
mittee of the 
City Council, ac- 
knoV ledge d 
leader of his 
party in the lat- 
ter body and in 
Cook County. 
and president of 
the Western 
Stone Company, 
the largest cor- 
poration of its 
kind in Amer- 
ica. 

The extraor- 
dinary career of 
Mr. Madden is 
one of those re- 
markable i n- 
stances some- 
times heard of 
in romance, but 
rarely met with 
in real life. He 
was born of 
poor and hum- 
ble par e n t s, 
John and Eliza 
Madden, in Dar- 
lington, Eng- 
land, March 20. 
1855, and was 
brought by 
them to Amer- 
ica in 1859. The 
family settled 
in Chicago, and 
from his sixth 
to his tenth year 

Mr. Madden at- M. B. 

tended school. 

never missing a single day. He then began work 
in the stone quarries at Lemont, 111., of which he is 
now the distinguished head, and continued in the 
employ of the owner, Mr. Edwin Walker, for eleven 
years, rising from water carrier to general man- 
ager and chief draughtsman. 

Severing his connection at this time with Mr. 
Walker, he became superintendent of the Enterprise 
Stone Company, and when, eight years later, this or- 
ganization consolidated with several other companies 
as the Chicago Building Stone Co., he accepted the 
position of financial manager of the corporation. In 
1886 the Joliet and Crescent companies combined un- 



der the name of the Joliet Stone Company, with Mr. 
Madden as vice president and general manager. Six 
years later this company consolidated with the West- 
ern Stone Company, and Mr. Madden was made its 
vice president, and January 16, 1895, at the annual 
meeting of the stockholders he was elected president. 
In addition to his stone interests Mr. Madden is 
treasurer of the Cable Building & Loan Association, 
a stockholder and director in the Garden City Bank- 
ing & Trust Company, stockholder in the Commercial 
Loan & Trust Company, and is associated with nu- 
merous other well known and successful enterprises. 
He is a member of the Sheridan, Concordia and 
Twelve Forty-five clubs, the Ancient Order of United 
Workmen, the Royal Arcanum, the Independent Or- 
der of Forest- 
ers, the Nation- 
al Union, and 
to other social 
orders; and in 
all of them he 
is popular and 
influential. 

May 16, 1878. 
Mr. Madden 
was married to 
Miss Josephine 
Smart, of Down- 
er's Grove, 111., 
and one child, 
Mabel Bell, ten 
years old, has 
been born of 
this marriage. 

Mr. Madden is 
a man distinct- 
ly of the peo- 
ple and with 
them. He has 
in no sense been 
lifted up of his 
success, but is 
as approachable 
and sympathet- 
ic as in the 
olden days 
when he labor- 
ed in the quar- 
ries. Closely in 
touch with the 
people he un- 
derstands their 
needs and has 
the intelligence 
to devise that 
which will best 
meet their 
wants. His man- 
agement of the 
extensive a f- 
fairs of the city 
as Chairman of 
MADDEN. the Finance 

Committee, has 
been characterized by the same economic measures 
he has evinced in the direction of the business of his 
company and of his own private affairs. He is hon- 
est, straightforward, active, energetic, a tireless 
worker and a true friend, quick in conception and 
in action, possessed of exceptional organizing tact 
and executive force. Having the advantage of youth, 
with great experience and sound judgment, he is a 
leader who directs to greater results, and his future 
is one of infinite promise. Yet a young man, scarcely 
forty, honored and trusted by all who know him, he 
may properly expect his fellow-citizens to call him 
to much higher stations than any he has filled here- 




BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



65 



tofore. Whatever his future, the record he has al- 
ready made confirms the confidence of his friends that 
he will worthily discharge any trust, however great, 
that may be given into his keeping. 



ADOLPH KARPEN. 

We herewith present a portrait of one of the repre- 
sentative business men of Chicago. Mr. Adolph Kar- 
pen, born in Germany in 1860, came to this country 
when only twelve years of age; and. in 1880. united 
with his two brothers. Oscar and Soloman. to form 
the firm of S. Karpen & Bros., in the manufacture 
of upholstered goods. The firm now employs from 
400 to 450 people and turns out more upholstered 
goods than any similar concern in America. It re- 




ADOLPH KARPEN. 

ceived tin- highest awards at the World's Fair and 
universal praise from the trade for the excellency 
of its product. 

Mr. Karpen is a member of the Chicago Athletic 
Association: president of the Chicago Furniture 
Manufacturers' Association; belongs to the Masonic 
fraternity and is respected by all who are brought 
in contact with him. He has a large and growing 
circle of enthusiastic friends. 



JACOB FORSYTH 

Jacob Forsyth came to Chicago from Ireland in 
1857, to engage in the railroad business, having been 
born in that country in 1821. With unbounded faith 
in tlii> future of Chicago. Mr. Forsyth, in 1866. pur- 
chased 10.000 acres of land in Lake County. Indiana. 
many miles south of the city. In 1881 he sold 8,000 
acres of this tract to the East Chicago Improvement 
Company, the land at that time having become ex- 
tremely valuable. The present Canal & Improve- 
ment Company came into possession in 1887. In 1881. 
Mr. Forsyth bought another large tract near his 
former purchase. The immense refining works of the 
Standard Oil Company, at Whiting, stand on a por- 
tion ol this land, Mr. Forsyth's sound judgment in 



real estate matters has practically vindicated itself in 
an extremely profitable manner. Mr. Forsyth married 
Miss Caroline M. Clarke, of Fayette County, Penn- 
sylvania, a sister of General H. F. Clarke, of the 
United States Army, and is the happy father of nine 
children, five of whom are boys and four girls. 



DANIEL B. ROBINSON. 

Daniel B. Robinson was born at St. Albans, Ver- 
mont, in 1847, and entered the railway service at 
eleven years of age, rising through almost every grade 
from a freight clerk on the Central Vermont Rail- 
road up to president of the St. Louis & San Francisco 
Railroad Company, a position which he now holds. 
Here is a typical instance where steady application 
and faithful service has brought a steady and per- 
manent promotion just in proportion to the length of 
service. The railroads of the country are always 
on the lookout for those who. by faithful and efficient 
service, make themselves worthy of promotion; and 
such need not to lack for employment. 



FRANK T. FOWLER. 

Mr. Frank T. Fowler, although one of Chicago's 
young men, has attained a reputation and fame 
which many an older one may well envy. He was 
born at Beverly. Ohio, in 1866. He early displayed a 




FRANK T FOYVT.F.R. 

love of mechanics and an aptitude for invention. He 
came to Chicago at twenty years of age and accepted 
the first situation that offered, although it paid only 
$4.50 per week. He afterward obtained a situation 
with The Crane Elevator Company, where he re- 
mained for three years, eventually abandoning it to 
engage in the manufacture of bicycles. Here his 
natural genius for invention was turned to good ac- 
count. His truss frame has become famous through- 
out the world. The Fowler wheel is a marvel of 
strength and beauty. Its success has been second to 
none in the market. The sextuplet wheel, built by 
the Fowler Manufacturing Company, is a complete 



66 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



demonstration of the superiority of the Fowler truss 
frame over all others. 

CHAS. KAESTNER & CO. 

This is one of the oldest and most responsible ma 
chinery houses in the city. The firm was established 
in 1S63; has grown with the growth of the city, and 
ships its product to all parts of the world. It manu- 
factures machinery for breweries, malt houses, distil- 
leries, starch works, glucose works, sugar refineries 




CHAS. KAt 



CO.'S BUILDING. 



and other manufacturing interests. We present here- 
with an illustration of its magnificent building, built 
with special reference to the needs of the firm. It is 
situated on Jefferson street, south of Van Buren and 
runs through to Law avenue, covering an area of 45,- 
000 square feet. It is equipped throughout with elec- 
tric power and light and is. beyond question, one of 
the most complete plants in the country. Messrs. 
Kaestner & Co. make a specialty of complete plants, 
including buildings guaranteeing capacities and costs. 
Parties requiring the services of experts in their line 
will do well to correspond with them. 

GEORGE M. HARVEY. 

George M. Harvey, of the firm of George M. Harvey 
& Co., was born at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, of 
English and Scotch parents: and was educated at 
Phillip's Academy. He entered the insurance office 
of Rounds & Hall, Buffalo, at fourteen. He came to 
Chicago in 1870 and engaged with S. M. Moore & Co.. 
founding his present firm about 1882. It represents 
the following companies: Mutual Fire Insurance 
Company of New York, Globe Fire Insurance Com- 
pany of New York, L. & L. & G. Insurance Company 
of England, Palatine Insurance Company of Manches- 



ter, England, Mercantile Fire and Marine Insurance 
Company of Massachusetts. Mr. Harvey is manager 
for the Western Department of the Mutual Fire In- 
surance Company of New York. 

PETER E. STUDEBAKER. 

Peter E. Studebaker, second vice president, treasurer 
and general manager of the great Studebaker Bros. 
Manufacturing Company, was born in Ashland Coun- 
ty, Ohio, from whence his parents removed, in his in- 
fancy, to South Bend, Indiana. Peter's early advan- 
tages were limited. While his brothers were attend- 
ing school or learning a trade, Peter was his mother's 
errand boy. Then he set out from home to make his 
own way. He spent a year as clerk in a small store 




PETER E. STUDEBAKER. 

for $25. and in the time managed to save a dollar. 
From this he started out as a peddler. While his 
father and brothers were laying the foundation of the 
great manufacturing enterprise at South Bend, Peter 
was developing other qualities which were to prove 
just as important. He was learning practical business, 
which became an element of vast power in the final 
success of the South Bend institution. It was finally 
through the executive ability manifested by Peter thai 
the Studebaker works became world famous. 

Peter E. Studebaker is now a recognized leader 
among the large body of American manufacturers. 
Since he has been a resident of Chicago he has tak 
a great interest in local charities. He has been 
staunch friend of the Waif's Mission and has contrib 1 * 
uted to many other eleemosynary institutions; so that 
he has come to be known as one of the largest hearted 
and most generous men of Chicago, one whose heart is 
always open to the cry of the needy. 

THE STUDEBAKER BUILDING. 

MICHIGAN AVENUE 

It stands upon an area of 107x171 feet. The first 
two stories (the building being eight stories high) is 
of Syenite granite, from the quarries in Missouri. 
From the third story up it is composed of Bedford 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



67 



stone, and is in modern architecture as fine a facade 
as can well be designed. The structure presents a 
massive appearance. There are two polished columns 




THE STUDEBAKER BUILDING, MICHIGAN AVENUE BE- 
TWEEN VAN BUREN AND CONGRESS STREETS. 

at the large entrance resting on pedestals measuring 
each nearly four feet in diameter, and twenty-two feet 
high. The ground floor has, so to speak, a glass front. 
The interior, so far as pertains to finish and decora 
tion, is in excellent harmony with the building; there 



keepers, telephone chamber and private consultation 
rooms, the shipping and entry clerks' offices, the main 
part of this floor being employed as the repository of 
their several styles of carriages, coaches, victorias, 
landaus, carts and vehicles. 

SOUTH BEND, 1ND. 

The firm of Studebaker Bros.' Manufacturing Co. 
began business in a small shop in 1852. A few tools 
and $68 in cash constituted its capital. During the 
first year the output amounted to two wagons. The 
annual product now is about fifty thousand vehicles. 
The growth was at first slow. Twelve years found 
them making a few wagons, but struggling for recog- 
nition abroad. In 1857. a contract for wagons for the 
use of the United States troops in Utah gave them 
their first strong impetus. The company was incor- 
porated in 1868; and the force of workmen increased 
year by year, by natural accretions, until those em- 
ployed at home and at the various branches reached 
a total of 1,860 men. 

While the construction of vehicles by the Stude- 
bakers was at first confined to wagons, they very early 
engaged also in carriage making, especially of the me- 
dium and high grades. The works are employed in 
the production of all the leading kinds of vehicles, em- 
bracing every variety in common use, for pleasure or 
road driving, from the state landau of a president, 
down. In wagons, every variety in demand, for the 
farm, the mountain, the mine, the plain, and for busi- 
ness use in cities, are here turned out. A very im- 
portant branch is also the manufacture of street 
sprinklers, for which the Studebaker Company has 
become known the country over. 

• THE NEW STUDEBAKER BUILDING. 

WABASH AVENUE. CHICAGO. 

The building fronts 120 feet on Wabash avenue, and 
has a depth to the alley of 170 feet, and is ten stories 
and basement in height. To properly support a struc- 







THE STl'DEBAKEI! WORKS. SOUTH HEND. 



is nothing cheap about it; the walls and ceilings are 
all hand plastered and ornamented in latest designs. 
The floors are all of hard wood, polished and finished 
in the best manner. On the north side of the build- 
ing is an arch passageway, which allows a side en- 
trance to the office and first floor. On this floor are 
also the offices of the company, the cashier, book- 



ture of its weight, great care was bestowed upon its 
foundation. Heavy piles 45 feet long were driven down 
to hard-pan to a depth of 61 feet below the street 
level, and cut off 16 feet below grade and capped with 
timber grillage below city datum and lowest sewer 
point. Upon the grillage the heavy stone foundation 
wall and piers were started. 



68 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



The front is a very graceful and ornamental design, 
in French Gothic, and built entirely of white terra 
cotta and plate glass. The important consideration of 
light has been the governing influence in the design. 

The structure is of steel beams and steel Z bar col- 



jj„ r '■_:•„■ •.. .'.,■' ,•, A 




THE NEW STUDEBAKER BUILDING, WABASH AVE.. 
CHICAGO. 

umns, all embedded in brick, concrete and fireproof 
tile. The floor systems are of advanced type, heavy 
oteel wires are strung from end to end of building on 
the suspension-bridge principle, and Portland cement 
concrete is laid between the steel beams, thoroughly 
encasing them, and supported by the steel wires. 




RESIDENCE OP MR. CLEM STUDEBAKER AT SOUTH 
BEND. 

This house, in its proportions and appointments, 
probably surpasses anything in Indiana. The material 
is native cobble stone, irregular in form and varied in 



color. It stands upon a natural elevation, surrounded 
by smoothly shaved lawns, which slope to the north 
and east, and are broken here and there by beds of 
brilliant flowers. There are several fine old oaks to 
the south and east. With its massive walls, its tur- 
rets, and the irregular roof, it looks like some feudal 
castle which has been set down in the midst of a busy 
nineteenth century town: and yet it produces no effect 
of incongruity. 

CHARLES H. WACKER. 

Charles H. Wacker was born in Chicago in 1856. 
He received his education in the public and high 
schools of this city, attending the Lake Forest Acad- 
emy, and, for several terms, a business college. He 
studied music at the conservatory at Stuttgart; and 
attended lectures at the University of Geneva, in 




CHAS. H. WACKER. 

Switzerland. He began business life as an office boy 
with Moeller & Co., of Chicago, in the grain com- 
mission business. In 1880, he was taken into partner- 
ship bv his father in the malting business, under the 
style of F. Wacker & Son. In 1882, the Wacker & 
Birk Brewing and Malting Company was organized, of 
which Charles H. Wacker became secretary and treas- 
urer. In 1884, he was elected president and treasurer, 
which he has held ever since. 

He was nominated in 1888 on the Democratic ticket 
for State treasurer. He has been tendered many posi- 
tions of trust and honor, but has always declined to 
enter politics, on account of the pressure of private 
business. 

He is a director in the Corn Exchange Bank, the 
Chicago Title and Trust Company, the Western Stone 
Company, Germania Safe Deposit Company, and 
president of the Chicago Heights Land Association. 
He is a member of the Athletic Association, the Art 
Institute, the Turn Gemeinde, and several German 
singing societies, besides being a member of the Iro- 
quois, Waubansee, Union League, Germania, Union. 
Bankers', Fellowship, and German Press Clubs. 

Mr. Wacker married Miss Otillie M. Glade, on May 
10. 18S7, and has two sons — Frederick G. and Charles 
H. He is a gentleman of deserved popularity with all 
classes and a prominent figure in the best develop- 
ment of his native city. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



69 



ADOLPH SCHOENINGER. 

Adolph Schoeninger, President of the Home Rattan 
Company and formerly President of the Western 
Wheel Works, may be taken as a fair type of the selt- 
made man of Chicago. He was born at Wiel, one of 
the old free cities of Schwaben, on January 20. 1833. 
He received a liberal education in his native country, 
passing through the high schools, from whence he 
entered a large dry-goods house conducted by his 
uncle, David Gall, of Rastadt, Baden. Here he was 
entered as an apprentice, but proving his worth by 
his work, he rapidly rose to the position of head sales- 
man. Here he was enabled to obtain an insight 
into business correspondence, bookkeeping, and oth- 
e r branches o f 
mercantile life. 
Of all this he 
availed himself 
eagerly ; and 
when, after seven 
years of service, 
he resigned his 
position, he con- 
sidered himself 
thoroughly pro- 
ficient in all 
branches of mer- 
cantile affairs. 

During Mr. 
S c h o e n inger's 
residence in Ba- 
den, Brent ano 
was named Dic- 
tator, and our 
young merchant 
witnessed the 
court-martial and 
execution by the 
Prussians, after 
they had taken 
possession, of a 
number of meu 
innocent of any 
crime save their 
failure to free 
their people of 
the oppressors. 
This produced 
such an impres- 
sion upon his 
mind that be de- 
termined to emi- 
grate to America. 
In 1854, in com- 
pany with a 
younger brother, 
Mr. Schoeninger 
set out. He came 
to Philadelphia. 

where he found ADOLPH SC 

employment i n 

various business houses until 1857, when he started 
in business for himself. In this he was prosperous. 
which gave him entre into many of the German socie- 
ties of both social and benevolent character, where he 
soon became prominent. At the breaking out of the 
late Civil War, he was offered command of a com- 
pany in the Seventy-fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania 
Volunteers, which he accepted. Here he rendered 
gallant service until 1864, when he returned to Phila- 
delphia, only to find himself penniless. 

He now decided to locate in the West, and came 
to Chicago, and obtained employment with Albert 
Pick, in the ehinawre business, where he remained 
for one year. He then started a small furniture fac- 



tory on Desplaines street; but this was destroyed by 
fire a year later. In the fall of 1866, Mr. Schoeninger 
took charge, on his own account, of a factory previ- 
ously run by Vergho, Ruhling & Co., for the manu- 
facture of toys, baby carriages, etc. Under his manage- 
ment it steadily increased until the great fire of 1871, 
which laid everything in ashes, including a new fac- 
tory which had just been completed. As his insur- 
ance had all been placed in home companies, he lost 
all, because the magnitude of the fire was enough to 
destroy them all. Mr. Schoeninger again faced dis- 
aster, as he had so often done before, with an un- 
daunted courage. He had made for himself a reputa- 
tion for honesty and integrity which was now of 
value. A banking firm in Europe, knowing his rep- 
utation, offered 
him financial as- 
sistance, with 
which he rebuilt 
his factories and 
had his engines 
running again 
January 1, 1872. 
in less than three 
months. The fol- 
lowing February 
he made his first 
shipment. Since 
then his success 
has been phe- 
nomenal. Within 
three years he 
had repaid h i s 
creditors from 
before the fire, 
and within ten 
years he had re- 
paid every dollar 
borrowed for the 
rebuilding of his 
works. He had 
also made exten- 
sive enlarge- 
ments, which 
have gone on 
since, until the 
Western Wheel 
Works has come 
to be the largest 
wheel manufac- 
tory in the United 
States. It em- 
ploys 1.500 men. 
mostly in the 
manufacture of 
bicycles, of which 
it turns out 350 
per day. It re- 
cently made one 
shipment of one 
HOENINGER. solid trainload of 

fifteen cars, load- 
ed solely with bicycles, from the Western Wheel 
Works to its general store in New York, the shipment 
representing over $100,000 in value. 

Mr. Schoeninger has now transferred his interests 
in the Western Wheel Works to his sons-in-law, and has 
retired from this part of the business which he has 
built up. 

In 1893. Mr. Schoeninger established the Home 
Rattan Co.. for the manufacture of baby car- 
riages, chairs, toy furniture, and other reed and rat- 
tan goods. This has also met with the usual 
success that has attended Mr. Schoeninger's other 
ventures. He has since added the manufacture of 
juvenile bicycles, which now makes such a demand 




70 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



upon the company's resources that it is found almost 
impossible to meet that demand. In all his great 
work, he is assisted by his nephew, Louis, and Henry 
Riehmann and the superintendent of the factory, Mr. 
Henry Henneberg, an old-time associate in business 
with Mr. Schoeninger. 

Mr. Schoeninger was married August 20, 1857, to 
Miss Augusta Riehmann, of Philadelphia. They had 
three children — one son and two daughters. One mar- 
ried daughter and the son died. In the loss of his son 
Mr. Schoeninger suffered the greatest disappointment 
of his life. He had hoped that he would succeed him 
iu his business and perpetuate his name. His loss has 
rendered him well-nigh inconsolable. He has now 
transferred his hopes and affections to his little 
grandson, Adolph Schoeninger, the child of his son. 
The remaining daughter, the wife of Richard Boer- 
icke, of the Western 
Wheel Works, also has a 
son, who shares, in a 
large measure, the affec- 
tions of his grandfather. 

B. F. JACOBS. 

Mr. B. P. Jacobs for 
many years has been one 
of the foremost real-es- 
tate men of the city. His 
firm is agent for the 
new Atwood Building, 
and is a large dealer in 
and subdivider of Chi- 
cago property. 

Mr. Jacobs came to Chi- 
cago in 1854, and immedi- 
ately identified himself 
most actively with the 
business interests of the 
city, as well as various 
lines of benevolent and 
patriotic work. His abil- 
ities have not only given 
him a goodly measure of 
business success, but have 
made him an honored 
leader in movements of 
world-wide interest and 
importance. 

ISAAC N. CAMP, 

Isaac N.Camp was born 
in Elmore, Lamoille 
County, Vermont, Decem- 
ber 19, 1831. He is the 
son of Abel and Charlotte 
(Taplin) Camp, both of 
whom were natives of the 

Green Mountain State. He RESIDENCE OF 

prepared for college at Bakersfield Academy, Ver- 
mont, paying for his board by teaching music. At the 
age of twenty he entered the University of Vermont, 
and earned in his spare time the money required to 
meet his current expenses. After four years he grad- 
uated with the class of 1856. He was then offered and 
accepted a position as assistant principal in the Barre 
Academy. Here he remained, teaching mathematics 
and music, until 1860, when he became principal of the 
high school at Burlington, Vermont, a position which 
he filled until his removal to Chicago, in 1868, form- 
ing a partnership with Mr. H. L. Story, under the style 
of Story & Camp. This partnership continued until the 
spring of 18S4. when the Estey Organ Company pur- 
chased Mr. Story's interest in the business, and the 



firm became Estey & Camp, under which style it con- 
tinued until it was incorporated. The business was 
commenced with a small capital, but by energy, per- 
severence, and enterprise the firm became one of the 
most substantial and reputable in the city of Chicago; 
and, at the time of Mr. Story's withdrawal, its capital 
exceeded half a million dollars, he receiving as his 
portion two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The 
capital of the firm to-day amounts to something over 
one million dollars. 

Mr. Camp was always prominently connected 
with public enterprises, long being a director in the 
Chicago Theological Seminary, and of the Chicago 
Guarantee Life Association, and also of the Royal 
Safety Deposit Company. In April, 1891, he was 
elected a director of the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion, and was a member of its Committee on Agri- 




ADOLI'il SCHOENINGER, 1830 MELROSE STREET. 

culture and Liberal Arts, ably assisting its work. 

Mr. Camp has traveled extensively with his family, 
both in Europe and the United States. In personal ap- 
pearance he was of medium height, with fair complex- 
ion and of robust physique. He had a pleasing pres- 
ence and address, and was social and genial in man- 
ner. He was a man of generous impulses, and con- 
tributed generously to church, charitable and benevo- 
lent enterprises. The architect of his own fortunes, 
he built up a large and solid business; and, as a citi- 
zen of Chicago, he was always deservedly popular and 
highly esteemed. 

Mr. Camp died at Lake Geneva. Wisconsin, his 
summer home, on Sunday morning, July 12, 1896. His 
death was so sudden and unexpected that it pro- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



71 



duced a severe shock to his family and a wide circle 
of loving friends. He had been boat riding on the 
lake on Saturday morning, when he was attacked with 
severe pains in the stomach. These continued all day. 
At 11 P. M. he retired, hoping that sleep would restore 
him. At 3 A. M., on Sunday, anxious friends thought 
to see how he was resting, and found him cold in 
death. 

Mr. Camp was a member of Union Park Congrega- 



for Illinois. This he again resigned in 18S9 to accept 
the general management of the western business of 
the Manhattan Life Insurance Company. By the same 




I. N. CAMP. 

tional Church and president of its board of trustees. 
He was also a member of many social clubs and 
benevolent organizations. He was married January 
1, 1862, to Miss Flora M. Carpenter, daughter of Hon. 
Carlos Carpenter, of Barre, Vermont. Three of the 
four children born of the union are still living: Mrs. 
M. A. Farr, a daughter; the oldest son, Edward N., and 
the youngest. William Carpenter Camp. 

WINFIELD NEWELL SATTLEY. 

Winfield N. Sattley, the general Western manager 
of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company, whose 
portrait is herewith shown, is recognized among in- 
surance men as a man of conspicuous ability, so 
marked as to make him a leader in his business. He 
is eminently a self-made man. Whatever he has 
achieved has been by his own native energy and in- 
domitable perseverance. He started a poor boy, with 
no fortune but his own sterling qualities. He has won 
his way in spite of every difficulty. He was born in 
Vermont; obtained only a meagre schooling and be- 
gan the study of the law. In order to earn the money 
to prosecute his studies he took a position with the 
Vermont Life Insurance Company; but young Sattley 
applied himself so diligently and acquitted himself so 
well that, instead of his position being temporary, it 
became, in a measure, permanent. In 1881 he was sent 
to Chicago by the company as general agent for Illi- 
nois. Here he attracted the attention of other com- 
panies on the lookout for men of talent; and he was 
appointed general agent of the Massachusetts Mutual 
in 1884, a position which he held for three years. He 
was then offered and accepted a position as superin- 
tendent of agencies of the New York Life Company 




W. N. SATTLEY. 

zeal and energy which he has always displayed in 
other cases, he has been enabled to largely increase 
the business of the company, notwithstanding all the 
unfavorable conditions of general business. 



r v 


■4' 


( / 


~ 


■ 


■ 








tk 


r 


Ik 



J. M. W. JONES. 

Mr. J. M. W. Jones, the master spirit in the J. M. 
W. Jones Stationery and Printing Company, was born 
in Hoosack, Rensselaer County. New York, January 



72 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



22, 1821. He has been a resident of Chicago since 
1857, and during the whole period since has been 
identified with the printing and stationery business. 

THOMAS STEWART QUINCEY. 

Thomas Stewart Quincey is a good type of the ac- 
tive, pushing, self-made man. He was born in Bel- 
ville. Ont., May 28, 1852. From his earliest boyhood 
he has been compelled to look out for himself. What- 
ever of schooling he obtained was before he was 
twelve years of age and in his native town. He was 
completely thrown on his own resources. He obtained 
a situation as commercial traveler; and in that ca- 
pacity, came to Chicago. Since 1875 he has made this 




SSSji? ?is 




6H|S3"£ 

CI SKi - *e| 

E g I m -' £ m 





THE STAR ACCIDENT COMPANY'S BUILDING, 
3.->(i DEARBORN STREET. 

his home. He was active in the organization of the 
Northwestern Commercial Traveler's Life and Acci- 
dent Insurance Company, and was elected its manager. 
It came to absorb his entire time. He has now be- 
come secretary and manager of the Star Accident 



Company of Chicago, whose handsome new building 
herewith shown, is a conspicuous ornament to Dear- 
born street, and the city of Chicago. 

Mr. Quincey is a member of the Oakland and Re- 
view clubs, and first lieutenant of Cavalry Troop A, 




Illinois National Squadron. He was in command of 
the Chicago Hussars, stationed at the stock yards 
during the Pullman strike. He is married and resides 
at 472 Forty-second street. 



JOSEPH THATCHER TORRENCE. 

General Joseph T. Torrence was born in Mercer 
County, Pa., March 15, 1843. He was employed 
for three years in a blast furnace at Sharpsburg, 
Md., owned by Mr. John P. Agnew. From here he 
went to Briar Hill, Ohio, where he worked again 
in a furnace until he learned the blacksmith's trade, 
becoming assistant foreman before he was seventeen 
years old. It was here he obtained a practical knowl- 
edge of mechanics. At the breaking out of the war 
he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Fifth 
Ohio Infantry. He was wounded at Perryville four 
times and was granted an honorable discharge from 
the army, with a life pension. He returned to Ohio 
just before the famous raid of General Morgan into 
the state. Although suffering from his wounds, he 
promptly took command of a volunteer force and as- 
sisted in the pursuit and capture of the rebel. 

During the next five years Mr. Torrence was em- 
ployed by Reis, Brown & Berger, at New Castle, Pa., 
first in charge of their furnaces and later managing 
the sales of their entire product. 

In 18C9, Mr. Torrence removed to Chicago, where 
he took charge of the furnaces of the Chicago Iron 
Works; and a year later, became connected with the 
Joliet Iron and Steel Company; built furnaces at De- 
pere. Wis., and Menominee, Mich., and acted as con- 
sulting engineer for the Green Bay & Bangor Furnace 
Company, at Chicago. He was also made colonel of 
the Second Regiment of the Illinois Guards, and was 
promoted to brigadier general of the First Brigade. 
Since 1881. General Torrence has been instrumental 
in the promotion of several great enterprises, such as 



74 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



the organization of the Joseph H. Brown Iron and 
Steel Company, on the Calumet River; the South 
Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad; the Chicago 
and Calumet Terminal Railway Company; the Calu- 
met Canal and Improvement Company; the Standard 
Steel and Iron Company, and the Chicago Elevated 
Terminal Railway Company. 

General Torrence is a Republican in politics; takes 
a lively interest in all public questions, and is a born 
leader of men. He is generous to a fault, his hand 
always being open to help the deserving. He was 
married Septembe: 11, 1872, to Miss Elizabeth Nor- 




GEN. JOSEPH T. TORRENCE. 

ton, daughter of Jesse O. Norton, of Chicago. One 
daughter blessed the union. Mrs. Torrence died Oc- 
tober 12, 1891, the result of an accident while taking 
a drive with her daughter. She was mourned by a 
wide circle of devoted friends. 



WILLIAM HOUSER GRAY. 

William Houser Gray was born at Piqua, Ohio, Sep- 
tember 23, 1S47. He graduated from the Piqua High 
School and entered the Denison University, where he 
remained for three years. His father, being engaged 
in building, William assisted him for a time after 
completing his education, until an opening presented 
itself on the Lake Erie and Western Railroad as civil 
engineer. When the company failed, William went 
into the lumber business at Piqua until 1871. He 
then became interested in life insurance, in which he 
developed rare abilities. In 1877 he organized the 
Knights Templar and Masonic Aid Association of Cin- 
cinnati, which, under his management, became the 
leading company of its class in the United States. In 
1883 he withdrew from the company and came to Chi- 
cago; and, in the spring of 1884 organized the Knights 
Templars and Masonic Life Indemnity Company of 
Chicago, of which he became a director and general 
manager. Its history has been one of conspicuous 
success from the start. It now stands as guarantee 
for upwards of twenty-six millions of dollars of insur- 
ance. 

Mr. Gray has also large interests in other directions. 



He took an active part in developing the natural gas 
fields of Indiana; is a large holder of lands in Indiana 
and also in Texas and Illinois and Arkansas. He 
originated the scheme of the removal of the old Libby 
prison of Richmond, Va., to Chicago. He is a mem- 




WILLIAM H. GRAY. 

ber of the Union League and Marquette clubs; of St. 
Bernard Commandery and of other Masonic bodies. 

In religion Mr. Gray is a Baptist and in politics a 
Republican. He was married February 17, 1881, to 
Miss Orpha E. Buckingham. They have three chil- 
dren, Ina, Willie and Ralph B. Gray. 

ANDREW DUNNING. 

Among the conspicuous real estate men in Chicago, 
Mr. Andrew Dunning occupies a high place. He is es- 
sentially a self-made man. He served his country in 
the War of the Rebellion, being mustered out as a first 
lieutenant at the close of the war. Since then he has 
devoted his energies to floriculture and real estate, 
in both of which he has made a great success. Large 
tracts of fertile lands throughout the state have been 
placed in his hands for sale. It will pay investors to 
call on him. 

ORLANDO EDGAR MILLER. 

Orlando Edgar Miller, favorably known all over 
the United States for his remarkably successful treat- 
ment of Hernia, was born at Arcadia, Ohio, October 4, 
1864. He received his schooling at Fostoria, Ohio. 
But it is his business and professional success which 
will especially interest the reader; and it is proper 
to state that he began to treat cases of rupture by a 
method all his own, in Denver, Colo., in 1886. By 1893 
he had a chain of institutions covering all the leading 
cities of the United States, it being the largest medi- 
cal corporation in the world. The panic of '93 was a 
hard blow. The company sustained very heavy losses, 
•but survived. Since then, the hundreds of thousands 
of dollars which it had paid out for advertising and 
its large number of cured patients have helped to tide 
it over its difficulties and place it on the high road to 
prosperity. It has always done a strictly honorable 
business, and was the first to inaugurate the emi- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



75 



nently fair rule: "No cure, no pay." This it coukl 
not have done without a system which would guaran- 




ORLAXDO E. MILLER. 

tee results. Dr. Miller is still a young man. He has 
the world before him. His past achievements are a 
safe indication of what that future is to be. 

WILLIAM W. KIMBALL. 

William W. Kimball, founder of the piano and organ 
making industries of Chicago, was born in Oxford 




music trade of the Northwest; anu to-Uay it is gener- 
ally conceded that the establishment of the W. W. 
Kimball Company is the largest and most complete 
of its kind in the world. This company was the first 
to manufacture and job organs in Chicago, and the 
growth of the business has always kept pace with the 
rapid increase of the city at large. The floorage space 
utilized by the firm covers over eleven acres, a fact 
which speaks stronger than words as to the vast busi- 
ness transacted. In 1S57 Mr. Kimball began business 
in Chicago as a dealer in pianos and organs and seven 
years later established the wholesale trade. Within 
forty-eight hours after the subsidence of the great 
fire Mr. Kimball had converted his private residence 
into a musical warehouse, with the billiard room for 
an office and the barn for a shipping department. 
What could be more typical of the energy of a Chi- 
cago business man? 



JAMES F. KEENEY. 

James F. Keeney was born at Crawfordsville, Ind., 
September 15, 1840. His parents moved to Des Moines, 
Iowa, in 1850, where he prepared himself for college] 
He entered the University of Rochester, N. Y., in 1862, 
from which he graduated in 1866. He studied law two 
years and then removed to Chicago in 1868, and began 
the real estate business. 




W. W. KIMBALL. 

County, Maine, in 1828. The name Kimball is eminent 
as giving title to the pioneer firm in the wholesale 



JAMES F. KEENEY. 

His first venture was the purchase of 240 acres at 
Ravenswood. South Evanston was next founded. He 
built a depot, a fine business block and upwards of 
fifty large houses, which placed it in the front rank 
of Chicago's suburbs. 

Mr. Keeney was an active promoter of the present 
park system. He bought, in 1871, inTregoCounty, Kan., 
five townships on the Union Pacific Railroad, which he 
colonized with Chicago and Eastern people. In the cen- 
ter of this tract he built the city of Wa Keeney, the 
county seat of Trego County, and secured for it the U. 
S. land office, which added much to its importance. 

Mr. Keeney was elected to the Kaunas Legislature 
in 1878 and 1879, and became a leader in the House. 
He was a useful member of the ways and means com- 



76 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



mittee. He was also made a member of the State 
Board of Agriculture. He was elected president of 
the State Fair in 1880, held at Lawrence, Kansas, and 
delivered the inaugural address at the opening of the 
fair. He returned to Chicago in 1881, and again en- 
tered the real estate business. Since then he founded 
Hermosa, and, in connection with others, Chicago 
Heights and Columbia Heights, where are located 
many factories, and where he still is engaged in build- 
ing up this manufacturing town. 

THEO. NOEL. 

Among the many thousands of visitors who come to 
Chicago in the course of a year, a very great propor- 
tion do so to receive treatment for physical ailments 
in the hope of regaining lost health and vigor. Here 
is to be found the greatest array of medical talent in 
America; here the finest medical colleges; and here 



most conspicuous in the whole history of the treat- 
ment of disease. It reads like a fairy tale. Prof. Theo. 
Noel, an eminent geologist of Chicago, has discovered 
a mineral deposit which, on being exposed to the air, 
rapidly oxydizes, and in its ozydized form becomes 
soluble in water, producing a mineral water of greater 
richness in curative properties than any other natural 
mineral water known. It is in the most, convenient 
form possible, as it can be sent to any address through 
the United States mails. Think of it, a jug of min- 
eral water delivered by the postman like a letter! You 
add the water yourself according to directions. Here 
are some of the astonishing things which are claimed 
for it after many years of practical test under the 
most diverse conditions: 

One package of this preparation, which Prof. Noel 
has been several years allowing to decompose, will 
enable the person using it to have a mineral spring 
of their own, greater and more healing than any in 




THEO. NOEL'S OFFICE. 



the most perfect appliances for the treatment of all 
kinds of diseases which flesh is heir to. But while 
the doctors have been building up their elaborate 
theories and constructing their 'pathies, some most 
miraculous events have been transpiring which are 
big with promise of better times to the afflicted, and 
that, too, without involving such enormous outlays 
for medical attention as people have been subjected to 
in the past. It is a well-known fact that nature sup- 
plies, in its great laboratories, materials for the cure 
of all diseases. There are mineral waters which are 
simply marvelous in their curative properties, and 
people pay vast sums of money to obtain famous 
brands, or to attend sanitariums where these brands 
can be had. It remained for a Chicago geologist to 
discover a soluble earth which contains all these cura- 
tive properties possessed by any of those mineral 
waters, as well as many which none of them have. 
The success which has followed that discovery is the 



the world. The farmer can purify his well or his 
spring and have mineral water constantly by empty- 
ing a package therein, and the denizen of the city can 
put a spoonful or two in his water tank and defy 
doctors, mineral water sellers, microbes and other 
nuisances. One package, which Prof. Noel sells for 
one dollar, will make 800 gallons of the best mineral 
water on or in the earth, as the discoverer claims. It 
is certainly well worth examining and looking into. 
Prof. Noel, in a letter printed in the Chicago "Times," 
claimed the mineral to be an unfailing remedy for that 
terrible disease, diphtheria, and agreed to send 
enough of it to any one to cure the worst case after 
the doctors had given it up as incurable. The professor 
renews his offer to the readers of "Unrivaled Chica- 
go." If diphtheria exists in the family or among 
the friends of any reader of "Unrivaled Chicago," he 
will send him enough to cure the case if the recipient 
will promise to write the facts afterward. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



7? 



Certainly a proposition of this kind is entitled tc 
earnest consideration. It is something which no rea- 
soning man can afford to ignore. But it is not alone 
for diphtheria that this remedy has made a tremen- 
ous record. It is no less remarkable in all those cases 
which are peculiar to women. Also asthma, catarrh, 
eczema, winter cholera, all skin diseases, kidney com- 
plaints, torpid liver, typhoid fever and a multitude 
of other diseases all yield readily when Vitae Ore is 
used. It is doubtful if any proprietary house in Amer- 
ica can show such an array of testimonials from peo- 
ple who have been cured of every species of disease 
as Mr. Noel; and. what is more, every testimonial 
will be genuine. Mr. Noel has stood the assaults of 
the medical profession for years, and in every bout 
has come off victorious. We can only say to the read- 
ers of "Unrivaled Chicago." you can have your own 
mineral spring right at home, and save untold sums, 
which you would otherwise pay to the doctors, and, 
best of all, enjoy the blessings of health and longevity. 
Send one dollar to Prof. Noel, Geologist, Tacoma 
Building, and see if this is not true, or. what is better, 
yet, send him the names and addresses of six 
afflicted friends, and he will send a free sample to 
all. that you and they may know at his expense that 
Vitae Ore is the best thing in or out of the earth for all 
who need health. He proclaims that he scorns to 
take any one's money if his discovery will not benefit 
or permanently cure. 

ALBERT L. COE. 

A. L. Coe was born in Talmage, Ohio. His early 
life was spent in Ashtabula County, on the Western 
Reserve. He removed to Chicago in July. 1S53, en- 
gaging in the coal business, until the breaking out 
of the war. He entered the service with the Fifty-first 
Illinois Volunteers, in September. 1861, and continued 
in the service for more than four years. The firm of 




proved successful. Careful management has added to 
the success of that business. Mr. Coe has been identi- 
fied with several enterprises of public interest. He 
was one of the early members of the Union League 
Club. He has taken part in the Citizens' League, the 
Young Men's Christian Association, of which he has 
long been a trustee, and other organizations. He was 
also one of the promoters of the great Auditorium 
building enterprise. He has always been actuated by 
a desire to promote the public good, rather than pri- 
vate gain. Warm hearted, courteous, and generous in 
his intercourse with others, he is an honor to his call- 
ing, and to the city of Chicago. He has a commanding 
presence, and distinguished appearance, which make 
him a conspicuous figure in any gathering, or on the 
street. 

THE RELIC HOUSE. 

This is a place of popular resort located near the 
Center street entrance to Lincoln Park. It is literally 
built of relics of the great fire of 1871; and all around 
the entrances and grounds are arranged some of the 




ALBERT L. COE. 

Mead & Coe, of which Mr. foe is a member, was or- 
ganized immediately after the war, and has continued 
until this time without change, doing business in the 
management of estates for non-residents; also in 
placing capital in loans and investments, which have 



THE RELIC HOl'SE. 

most remarkable specimens, which will weh repay the 
study of the curious. Every visitor to Lincoln Park 
should make it a point to visit the Relic House while 
in the city. 

GRACELAND CEMETERY. 

One of the most beautiful of the objects of interest 
around Chicago is Graceland Cemetery. It ranks on 
a par with Creenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Forest 
Hill of Boston, and Spring Grove of Cincinnati. For 
the last fifteen years the new system of cemetery 
adornment has been practiced, which discourages the 
siting up of unsightly headstones and gaudy monu- 
ments, and which cultivates the most pleasing park 
i ffects so as to produce upon tin visitor ;i sensation of 
t< st ami peace. The utmost care is taken in the selec- 
tion and planting of every tree and shrub in order to 
preserve the most natural effects, strengthen the pic- 
turesque and maintain a general harmony. No prun- 
ing is permitted, only the removal of dead limbs. Great 
elms have been so transplanted as to give dignity and 



78 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



grace, so that the cemetery becomes an ideal park. 
Near the chapel stands one of these great elms, 2V 2 
feet in diameter and 60 feet in height. This was 
planted in 1SS9. It was then thought to be the largest 
tree that was ever transplanted, but a still larger one 
has since been planted at Graceland. 

The most has been made of all irregularities of sur- 
face, the treatment being such that a slight elevation 
becomes, in effect, a hill — much after the Japanese 
method of making a landscape of great diversity of 
level, and variety of scope within the space of a few 




SCENE IX GRACELAND CEMETERY. 

feet, by judicious arrangement of surface, placing of 
buildings and planting. In addition to all the other 
ornamentation a beautiful artificial lake has been 
excavated, with the foliage on its banks coming down 
to the waters' edge, and with its outlines so broken 
and irregular that from no point can the visitor see 
it entire. On the whole, this beautiful spot must be 
seen to be appreciated: and it will repay the visitor 
to Chicago to make a trip to Graceland Cemetery. 

DUNLAP SMITH. 

Mr. Dunlap Smith has had a wide range of expe- 
riences during his short but eventful life. He was 
born in Chicago, July 14, 1863. He began his education 
in the public schools of the city and continued it in 
the schools of Belgium. He was in Paris and Brussels 
during the Franco-Prussian war and the Paris Com- 
mune. Later he returned to this country and grad- 
uated from Harvard University in 1884. Since 1SS6 
he has been engaged in the real estate business in 
Chicago, and has become connected with many of the 
great interests which center in this city. He has been 
a director in the Chicago Elevator Company, the Iowa 
Central Railway Company, The Barnum and Rich- 
ardson Manufacturing Company. The Wilmington Coal 
Company, and president of the Real Estate Board of 
Chicago. He is also a member of the valuation com- 
mittee of the same board. He was one of the men se- 
lected by Mayor Swift for the tax commission ap- 



pointed by him. Notwithstanding his present attain- 
ments, he has yet the best years of his life before him. 



rgr- 




DUNLAP SMITH. 

He is one of the youngest among those who have at- 
tained distinction. 

J. GRAFTON PARKER. 

J. Grafton Parker came to Chicago in the spring of 
1861. He was, for many years, engaged in business 




J. GRAFTON PARKER. 

in Boston, being a partner in the firm of H. Jacobs & 
Son. wholesale provision dealers. 

His connection with this firm brought him to Chi- 
cago so frequently, that he almost claimed residence 
here, although he did not move his family here until 
the fall of 1879. He then became associated with his 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



79 



brother, A. A. Farmer, in the well-known firm of 
Holden & Co., remaining with him until the spring of 
1888, when he entered the real estate business, associ- 
ating with him his son, J. Grafton Parker, Jr., under 
the firm name of J. Grafton Parker & Co. Mr. Parker's 
genial manner, honesty and prompt business methods 
have won for him an enviable position with his associ- 
ates in business. He has negotiated some of the larg- 
est real estate transactions in the city. Mr. Parker 
was born in Chelmsford, Mass.. February 29, 1836. His 
father. Mr. Artemus Parker, and mother, Lorinda 
Healy. were well-known in New England for their 
sterling integrity and Christian bearing 

SENECA D. KIMBARK. 

Mr. Seneca D. Kimbark is the pioneer of the 
iron and steel 
trade in Chica- 
go, he having 
been actively 
engaged in that 
business for 
over forty-three 
years. He was 
born at Venice, 
Cayuga County, 
N. Y., March 4, 
1832. He obtain- 
ed such an edu- 
cation as other 
country boys of 
a persevering 
nature achieved. 
He began in the 
district schools 
and afterward 
attended the 
Genesee and 
Canandai g u a 
academies, 
earning the 
money, in the 
meanwhile t o 
pay his ex- 
penses. When 
he was eight 
years old his 
parents remov- 
ed to Livingston 
County, and 
four years later 
he was set to 
work on the 
farm. Here he 
remained when 
not teaching in 
the winter, or 
attending 
school, until he 
was twenty- 
one. In 18 5 2 
Mr. Kimbark 
removed to Chi- 
cago, where he 
engaged in the 

iron business, becoming the junior member of the 
firm of E. G. Hall & Co. In 1860, the firm name was 
changed to Hall. Kimbark & Co.; and in 1873 to Kim- 
bark Bros. & Co. In 1876 Mr. Kimbark became sole 
proprietor. The great fire of 1871 had inflicted a 
heavy loss upon the business: but through tact, cour- 
age and perseverance he pulled through and soon re- 
covered the ground lost. He built up in his time one 
of the greatest iron, steel and heavy hardware trades 
in this country; also established an extensive car- 
riage woodw-ork factory in Michigan, to manufacture 




a large line of the goods he already sold in his trade. 
In 1891 this was removed to Elkhart, Ind., where con- 
ditions were more favorable. This is now one of the 
largest of its kind in America. Mr. Kimbark has al- 
ways been an enthusiastic iron man. The iron busi- 
ness has always been his special care. Although not 
a politician, he takes great interest in all questions 
of municipal reform. He has always refused to go 
into partisan politics or run for office, although he has 
been, from early manhood, a consistent Republican. 
He was one of the commissioners who located the 
South Park system; and, during the war, took an 
active part in raising troops and sending them to the 
front. The Kimbark Guards organized by his 
brother, George M., and named for h> i, received 
his aid. He was identified with the Luion League 
Club from the time of its organization. He was 

one of the origi- 
nal members of 
the Chicago 
Club; a charter 
member of the 
W a s h i ngton 
Park Club, 
and a member 
of the Calumet 
Club. 

Mr. Kimbark 
was married 
September 25, 
1856, to Miss 
Elizabeth 
Pruyne, daugh- 
ter of Peter 
Pruyne, at one 
time state sen- 
ator of Illinois, 
an d a friend 
and colleague 
of Stephen A. 
Douglas. M r s. 
Kimbark was 
•born the day 
the first mayor 
of Chicago 
was installed. 
Four children 
have been born 
of this union, 
two daughters 
and two sons. 
The oldest son, 
Charles A. Kim- 
bark, is now 
the financial 
manager of his 
father's busi- 
ness and a 
young man of 
great promise. 
The other. Wal- 
ter, is equal in 
promise to his 
brother. He is 
at the head of 
the carriage 
and is a skillful 



S. D. KIMBARK. 



goods department of the business, 
manager. 

JOHN DUNN. 

Mr. John Dunn is an English gentleman who be- 
came known to the people of Chicago through his con- 
nection with the consular service of Great Britain 
and by his official position with the Illinois Central 
Railroad Company. He has many warm friends 
wherever he is known. He was born in Devonshire, 
England, April 24. 1S40. and came to America in 1869. 



80 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



He resided in New York until 1873, when he moved 
to Chicago to enter the service of the Illinois Central 
Railroad as private secretary to the president. In 
January, 1883, he was promoted to the post of assist- 




JOHN DUNN. 

ant to the president and continues to hold that office 
at the present time, besides being assistant secre- 
tary of the company, a position he has filled since 
November, 1880. Mr. Dunn was British vice consul 
for a period of seven years, from 1878 to 18S4. Since 
his retirement from that office he has given his whole 
attention to the affairs of the railway corporation by 
which he is employed. By profession Mr. Dunn is an 
attorney-at-law, having been admitted to the Illinois 
bar in 1875. but of late years he has not actively prac- 
ticed that profession. Mr. Dunn stands high with the 
railroad company, and has the unbounded confidence 
of the president and directors. 



JOHN FREDERICK EBERHART. 



John Frederick Eberhart was born January 21, 1829, 
in Mercer County. Pa. His early life was taken up 
by attendance at school, work on the farm and in 
teaching, by which he supported himself while carry- 
ing on his studies. In this way he developed mental 
and physical strength, for both of which he was wide- 
ly noted. He graduated at Alleghany College July 
2nd. 1S53. On September 1, 1S53, he became principal 
of the Albright Seminary, at Berlin. Pa., the first edu- 
cational institution founded by the Evangelical Asso- 
ciation. Here the tax upon his energies was so great 
that, after two years, he was forced by failing health 
to resign. 

Mr. Eberhart came west in the spring of 1S55 and 
located at Dixon. 111. There he edited for a time the 
Dixon "Transcript." and delivered courses of scientific 
lectures before institutions of learning: then spent a 
year in traveling for some New York publishing 
houses and finally settled down in Chicago to the pub- 
lication of the "Northwestern Home and School Jour- 
nal." For about fifteen years Mr. Eberhart was then 
engaged in educational work, in the editorial chair. 



the lecture field and as superintendent of the schools 
of Cook County, 111. It was mainly by his efforts that 
the public schools throughout Cook County were or- 
ganized and developed into a practical system, and a 
normal school for the training of teachers was estab- 
lished. He was also an early advocate and promoter 
of teachers' institutes, which have exercised a power- 
ful influence in developing improved methods of 
teaching. 

In 1860 Mr. Eberhart turned his attention, to a con- 
siderable extent, to real estate. In this he has been 
reasonably successful. He has acquired a compe- 
tence, and spends it in ways which he believes will 
bring the most good to humanity. 

In pontics Mr. Eberhart is a Republican, but is not 
a partisan and has never sought political preferment. 
In religion he is a Methodist, but with broad humani- 




JOHN F. EBERHART. 

tarian sympathies. He is a prominent member of the 
People's Church, whose pastor. Rev. H. W. Thomas, 
was his pupil and his been his life-long friend. He 
was married in 1S64 to Miss Matilda C. Miller, a lady 
of refinement and who has proved a worthy help- 
meet in all his work. Four children have graced their 
union. 

PAUL O. STENSLAXD. 

Paul O. Stensland was born in Sandied. near Stav- 
anger. Norway, May 9. 1847. the youngest in a family 
of nine children. He was reared on a farm in his na- 
tive land and obtained such schooling as he could in 
the district. 

At the age of eighteen ihe left home for travel in 
Hindostan and farther India. He became interested 
in the cotton and wool industries as a buyer of sta- 
ples, traveling extensively in the prosecution of his 
business, from Cape Camorin to the Himalaya*, 
and from the Indus to the Bramapootra. After 
five years he returned to Norway, on a visit to his pa- 
rents, whom he found in failing health. Both of them 
died within three months after his return. Soon after 
he set out for America, arriving in Chicago in the 
spring of 1S71. Here he engaged in the dry goods 
business, which absorbed his energies for fourteen 



S2 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



years; but in 1885 he left it for insurance and real 
estate. Since then he organized the Milwaukee Ave- 
nue State Bank, of which he became president. 

Mr. Stensland was a member of the Chicago Board 
of Education for nine years, serving on several im- 
portant committees. He also served on a select com- 
mittee of citizens to revise the charter of the city 







.**** 










j 


i^"" 












2/^jk 

























PAUL O. STENSLAND. 

and was a director of the World's Columbian Ex- 
position. 

Politically Mr. Stensland is a Democrat and in re- 
ligion a Lutheran. He is also a member of the Iro- 
quois Club and several Scandinavian organizations. 
He was married in August, 1871, to Karen Querk, of 
Sonhordland, Norway. They have two children. 

DEPOTS. 

Chicago is abundantly supplied with depot facili- 
ties. While all the older depots which were built, 
like the Union, at Canal street, and the Rock Island] 
on Van Buren street, are crowded to their utmost 
capacity, those built in later years, like the Grand 
Central and Illinois Central, are capable of afford- 
ing facilities for many years to come, whatever the 
growth of the city or increase of roads. The follow- 
ing is a brief summary: 

There are six railroad depots in Chicago, all but one 
of which are union depots— that is, they furnish ter- 
minal facilities for a large number of railroads which 
use them in common. The Northwestern alone, at 
the north approach to the Wells street bridge, ac- 
commodates the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad 
system. Then comes the Union Depot, on Canal 
street, extending from Madison to Adams streets, 
where the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy, the Chicago & Alton, and the 
Pennsylvania Railroads terminate. At Harrison street 
and Fifth avenue is the Wisconsin Central, that ac- 
commodates several others— the Baltimore & Ohio, 
the Chicago & Great Western Railroad, and the 
Northern Pacific. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
is located on Van Buren street, between Sherman and 
Pacific avenue, which also receives the Lake Shore & 
Michigan Southern. The Polk street depot, at Polk 



and Dearborn, gives facilities to the Atchison, Topeka 
& Santa Fe, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Wa- 
bash, the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad, 
the Chicago & Western Indiana, the Grand Trunk, 
and Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroads. 
And the new Illinois Central depot, at Twelfth street 
and Michigan avenue, one of the finest in the country, 
accommodates the Michigan Central and other roads. 
All these depots are within a few minutes' ride from 
the central or business part of the city, where the 
great hotels are all located. 

HOTELS. 

Chicago is noted, the world over, for the great num- 
ber, the size, and the excellence of its hotels. It is 
impossible to give a minute description of all or even 
any number of them, as it would take a volume for 
that alone. The most that can be done is to men- 
tion, in a general way, a few of the most conspicuous 
and those which serve as a type of the others. 

The Auditorium, with its Annex, stands easily at 
the head of the list, both in size and appointments. 
It is one of the largest in the world. It occupies that 
part of the Auditorium Theater building not given up 
to office purposes or to the uses of the theater. It rises 
to eleven stories in height, and has more than 1,000 
rooms given up to the use of guests. The American 
dining-room is on the top story and commands a fine 
view of Lake Michigan. The European restaurant is 
on the ground floor, and is the largest and handsomest 
in the city. The hotel is run on both the American 
and European plans, so that guests can take their 
choice. The Auditorium is one of the points of inter- 
est that every visitor to Chicago wants to visit. 

The Wellington is the place where the men of great 
wealth put up when they come to Chicago, if they 
happen to be of a retiring disposition. Here they can 
be sure of the best that the country affords without 
undue ostentation. It caters strictly to the ultra- 
fashionable element, and to that it offers the most 
perfect of home-life comforts. 

The Richelieu is another of the swell hotels. It, 
however, caters more to the showy and ostentatious 
patrons. Then comes the Palmer House, the home of 
the politicians; the Great Northern, and others of that 
class. 

Then come the great middle-class hotels, of which 
there are hundreds, that cater to the commercial trav- 
eling public and that furnish good home-like accom- 
modations at a very reasonable price. Of this class 
the Clifton, at the corner of Monroe and Wabash ave- 
nue, and McCoy's, at the corner of Clark and Van 
Buren streets, are good representatives. And below 
these there is almost an infinite variety, both in 
number and grade, which offer accommodation to 
every class and condition of people, down to the West 
Madison street lodging-houses, where bunks can be 
had for a dime. 

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 

Closely related to the hotels are the theaters. And 
there is a perfectly parallel gradation in the quality 
and prices of these with the hotels. They range from 
the Auditorium, the Columbia, McVicker's, the Opera 
House, the Schiller, and the Great Northern, down 
through all shades of gradation to the concert hall in 
a beer garden. Then, in addition to the theaters, are 
the race tracks, the ball grounds, the Ferris Wheel, 
and, in summer, the picnic grounds. They all vie with 
one another to offer attractions that will prove draw- 
ing cards and help to win nickels and dimes from 
the pockets of pleasure seekers. The roof garden is 
another form of amusement which is gaining in popu- 
larity. At the top of the Masonic Temple a place has 
been fitted up where music, dramatic entertainments. 




ENTRANCE TO AUDITORIUM HOTEL, MICHIGAN AVENUE. 



84 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



etc., are given, far above the noise and tumult of the 
street. Another at the top of the new Great Northern 
has also been recently completed. It is 205 feet above 
the sidewalk, the only open-air roof garden in Chicago. 
The Auditorium.— As before stated, the Auditorium, 
for dimensions and magnificence of appointments, 
easily takes first 
place. It ranks along 
with the greatest the- 
aters in the world — 
the Paris Opera 
House and La Scala, 
at Milan. It was be- 
gun in 1887, and the 
construction was car- 
ried forward so vig- 
orously that the great 
audience room was 
opened to the public 
on December 9, 1889. 
The entrance to the 
theater is from the 
Congress street side, 
near Wabash avenue. 
The ticket offices are 
located on either side 
of the grand vesti- 
bule that leads to the 
lobby. The house will 
seat upwards of four 
thousand people. 
There are forty boxes, 
elaborately furnished 
and hung with plush 
curtains. Fifty - five 
hundred incandescent 
electric lamps light 
the house and stage. 
The organ is said to 
be the largest and 
finest in the world. 
It contains 7,193 
pipes. The stage, 
from foot-lights to 
wall, is 69 deep by 98 
feet wide in the clear. 
It is sufficient for the 
grandest scenic dis- 
plays that are ever 
necessary in a theat- 
rical production. 

The Auditorium is 
the home of the Or- 
chestral Association, 
supporting the Chica- 
go Orchestra, con- 
ducted by Mr. Theo- 
dore Thomas, which 
was incorporated in 
1891. It is one of the 
two permanent or- 
chestras in America. 
At the very begin- 
n i n g its financial 
basis was firmly es- 
tablished, when about 
fifty of Chicago's 
wealthiest and most 
public - spirited men 
created its "guaranty 
fund," thereby obli- 
gating themselves for 
any deficits which might remain 
season. The orchestra is composed of about eighty 
five members, and for twenty-two weeks of each year 
since its establishment two concerts per week have 
been given at the Auditorium— a Friday matinee and 



a Saturday evening concert. The best solo talent 
available has appeared from time to time at these 
concerts. The season sale for 1896-7 is already larger 
than ever before. A special chorus has been made an 
adjunct to the orchestra this season. This is under the 
direction of Mr. Arthur Mees. Besides its forty-four 




TEMPLE. STATE AND RANDOLPH STREETS. 

Home Office of Knights Templars and Masons Life Indemnity Co. 

the end of each Chicago programmes, the orchestra will also visit 

many of the leading cities, such as Ann Arbor, Toledo, 

Cleveland, Milwaukee, and other places of prominence. 

The purpose of the Chicago Orchestra is to furnish 

good music for the West, and the stability which the 



THEATERS 



85 



names of its guarantors has given it has led these 
surrounding cities to avail themselves of the oppor- 
tunity furnished them. 

Next to the Auditorium and its various attractions 
comes McVicker's Theater, with a seating capacity of 
about 2,000. It is one of the oldest theaters in the 
city. It was the fifth, 
in order of time, built 
in Chicago. It was 
destroyed in the great 
fire of 1871, but re- 
built larger and finer, 
so that it was again 
opened to the public 
on August 15, 1872, 
having been rebuilt 
at a cost of $200,000. 
Important improve- 
ments and additions 
have been made 
since, which keep it 
in the front rank of 
Chicago play houses. 
It is one of the most 
favorably located of 
any in the city, being 
convenient to street 
cars from all parts 
of Chicago, and to all 
the great down-town 
hotels. 

The Columbia is 
situated just one 
square south of Mc- 
Vicker's, on Monroe 
street. It is the le- 
gitimate successor of 
the New Adelphi, 
which, for a time 
after the fire, occu- 
pied the present site 
of the First National 
Bank, in the old Post- 
office building, the 
ruins of which were 
rebuilt after the great 
fire and were occu- 
pied by J. H. Haverly 
as a play house. 
When the ground 
leas.e expired, the 
Adelphi was demol- 
ished and the Colum- 
bia was built on its 
present site by Mr. 
Haverly, who man- 
aged it until Febru- 
ary. 1885. when it 
passed into the hands 
of the Columbia Tho- 
a t e r Company. In 
1890, .Messrs. Havman 
& Davis took charge, 
and still control tin- 
property. It enjoys a 
wide and deserved 
popularity, not only 
for the completeness 
of its appointments, 
but for the uniform 
excellence of its at- 
tractions. 

Hooley's Theater. — The Chicago Tribune says: 
"Hooley's has become to Chicago like Daly's and the 
Lyceum of New York rolled into one — more than that. 
like six of the best Eastern comedy theaters in their 
combined essence." But this is no more than is justi- 



fied by the public verdict. It has come to be known 
as "the Parlor Home of Comedy," and justly so, for 
"Hooley's" is known among theater-goers and the 
theatrical profession as one of the most popular and 
successful play houses, not only in Chicago, but in the 
United States. The late Mr. R. M. Hooley bpgan his 




MARSHALL FIELD'S 



career in Chicago in 1870. at Hooley's Opera House, 
situated where the Grand Opera House now stands. 
After the fire of 1871. Mr. Hooley made a trade of that 
ground for the Randolph street site and built Hooley's 
Theater, which was opened on October 17. 1872. It is 



86 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 




RESIDENCE OF MR. ALBERT WISNER. 4825 DREXEL BOULEVARD. 



the home of the great dramatic stock companies of 
New York and London. Among its permanent attrac- 
tions are Ada Rehan and Mr. Augustin Daly's com- 
pany, the New York Lyceum Theater Company, the 
New York Empire Theater Company, Mr. and Mrs. 
Kendal, Mr. E. S. Willard, Mr. John Hare, Miss Olga 
Nethersole, Mr. John Drew, Mr. Nat C. Goodwin, Mr. 
E. H. Sothern, and the leading comedy attractions of 
Messrs. Daniel and Charles Frohman. Also the latest 
successes in comedy and the drama of New York and 
London. 

Mr. Harry J. Powers is the manager and Mr. Francis 
J. Wolf the treasurer. The theater has been fre- 
quently remodeled, and is perfectly adapted to all 
the requirements of the modern stage and the com- 
fort of the public. 

The Chicago Opera House comes next in order of 
size. It is located on the corner of Clark and Wash- 
ington streets, and has a seating capacity of about 
2,300 persons. Its stage construction is remarkably 
perfect. Every device which modern theaters have 
found desirable is included. No expense has been 
spared in making the stage one of the finest in the 
West. Nothing is lacking which would add to the 
scenic effect or increase the comfort and convenience 
of the players. The interior decoration is strikingly 
original and appropriate, although chaste and re- 
fined. It is now running as a continuous show, with- 
out doubt the best of its class in Chicago. 



The Grand Opera House is another of the old play 
houses of the city. It has been frequently remodeled 
to bring it up to modern requirements. In this way it 
has kept up with the march of improvements. It is 
located on Clark street, between Washington and 
Randolph streets. 

The Schiller Theater is situated on Randolph Street, 
between Clark and Dearborn, and is one of the finest 
and most popular of Chicago places of amusement. 
It has recently passed into the hands of Mr. Robert 
Blei, who, in a short time, has established a reputa- 
tion of giving the best vaudeville entertainment fur- 
nished in the country. The prices range from 20 
cents to $1, and all seats are reserved. One beauty 
about the Schiller auditorium is that there are no 
posts or columns in any part of the house to interfere 
with the view of the stage. The seating capacity is 
about twelve hundred, and there are six boxes. The 
chairs are large and comfortable, with plenty of space 
between each row. Improved ventilating systems, 
including a perfect heating system for winter and 
refrigerating system for summer, together with suc- 
tion fans in the roof that secure a continuous supply 
of fresh air, which renders it pleasant at any season 
of the year. The Schiller forms one of a circuit of 
vaudeville houses which extend from New York to 
San Francisco, and secures the first option on all 
the new attractions which come from Europe. 

The Great Northern Theater, just completed, while 



THEATERS. 



87 




SCHILLER THEATER. RANDOLPH STREET, BETWEEN CLARK AND 
DEARBORN STREETS. 



making no pretensions to being a great theater, is 
one of the finest in the city. Completeness in all its 
details, beauty and elegance in all its adornments, and 
the convenience and safety of its patrons have been 
the points aimed at. All the stage fittings and fixtures 
are of fire-proof materials, and everything from pit 
to gallery is fire-proof, even to floors and ceilings. It 
has a seating capacity of about 1,500. It contains 
sixteen boxes; and the chairs are exactly alike 
throughout the entire house. The ventilation is so 
arranged that fresh air is taken from the roof and 
forced downward throughout the whole house, there 



being three independent systems, one for the stage 
and one each for the auditorium and the gallery. 

In addition to these there are numerous theaters of 
first-rate importance in each of the three sections of 
the city, which depend upon local patronage for their 
support, like the Standard and Haymarket on the 
West side. These are followed by a multitude of 
smaller places of every kind and quality to be found 
in every conceivable place where people congregate, 
so that there is no difficulty in satisfying the most 
varied tastes of resident or visitor in the matter of 
amusements. 



88 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



A GREAT EDUCATIONAL CENTER. 



Chicago has become one of the greatest centers of 
learning in America. In this respect, it has kept pace 
with its development in other and more material 
things. Early in its history, certain sections of land 
were set aside as an endowment of its common school 
system. Several of those sections are located in the 
heart of the business portion of the city; and al- 
though much of this land has heretofore been sold, 
there still remains enough to constitute a magnificent 
endowment. The rents which are received form an 
important part of the fund for the support of the 
schools. And. on top of that, the Legislature has been 
liberal in making provision for the raising of suffi- 
cient means, by taxation, to sustain the finest system 
of common schools in America. The schools are un- 
der the control of a Board of Education, consisting 
of twenty members, who are appointed by the Mayor 
and confirmed by the Common Council. The direct 
administration of the affairs of the schools is entrusted 
to one superintendent of schools, one superintendent 
of high schools, ten assistant superintendents, six 
supervisors and an extensive corps of lesser officials 
and employes. Four thousand three hundred and 
twenty-six teachers are regularly employed, and the 
total expenditures of the school board for the fiscal 
year ending June 1, 1895, was $6,334,328.10. There 
were, according to official reports of the same date, 
281 school buildings in the city, valued at $7,273,490. 

In addition to the common schools, there are four- 
teen high schools, where pupils are canned through 
the grades preparatory to entering college. 

The curriculum of the public schools, embracing 
both the common and high schools, covers a very wide 
range. There are kindergarten, evening, primar\, 
grammar, manual training, normal, college prepara- 
tory and physical culture classes, that would seem to 
cover the whole possible scope of an English educa- 
tion. In addition to English, German, Latin, music 
and drawing are taught as voluntary branches. 

THE HIGHER INSTITUTIONS. 

Beyond and above the regular public school system 
comes the various universities, with their colleges of 
law. medicine, arts, theology, science and literature, 
furnishing facilities for the most general and special 
training of every variety conceivable. The oldest of 
these is the Northwestern University, having its seat 
at Evanston, twelve miles north of Chicago, although 
in its strictest sense it is a Chicago institution. The 
Northwestern University has a liberal endowment, 
which has been contributed by friends of the institu- 
tion from time to time since its starting. It is under 
the dominant influence of the Methodist denomination. 
Its funds are carefully invested, mainly in remunera- 
tive property in Chicago and Evanston. It is pre- 
sided over by Henry Wade Rodgers, LL. D., who was 
called to his present position from the deanship of 
the Law School of the Michigan University, at Ann 
Arbor. The university was organized under a special 
charter from the Legislature of Illinois, dated Janu- 
ary 28, 1851. but it was not opened until November, 
1855. 

The College of Liberal Arts, together with the uni- 
versity campus, is situated at Evanston on a beautiful 



tract of wooded upland on the shore of Lake Michigan. 
By the provisions of the charter, no intoxicants can 
be sold within a radius of four miles from its campus. 
The college offers four courses of study, each requir- 
ing four years for their completion, the classical, the 
philosophical, the scientific, and the course in modern 
literature. Each of these courses are open alike to 
persons of either sex, the instruction being the same 
in both cases; and the same honors are bestowed for 
efficiency. Post-graduate work is done in all the 
departments of the university, leading to the degree 
of Ph. D. 

The Woman's College, the Academy and the Theo- 
logical School, are also located at Evanston. 

The Medical School is located in Chicago, on Dear- 
born Street, between Twenty-four and Twenty-fifth 
streets. It was formerly known as the Chicago Med- 
ical College, under which name it has a history of 
nearly fifty years of successful work behind it. This 
school was the first in this country: 1, to enforce a 
standard of preliminary education; 2, to adopt longer 
annual courses of instruction; 3, to grade the curric- 
ulum of studies. 

Its laboratory building contains laboratories of 
physiology, histology, anatomy, pathology, bacteriol- 
ogy, chemistry, pharmacology and pharmacognosy of 
the most modern form and with best equipments. 

Davis Hall is a very perfect out-patient infirmary, 
where twenty-five thousand patients are treated annu- 
ally. Forty clinics are conducted weekly at Mercy 
and St. Luke's Hospitals and Davis Hall. 

Instruction is given by lectures, recitations, confer- 
ences, laboratory and clinic methods. Numerous elec- 
tive courses are offered to students who desire them, 
either that they may obtain "honors" or special knowl- 
edge. These courses are chiefly laboratory or com- 
bined laboratory and clinic. 

The faculty consists of thirty-seven professors and 
forty-three instructors and demonstrators. 

The Law School of the University is located in the 
Masonic Temple, occupying one-half the seventh floor 
of that building, and was formerly known as the 
Union College of Law. The faculty includes some of 
the most prominent jurists in the West. No pains 
are spared to retain the most eminent specialists in 
every branch of legal practice; and many of those 
who have achieved distinction at the bench or bar 
of the West during the last twenty-five years have 
been professors or graduates of the Union College of 
Law of the Northwestern University. 

The School of Pharmacy occupies a part of the 
building of the medical school. It was organized in 
1886 as the Illinois College of Pharmacy, but soon 
became the Northwestern University School of Phar- 
macy. It was designed for the systematic and thor- 
ough training of druggists. Its course includes thirty 
hours of instruction each week, on a plan which in- 
sures a great saving of time and expense in the work 
to be done. 

The Dental School, lately consolidated with the 
American College of Dental Surgery, is located at 
the corner of Franklin and Madison streets, in Chi- 
cago. It is one of the most thorough schools of 
dentistry in the United States, being provided with 
every convenience that experience has shown to be 
necessary, or that can facilitate the work. 



EDUCATIONAL. 



89 



The Woman's Medical School is another of the fam- 
ous colleges connected with this university. It is 
located at 333 to 339 South Lincoln Street, Chicago. 
This was founded in 1870 as the Woman's Hospital 
Medical College, but, in 1892. became a part of the 
university. It has obtained a wide and merited celeb- 
rity all over the world, drawing its students from 
every state in the 
Union, as well as 
from every civilized 
country in the 
world. 

LAKE FOREST 
UNIVERSITY. 

This is another 
of the distinctively. 
Chicago institu- 
tions, but which is 
located in one of 
the suburbs, as far 
as its headquarters 
goes. It was start- 
.■! us a Chicago en- 
terprise by men 
whose interests 
and business was 
here; but they had 
also become inter- 
ested in Lake For- 
est as a beautiful 
and growing su- 
burb, and so, very 
naturally, thought 
to help forward its 
prospects by mak- 
ing it the seat of 
a great educational 
institution. The 
charter was ob- 
tained in 1S57; but 
it was not formally 
organized until 
1876. Its prin 
departments a r e 
undergraduate and 
philosophical. lo- 
cated at Lake For- 
est, and scientific, 
located in Chicago, 
the scientific com- 
prising the Rush 
Medical College. 
Chicago College of 
Dental Surgery and 
the Chicago Col- 
lege of Law. 

The Chicago Col- 
lege of Law was 
organized in Janu- 
ary, 1888, as the 
Chicago Evening 
School of Law. The 
following year it 
was reorganized as 
the Chicago Col- 
lege of Law. and 
soon after became 
the Law Depart- 
ment of the Lake 
Forest University. 

It is the personnel of the faculty that makes up the 
greatness of an institution of learning, and the faculty 
of this college was selected with that end in view. 
Such eminent jurists as Hon. Joseph M. Bailey. LL. !>.. 
justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, was the first 



preceptor, and continued as dean down to the time of 
his death in 18»5. In the fall of 1888 the Hon. Thomas 
A. Moran became associated with Judge Bailey in 
the work of the college, and it is largely through the 
combined efforts and zeal of the two that the institu- 
tion has been raised to the front rank of legal educa- 
tional institutions of the country. 




THE VENETIAN lifll.Ii 



34-38 WASHINGTON STREET BETWEEN STATE STREET 
AND WABASH AVENUE, 

In 1890, a third year, or post-graduate course, was 
organized, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws. 
Judge Moran, who is practically at the head of this 
course, lias a national reputation as a judge and a 
lawyer. His long experience on the bench and at the 



90 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



bar make him pre-eminent as an instructor in this 
course. Up to June, 1S95, the college had graduated 
766 persons from its two years' course, and 290 from 
its post-graduate course. It is contemplated to add 
still another course to the post-graduate, leading to 
the degree of Master of Laws. The business matters 
of the college are 
generally intrusted 
to Secretary Elmer 
E. Barrett, LL. B., 
who has occupied 
his position from 
the first organiza- 
tion. 

Lake Forest is 
situated on a beau- 
tiful bluff overlook- 
ing Lake Michigan, 
twenty-eight miles 
north of Chicago. 
It is the highest 
elevation between 
Chicago and Mil- 
waukee. It was 
originally laid out 
as a park, and is 
almost wholly giv- 
en up to residences 
and the university 
buildings. The sale 
of intoxic ating 
drinks is prohibit- 
ed by the terms of 
its charter. The 
Chicago & North- 
western Railroad 
gives quick and 
easy communica- 
tion with Chicago 
at all times. The 
institution is un- 
der the dominant 
influence of the 
P r esbyterian 
Church, although 
the teaching is not 
sectarian. It has a 
generous endow- 
ment, which is re- 
ceiving constant ad- 
ditions from time 
to time. 

The undergradu- 
ate depart ment 
comprises the fol- 
lowing schools: 

The Lake Forest 
College, offering 
three courses of 
study, each of four 
years, viz.: Classi- 
cal, Latin, and Sci- 
entific. All studies 
are prescribed dur- 
ing the first two 
years, after which 
a conside rable 
range of elective 
studies are allowed. 
Ferry Hall Sem- 
inary, which prepares young women for college, has 
additional courses leading to degrees of Bachelor of 
Letters and Bachelor of Music. 

Lake Forest Academy is the preparatory school for 
boys, but has special courses for those who do not 
contemplate taking a college course. 

Rush Medical College is one of the oldest and most 



honored of Chicago's medical schools, and forms the 
medical department of the university. It is situated 
on the corner of Wood and Harrison streets, opposite 
the Cook County Hospital. It was located on the 
North side before the great Are, where it was com- 
pletely destroyed along with its extensive museum. 




A LILY POXD, LIXCOLX PARK. 



When the city was rebuilt it chose as its home its 
present site on account of its proximity to the County 
Hospital and the facilities which the hospital affords 
for clinical and hospital practice. The enormous 
popularity it has enjoyed has rendered necessary fre- 
quent additions until it is one of the largest and best 
equipped medical institutions in America. 



92 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



IS? f u l S 0t . ? 6ntal Surgery was found ed in 

1883. It was formed by a company of dental practi- 
tioners in response to a manifest need for an insti- 
tution for the thorough training of dentists in the 
science of their profession. it attained to aw 
popularity as a separate institution, and in 1889 
united with Lake Forest University as he dental 
department of that institution. 

The course of instruction of the college embraces 
Physiology, histology, oral surgery, materia medica 
therapeutics, anatomy, operative and prosthetic den 

n ics' y ' Th e . m if ry ' (,ental P atno10 ^. ^d dental tech- 
nics. The course in operative dentistry is given in 
formed classes, under special instructors, in orde" o 
give students an intimate knowledge of the tissues 
and parts upon which they operate, the physical 
qualities of the materials used and the use of instni 



scale of expenditure which the authorities of the 
university felt it requisite to maintain. The conse! 

and n fe e i, Wa nt! hat *£ WaS constant1 ^ damped for means 
1886 ^ embarrassments, which culminated in 

1886 in its dissolution. In May, 1889. the American 
Baptist Educational Society determined to make an- 
other effort to found in Chicago a seat of learning 
under the controlling influence of tha denominition 
D R^T e " 0b , tained a gift 0f * 600 ' 000 from jJn 
be obtained t' COndl ! loned that enough more should 
The ass "tannp "Vh th ? endow ™ent fund to $1,000,000. 
erallv and £ denomination was enlisted gen- 

erally, and the amount was raised. Marshall Fled 

anon twe'r,r e fi Cl a fiDe traCt 0f land as a ^te covering 
about twenty-five acres. Up to the beginning of 1896 
the contributions and subscriptions to the nftUution 
have amounted to $11,500,000. Mr. Rockefeller has 




RUSH 

ments. Truman W. Brophy, M. D. D D S LL D 
one of the foremost men in the profession in this 
country, is dean of the faculty. 

The University of Illinois School of Pharmacy for- 
merly the Chicago College of Pharmacy, at 465-467 
btate Street, is the pharmaceutical school of the same 

E3JT " 0fferS '' are facUities {or a °««in£s 
training to young men and women in the profession 

ui pna.i ttificy. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. 

waVth? rfar'if 8 ' institutions for higher education 
race of ? hl c a S° University, under the dominant influ- 
ence of the Baptists. It had received various small 
endowments from prominent members of that denom 

as but t P hev CiPa " y fr ° m ,he Hon - Stephen A Dow- 
las, but they were not sufficient to maintain it on the 



'fil WEST HARRISON STREET. 



? n a i~ X V nnn' ^fluent donations, amounting in all 
to $/,426,000. The university opened its doors to 
students October 1, 1892, and the first year enrolled 
upward of 800 students. The second year this was 
increased to 1.200, the third to 1.500, and the fourth to 
-,000. Building has progressed rapidly, already six- 
teen are completed and others are in process of' erec- 
tion. Over $1,600,000 has already been expended in 
construction in Chicago. The Yerkes Observatory- 
one of its branches, located at Lake Geneva Wis- 
consin, a favorite resort of the wealthv people of 
Chicago, was built at a cost of $400,000 for land build- 
ings and instruments. This is an addition 'to the 
amounts expended as above. Prof. W R Harper 
formerly Semitic professor of languages at Yale was 
chosen president of the University in September 
1890. since which time he has been its guiding spirit 
Already a number of the independent unattached in- 
stitutions of learning of various kinds have united 






EDUCATIONAL. 



93 



with the University of Chicago, and the tendency 
seems to be somewhat general for them to unite under 
the direction of some one of these great institutions. 

Outside of the universities there is a large number 
of medical schools, colleges of various kinds, insti- 
tutes covering special fields of training, and semin- 
aries, which are each doing a valuable and necessary 
work, which the present universities do not under- 
take. 

The Chicago Homoeopathic Medical College is an 
outgrowth from the Hahnemann. It is located, along 
with so many of the medical colleges, in the imme- 
diate vicinity of the Cook County Hospital, at the 
corner of Wood and York streets, Chicago. It is a 
commodious structure, built expressly for the pur- 
poses for which it is used, and is provided with every 
modern appliance required for such an institution. 



cago, is located at 813 YV. Harrison Street. It is one of 
the youngest of the great medical schools of the city, 
but one of the strongest and most popular. The 
main building was constructed in 1SS1, is six stories 
in height, and is provided with every modern con- 
venience for the purposes intended. Special prom- 
inence is given, in its course, to laboratory work. Al- 
though it has no endowment and no connection with 
any powerful university, it has had a rapid and steady 
growth from its first inception. Its annual attend- 
ance averages about four hundred. 

Then follow the Chicago Physio-Medical College, 
which teaches that irritation, pain, fever and inflam- 
mation are not disease, but physiological symptoms 
of disease. In consequence of these fundamental 
principles of medicine, it. in accordance with this 
principle, discards the use of all poisons as curative 




COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN'S AND SURGEONS. WEST HARRISON AND HONORE STREETS. 



The faculty includes many of the most prominent 
homoeopathic physicians in the country. 

The Post-Graduate Medical School was established 
about ten years ago by some of the foremost physi- 
cians of Chicago in order to supply a place where 
regular practitioners could come from time to time 
and obtain the results of the advances in medical 
science. It has been a success from the start. More 
than fourteen hundred physicians from every State in 
the Union, from Mexico and from Canada, have 
availed themselves of the facilities offered. It is 
located at the corner of Dearborn and Twenty-fourth 
Streets, in the center of a medical district embracing 
thr- Woman's Hospital, Michael Reese Hospital, Mercy 
Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital and the Chicago Hos- 
pital. 

The College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Chi- 



agents, and uses none but unquestionably harmless 
agents in the cure of disease, thus aiding nature in 
the cure of disease by efficient and harmless agents. 

The Dunham Medical College is the latest addition 
to the list of homoeopathic medical colleges in Chi- 
cago. It has a beautiful new building, built for its 
own purposes, on Wood Street, opposite the County 
Hospital. Its equipment is remarkably complete and 
well adapted to the work, and it has a large faculty of 
some of the most progressive physicians in Chicago. 

The Chicago Policlinic, a post-graduate medical 
school, is located at 174 to 17(i Chicago avenue. It 
occupies a fine, six story building, built for its own 
use. This is its eleventh season. It numbers among 
its faculty of thirty-seven many of the foremost phy- 
sicians in America, in addition to which it maintains 
a large corps of lecturers, instructors and assist- 



EDUCATIONAL. 



95 



ants. It extends a cordial welcome to physicians 
visiting Chicago to inspect its equipment and attend 
its clinics. 

The Illinois Training School for Nurses, situated 
near the County Hospital, is doing a most valuable 
work in training nurses for an intelligent exercise of 
their profession. It is the largest and most important 
institution of the kind in Chicago. 

The Marion-Sims Training School for Nurses is 
another but smaller school of the same kind. It is 
located at 518 West Adams Street in connection with 
a sanitarium of the same name. This furnishes a 
practical training in the duties of the nurse, and is 
doing an excellent work. 

The Chicago Veterinary College is for the training 
of veterinary surgeons in the use of modern methods 
of medical treatment of dumb animals. 



are already under contemplation. There are at pres- 
ent about 1,000 pupils in regular attendance, under 
the instruction of fifty-four teachers, so that, while 
Chicago can boast of many great things, it has the 
largest art school in America. The collection of 
painting, sculpture, and other objects is such as to 
place the Art Institute among the four leading gal- 
leries in this country. A part of the exhibits are 
owned by the institute and a part are loaned to it, the 
total value of the collection being upward of $2,000,- 
000, about one-half of which are the property of the 
institute. If the ratio of visitors to the institute con- 
tinues throughout the year, as in the past, it will ex- 
ceed 600,000 persons, being larger than any other 
museum in America. The galleries are open to the 
public free on Wednesdays and Saturdays between 
the hours of 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., and on Sundays from 




ARMOri: INSTITUTE. ARMOUR AVENUE AND THIRTY-THIRD STREET. 



In addition to these there is a long list of theologi- 
cal schools, colleges and seminaries, offering every 
variety of theological belief, from which people can 
choose to their liking, embracing Methodist, Baptist, 
Congregational, Presbyterian, Catholic and Episcopal. 

The Art Institute was organized in 1879. It began 
by occupying rented quarters until its magnificent 
home was finished. The Art Institute building is on 
Michigan avenue, facing Adams street. It was built 
in 1892-93 at a cost for the structure alone of more 
than $650,000, which, together with the ground, is 
valued at upward of $2,000,000. Spacious as the build- 
ing is, it is already Inadequate to house the great 
collections of pictures, statuary, etc., which have been 
accumulated. And then, the quarters of the rapidly 
growing art school are filled to overflowing by pu- 
pils from every part of the country. Enlargements 



1 to 5 p. m. On other days an admission fee of 25 
cents is charged, the hours being the same as on other 
week days. 

There are several other notable art collections in 
Chicago, such as that of the Illinois Art Association, 
at 154 Ashland Boulevard, open only to members and 
invited guests, and the Vincennes Gallery of Fine Arts, 
at 3841 Vincennes Avenue, which contains many valu- 
able works of art, which is open at all times without 
admission fee. But there is nothing at all approach- 
ing the Art Institute. 

The Chicago Academy of Sciences, founded in 1857 
is another of these unattached institutions which is 
doing a valuable work of its own. It includes in its 
membership many of the most learned men in Chi- 
cago, specialists in their lines. It has a library of 
over 7,000 volumes, and a museum of its own. 



96 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



This museum contains over 50,000 species, mostly 
of the fauna and flora of the United States, and is said 
to rank fifth among the valuable collections of the 
world. It has recently erected a fine building at the 
Center Street entrance of Lincoln Park, which furn- 
ishes a home to the society. The means for its con- 
struction were contributed by the late Mathew Laflin. 
one of Chicago's wealthy capitalists and early settlers. 
It is known as the Mathew Laflin Memorial Hall. The 
academy now has a membership of about four hun- 
dred and fifty, to which accessions are constantly 
being made. 

Then comes the Chicago Historical Society, organ- 
ized April 24, 1856, which is intended to collect and 



to promote mutual self-help in the work of education 
and for social intercourse. It was established in a 
building at the corner of Wabash Avenue and Twen- 
ty-second Street, where classes were organized and 
work carried on. As the burned over portion of the 
city began again to be covered with buildings, and 
business again centered down town, it was found 
necessary to remove to more accessible quarters. The 
Athenaeum went with the rest. It obtained good 
accommodations, employed competent instructors and 
pushed its work with vigor. Since that time it has 
grown to great proportions. It now occupies the en- 
tire building 18-26 Van Buren Street, employs a corps 
of twenty special teachers and gives instruction in 




NEWBERRY LIBRARY, CLARK AND OAK STREETS. 



preserve whatever of value exists as to the early his- 
tory of Chicago and Illinois. Its home is on Dearborn 
Avenue, and it is supported by contributions from 
some of the wealthy men of Chicago, who are proud 
of their State and city. 

The Chicago Astronomical Society dates back to 
1S62. It is closely allied, if not actually connected 
with, the Northwestern University. When the old 
Chicago University was dissolved it became the pos- 
sessor of the celebrated Dearborn Observatory tele- 
scope, the largest in the West. This it removed to 
Evanston, where it is now in the use of the uni- 
versity. 

The Chicago Athenaeum is another of those unat- 
tached institutions. It was organized in October, 
1871, immediately after the great fire. Its purpose is 



five foreign languages, Greek, Latin, French, German 
and Spanish. Special attention is given to music, 
drawing, elocution, English literature, short-hand and 
gymnastics. The charges for tuition are merely 
nominal. 

The Armour Institute of Technology. — This is an 
institution founded upon a magnificent endowment 
by Philip D. Armour. It embraces a technical col- 
lege, a scientific academy, a department of domestic 
arts, a department of commerce, a department of 
music and a department of kindergartens. The cur- 
riculum embraces English literature, steam, mechani- 
cal and electrical engineering, chemistry, architecture, 
mathematics, modern languages, physics, drawing, 
metallurgy, wood-working, machine work, forging, 
decoration, painting, gymnastics, and a multitude of 



LIBRARIES. 



97 



other practical matters necessary to the ambitious 
young man or woman. Manual training is intro- 
duced as a means of instruction in the technical de- 
partments. 

Besides the equipment of the several scientific de- 
partments, the institute has a fine gymnasium, a 
technical museum and a large library, which is a dis- 
tinctive feature in the life and thought of the com- 
munity. 



which the City Council has appropriated nearly $2,000,- 
000, will be ready for occupancy about May, 1897. 
Messrs. Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge are the designers 
of the architectural monument, which in its practical 
arrangement and the beauty of its interior decoration 
will place it in the front rank among the great library 
buildings of the world. 

The number of volumes now in the library is nearly 
220,000, and the collection is growing at the rate of 




UNITY UNITARIAN CHURCH. 



The Chicago Public Library has occupied, since 
1886, the rooms on the top floor of the city hall. So 
rapid has been the growth of the library that those 
quarters are entirely inadequate to meet the demands 
made upon it by the 55,000 readers who draw books 
from the library for home use, and the thousands who 
frequent the reference and reading rooms. There has 
been erected on Dearborn Park, on Michigan Avenue, 
between Randolph and Washington streets, a magnifi- 
cent new home for the library. This building, for 



10,000 volumes a year. The total circulation of books 
and periodicals in all departments in 1895 was 2,485,- 
052, of which nearly one-half were drawn from the 
library for home use. The annual expense of oper- 
ating the library is $140,000. For the convenience of 
persons living at a distance from the main library the 
Board of Directors maintains thirty-two delivery sta- 
tions, where books may be exchanged free of charge. 
In addition there are also in operation six branch 
reading rooms, each of which is equipped with a well- 



98 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



selected reference library and a selection of the best 
newspapers and periodicals. The public library and 
all its branches are open to the public every day in 
the year from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. The librarian is 
Frederick H. Hild. 




FOURTH BAPTIST CHURCH, ASHLAND BOULEVARD AND WEST 
MONROE STREET 



The Newberry Library. — Mr. Walter L. Newberry, 
one of the pioneers of Chicago, who attained to great 
wealth through sagacious investments in its early 
days, died November 6, 186S, leaving by his will one- 
half of his estate for the founding of a great library 



to hear his name. More than one million of dollars 
was thus realized, which, Ijy careful investment, has 
lieen considerably increased, so that the fund now 
amounts to about $2,500,000. A magnificent library 
building has lately been erected, costing $500,000, 
facing Washington Park, 
between Clark Street and 
Dearborn Avenue. The li- 
brary is being constantly 
added to. so that, on Janu- 
ary 1, 1896, it embraced 
over 140,000 volumes. 

In addition to these gen- 
eral collections of books, 
special libraries are nu- 
merous throughout the 
city. 

The Law Institute is one 
of the most complete and 
valuable law libraries in 
America. It is intended 
strictly for the benefit of 
the bench and bar. It oc- 
cupies commodious apart- 
ments on the top floor of 
the county building, in 
close proximity to the 
courts. 

Medical Libraries. — Ex- 
tensive and valuable libra- 
ries exist in connection 
with all the medical col- 
leges and designed for the 
special use of their own 
faculties and students, but 
which can always be 
reached by members of 
the profession and others 
interested. 



CHURCHES. 

Of course, Chicago is 
well furnished with 
churches, where the relig- 
iously inclined can obtain 
amusement without going 
to the naughty theaters. 
Generally the aristocratic 
ones maintain famous 
preachers and elaborate 
choirs. And they are very 
fairly patronized. It is 
impossible to go into any 
elaborate description of 
particular organizations, 
but a person can find in 
Chicago every variety of 
religion, and almost every 
grade of ability in advo- 
cating it, that may be de- 
sired, from the aristocrat- 
ic ones on the boulevards 



to the gospel missions on Van Buren and on Halsted 
streets. And if none of these should suit a discrimin- 
ating taste, there remains the Salvation Army with its 
numerous gatherings on the street corners and its 
street parades. 



100 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



PHYSICIANS. 



LEWIS LINN M'ARTHUR, M. D. 

Dr. Lewis Linn McArthur was born in Boston, Jan- 
uary 23, 1858, his father being an officer in the army. 
He attended primary school in Chicago Academy, at 
Lake Forest, Illinois, and spent a year at Allen's 
Academy, ?n Chicago, in preparation for college. He 
then entered Santa Clara College, but left in the 
junior year on account of weakness of his eyes. He 
began the study of medicine under Dr. Walker Hay, 



ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN, M. D. 

Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan was born in Chicago, in 
1861. He was prepared for college in the Chicago 
High School. He entered the scientific department at 
Yale; but, at the beginning of his junior year, he left 
the college to begin his medical studies at Rush, 
where he graduated with high honors in the class 
of '83. 

Passing the examinations he entered the United 




LEWIS LINN M'ARTHUR. M. D. 

in 1876, afterward continuing under Dr. John E. 
Owens. In 1877, he entered Rush Medical, and grad- 
uated in 1880, having been assistant to Dr. Haines, 
Demonstrator of Chemistry, during the whole time. 

Dr. McArthur was made interne in Cook County 
Hospital in 1S80, after a competitive examination, tak- 
ing first place. He spent one year abroad in study, at 
Heidelberg and Vienna, especially in the field of sur- 
gery, obstetrics, nose and throat, and of toxicology. 

On his return he was placed in charge of the spring 
course of chemical lectures at Rush, during Prof. 
Haines' absence, after which he lectured for three 
years in the Chicago College of Dental Surgery as Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry. 

Dr. McArthur occupies a place on the staff of the 
Michael Reese Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital, and the 
Chicago Orphan Asylum. He is a member of many of 
the leading medical societies and stands high in the 
profession. 



ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN. M. D. 



States Marine Hospital Service, in which he remained 
until 188S. While stationed in Portland, Oregon, he 
was appointed Professor of Anatomy in the medical 
department of the State University. In 1888, he was 
appointed to the chair of anatomy at Rush; and, in 
1890, surgeon to the Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago. 
Two years later he spent a term in the University of 
Leipzig, and did some special work in Vienna and 
Berlin. 

In 1895, he was appointed surgeon to St. Luke's 
and also St. Elizabeth Hospitals, and Professor 
of Surgery in the Woman's Medical School. In 1896, 
he was married to Miss Anna L. Barbee. 

Dr. Bevan is a member of many medical societies, 
and Vice President of the Chicago Medical. 

He has won distinction both as a teacher of anato- 
my and as an operating surgeon, and is one of the 
most prominent among the younger surgeons of the 
West. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



101 



WILLIAM T. BELFIELD, M. D. 

Dr. William T. Belfield was born at St. Louis, Mis- 
souri, in 1856. He is a graduate of the Chicago gram- 
mar, the high school, and the Michigan University. 
Since his graduation he taught Latin and mathemat- 
ics in the Chicago High School for four years. He 
then took a regular course at the Rush Medical Col- 
lege, graduating in 1878, after which he served a 
term as resident physician at the Cook County Hospital. 
In order to perfect his equipment for his life work, he 
then went abroad and spent two years in thegreat med- 
ical schools and hospitals of Vienna. Paris and London. 
On his return 
he was made 
profess or of 
b acteriology 
and lecturer on 
surgery in Rush 
Medical Col- 
lege, professor 
of genito-urin- 
ary diseases in 
the Chicago 
Policlinic, and 
professor of 
surgery in the 
Chicago College 
of Dental Sur- 
gery. He has 
been five years 
surgeon of the 
Cook County 
Hospital; w a s 
lecturer for the 
Cart w rig ht 
fund, New 
York, in 18S3; 
and was Presi- 
dent of the Chi- 
c a g o Medical 
Society in 1887. 
He is a member 
of the Ameri- 
can Association 
of Genito-Urin- 
a r y Surgery, 
and of the Ath- 
letic, the Mar- 
quette, and the 
Literary Clubs. 
He is also au- 
thor of a vol- 
ume in World's 
Standard L i - 
brary. "The 
Diseases of the 
Urinary and 
Male Sexual 
Organs," of the 
section of the 
"System of Genito-Urinary Diseases." He has ac- 
quired an almost world-wide reputation in this special 
branch of medicine and surgery. 

JOHN ERASMUS HARPER. A. M., M. D. 

Dr. John E. Harper, one of the most eminent eye 
and ear specialists in America, was born in Trigg 
County. Kentucky, in 1851. His parents soon moved 
to Evansville, Indiana, where he was brought up. He 
read medicine under Dr. George B. Walker, of Evans- 
ville. and then took a full course in the medical de- 
partment of the University of New York. At gradua- 
tion h° received first prize for best examination in 
diseases of the eye and ear. He then took a post- 



graduate course in the hospitals of London, Paris, and 
Vienna. On his return, he was made a professor in 
the medical college of Evansville; but he resigned in 
18S2, to accept a professorship of diseases of the eye 
and ear in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of 
Chicago. His conspicuous ability contributed largely 
to the success of this school. For nine years he was 
surgeon-in-chief to the eye and ear department of the 
West Side Free Dispensary, and five years visiting 
surgeon to the eye and ear department of the Illinois 
Eye and Ear Infirmary. He has also filled the same 
position in numerous private institutions. He is a 
member of many of the medical societies, especially 
those relating to his specialty. He was also editor of the 

Western Medi- 
c a 1 




WILLIAM T. BELFIELD, M. D. 



Reporter 
for fifteen 
years. 

SANGER 

BROWN, 

M. D. 

Dr. Sanger 
Brown was 
born at Bloom- 
field. Ontario. 
February 1 6 , 
1852. He lived 
on a farm until 
he was twenty- 
one years old. 
He then at- 
tended the Al- 
bert College 
University a t 
Bellville, Ont., 
where he ma- 
triculated in 
arts and civil 
engineering. He 
pursued his 
studies in civil 
engineering un- 
til 1877, when 
he took up the 
study of medi- 
cine at the 
Bellevue Hos- 
p i t a 1 Medical 
College. New 
York City. Af- 
ter graduation 
in 1880, he be- 
came assistant 
physician on 
the medical 
staff of the New 
York City In- 
sane Asylum, at 
Ward's Island. 
After remaining 



th j re fifteen months he was appointed assistant 
physician at the State Hospital fo>- the Insane, at 
Danvers, Mass., which he resigned after eight months 
to accept a similar one at Bloomingdale Asylum, 
where he remained four years. In both positions he 
was eminently successful. 

Dr. Brown was married in 1885 to Miss Belle Chris- 
tie, of Chicago. 

In the fall of 1886 he went to London and began a 
series of original investigations in the laboratory of 
University College with Prof. Schafer, on the brains 
of monkeys, for the purpose of locating the centers 
of the various special senses. The results were em- 
bodied in a paper presented to the Royal Society of 
London, and published in the philosophical transac- 



102 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



tions. (Vol. 179 (1888). B., pp. 303-327. Returning 
from Europe he settled in Chicago in 1889, where 
he has since remained in the practice of his pro- 
fession. 

In 1890 he was appointed professor of nervous and 
mental diseases in the Post Graduate Medical School 
of Chicago, and in 1891 professor of medical jurispru- 



Chicago. and professor of diseases of the nose, throat 
and ear of the Illinois Medical College. He is a mem- 
ber of a great number of medical and other societies. 
The training Dr. Bishop received during youth, 




SANGER BROWN, M. D. 

denee and hygiene in Rush Medical College, both of 
which positions he still holds. He is attending phy- 
sician in the neurological departments of the St. 
Elizabeth and St. Luke's hospitals; a member of most 
of the local, state and national medical societies, and 
an active member of the Neurological Society of 
London. 

SETH SCOTT BISHOP, M. D.. LL. D. 

Dr. Seth Scott Bishop was born in Fond du Lac, 
Wis., February 7, 1852. He took a three years' course 
at Beloit College, after attending the preliminary and 
regular courses in the medical department of the 
University of New York, in the fall and winter of 
1871-2. Subsequently he studied under Dr. S. S. Bow- 
ers, of Fond du Lac, and entered the Chicago Medical 
College. Here he graduated in 1876 and established 
himself in practice at Fond du Lac. In the fall of 
1879 he removed to Chicago. 

Dr. Bishop has devoted himself in recent years 
mainly to one special branch of practice, in which he 
has carried forward a series of original researches. 
His contrbutions to medical literature, on those sub- 
jects, have attracted wide attention from the profes- 
sion and made a demand for a more extended and for- 
mal presentation of the results of his studies. In 
response to that demand. Dr. Bishop has in course of 
publication a work on "Diseases of the Ear, Nose and 
Throat," which is to be used as a text book in the 
medical colleges. 

Dr. Bishop has been a member of the staff of the 
South Side Free Dispensary and the West Side Free 
Dispensary; is surgeon to the Illinois Masonic Or- 
phan's Home, and the Illinois Charitable Eye and 
Ear Infirmary, and consulting surgeon to the Silver 
Cross Hospital at Joliet. He is professor of otology 
in the Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital of 




SETH SCOTT BISHOP, M. D. 

while serving his time in the printing office of a coun- 
try newspaper, has naturally inclined him to cultivate 
journalistic work, in which he has been engaged for a 
number of years. He is one of the editors of the 
"Laryngascope," a journal devoted to diseases of the 
nose, throat and ear. and writes extensively for other 
journals in this and other countries. 




ALMON BROOKS, M. D. 
Dr. Almon Brooks was born at Warren, Ohio, March 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



103 



22, 1841. He graduated from the high school at the 
age of eighteen, and was immediately made professor 
of mathematics in Thurman Academy, where he con- 
tinued to pursue his classical and scientific studies. 
He began the study of medicine at Richmond, Va., but 
this was interrupted by the war. Subsequently he 
matriculated at the University of Virginia, from which 
institution he graduated in 1865, with the degree of 
doctor of medicine. In 1S66 he married and settled 
in Memphis, Tenn.. where he was called to contend 
with the great yellow fever epidemics of 1867 anr 1 
1868. True to the demands of his profession he never 



ies were resumed at Queen's College, Kingston, Can- 
ada, and after two years graduated with honors. For 
several years the young doctor practiced in his native 
village of Lyn. Desiring to perfect himself in one 
special branch of his profession. Dr. Coleman turned 
his attention to the department of eye and ear. He 
spent a year in England at Moorfield's Eye Hospital 
and the London Hospital, at the close of which he took 
the degree of M. R. C. S. England. Returning to Can- 
ada, he settled in Toronto, forming a partnership with 
Dr. Rosebrugh, an oculist and aurist of established 
reputation. He soon after was appointed surgeon 




RESIDENCE OF DR. ALMON BROOKS, 4643 LAKE AVENUE. 



flinched. He was assigned to one district of the city 
for the care of the indigent, and faithfully he per- 
formed his trust. Finding himself broken in health at 
the close of 1868, he went to Hot Springs, Ark., to 
recuperate. Here he saw a great field of labor opened 
up to him, and here he located, spending ten years of 
uninterrupted labor, after which he removed to Chi- 
cago. Dr. Brooks has built up a very extensive and 
lucrative practice. It is strictly confined to office 
work. He resides in a beautiful home on Lake ave- 
nue, one of the most pleasing and picturesque in the 
city. He has made himself a name and fame in the 
profession and the public of which any man might well 
be proud. 

W. FRANKLIN COLEMAN. M. D.. M. R. C. S. 

Dr. W. Franklin Coleman was born in Brockville. 
Canada. He began the study of medicine at McCill 
College, Montreal, where, at the completion of his 
third year, an attack of typhoid induced him to re- 
linquish medicine. Two years later his medical stud 



to the Toronto Eye and Ear Infirmary, which position 
he held for seven years. With a view of acquiring 
further knowledge in his specialty. Dr. Coleman went 
abroad, spending a year in the clinics of Vienna and 
Heidelberg, under the guidance of Jaeger, Politzer 
and O'Becker. Upon his return to Canada he selected 
St. Johns, N. B., as his field for special practice; and 
here another seven years' service won him a Rachael 
and goodly wages. But the oculist's ambition out- 
stripped the confines of this quiet Canadian city; and 
having, in addition to a large private practice, gained 
a rich experience from his position as sole oculist and 
aurist to the Provincial Hospital, he again turned 
westward and settled in Chicago, where, in a few 
years, he has earned a good practice and wide reputa- 
tion. Finding here no school for graduates in medi- 
cine. Dr. Coleman, after a year of persevering labor, 
succeeded in organizing the Chicago Policlinic. The 
management of this institution proving unsatisfactory 
to himself and some of his colleagues, they established 
the Post Graduate Medical School of Chicago. Dr. 
Colt man is a member of the Chicago Opthalmological 



104 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



Society, of the Chicago Medical Society, of the Illinois 
State Medical Society and of the American Medical 
Association. He is oculist and aurist to the Chicago 
Charity Hospital, president and oculist to the Post 
Graduate Hospital, director and professor of ophthal- 




W. FRANKLIN COLEMAN, M. D. 

mology in the Post Graduate Medical School of Chi- 
cago; also examiner of pension claims for eye and 
ear applicants. 

HENRY T. BYFORD, M. D. 
Dr. Henry T. Byford was born in 1S53, at Evans- 




in Chicago. At eleven, he was sent to school in Ger- 
many. Three years later he graduated at the high 
school in Berlin. After one term at the Chicago Uni- 
versity, he began a course at Williston Seminary, 
graduating from the scientific department in 1870. 
He then entered the Chicago Medical College and grad- 
uated in 1873, valedictorian of his class, at the age of 
nineteen. Even while a student, he passed an ex- 
amination and was appointed interne at Mercy Hos- 
pital. Since his graduation his progress in his pro- 
fession has been rapid. He was one of the founders 
of the Post Graduate Medical School, holding the chair 
of gynaecology. He is professor of gynaecology in 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons; clinical pro- 
fessor of gynaecology in the Woman's Medical Col- 
lege; gynaecologist to St. Luke's Hospital, and sur- 
geon to the Woman's Hospital. He is an active mem- 
ber of several medical societies. 

In addition to his fame as a physician he has a 
wide renown as an inventor. Many of the now popular 
surgical operations were devised by him, and in ad- 
dition to that he possesses a genius for mechanics 
which has enabled him to turn out a great number of 
mechanical appliances for use in his profession, of 
great practical utility. 

Dr. Byford we.s married November 9, 1882, to Miss 
Lucy Larned, a woman of rare taste and accomplish- 
ments. They have four children, two girls and two 
boys. 

JOSEPH ELLIOTT COLBURN, M. D. 

Dr. Joseph Elliott Colburn was born in Massena, 
St. Lawrence County, N. Y., September 22, 1853. 
After leaving school he began the study of medicine 




HENRY T. BY: 

ville, Ind. He was given ex 
his father, Dr. W. H. Byford 



)RD. M. D. 

ceptional advantages by 
an eminent practitioner 



JOSEPH E. COLBURN. M. D. 

with Dr. Orrin McFadden, at Massena, and afterward 
entered the Medical College at Albany, in 1873. He 
graduated in 1877 and began practice as assistant to 
Dr. Fisher, at Colton, New York. At Dr. Fisher's 
death Dr. Colburn succeeded to his practice. In time 
this extended, and he was obliged to transfer his resi- 
dence to Canton. Here he engaged in the special study 
of the eye and ear, prosecuting his researches in the 
New York Charity Hospital. In 1882 he came to Chi- 
cago on a visit, where he was offered a position as 
assistant surgeon of the eye department of the Illi- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



105 



nois State Eye and Ear Infirmary, which he accepted, 
and thus became a resident of this city. In Decem- 
ber of the same year Dr. Colburn was appointed oph- 
thalmic surgeon to the Central Free Dispensary. In 
the spring of 18S3 he was elected assistant medical 
director to the Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, 
and in 1SS6 he helped to organize the first Post Grad- 
uate Medical School, the Chicago Policlinic, of which 
he has been a lecturer since that time. In 1888 he was 
appointed surgeon of Cook County Hospital, and in 
1890 went abroad for observation and study. 

In 1893 Dr. Colburn's business became so large that 
he withdrew from the Northwestern Masonic Aid As- 
sociation, and other outside connections, except the 
Chicago Policlinic. His contributions to the litera- 
ture of the profession have been confined almost ex- 
clusively to the relation of functional nervous dis- 
eases to the eve. and the errors and maladjustment of 
the external muscles of the eye; also excentnc poses 
of the head, due to cross-eyes and like mal-forma- 

1 Dr. Colburn is married to Miss Lettie M. Ellis, of 
Colton, N. Y. 

DR. CHARLES GILBERT DAVIS. 
Both the father and mother of this eminent physi- 
cian and surgeon were professors of the healing art 
and the father. Dr. George W. Davis, was renowned 
in Kansas both for his courage and learning. The in- 
stitutions of learning and practice through which Dr. 
Davis has passed are many, and include the Christian 
University of Ottumwa, Kan.; the Cincinnati Eclectic 
Medical Institute, the Virginia University, the Quar- 
antine Hospital of St. Louis, the Missouri Medical Col- 
lege and the International Hospital at Pans, France, 
wliere he passed six months under the eye of the 



NATHAN SMITH DAVIS, JR., M. D. 

Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, Jr., Chicago, 111., son of 
Nathan S. and Anna M. (Parker) Davis, was born 
September 5, 1858, at Chicago. 111. After receiving 
a preliminary education at private schools in Chicago, 
he attended Northwestern University, from which he 
received the degree of A. B. in 1880, and A. M. in 1883. 
He begun the study of medicine with his father, Dr. 




world-renowned surgeon, Dr. Pean. He has also at- 
tended the principal clinics of Europe. Dr. Davis 
founded the National Christian Temperance Hospital 
of Chicago, and is surgeon-in-chief of the Chicago Bap- 
tist Hospital. He has occupied his present offices for 
a quarter of a century, and lives on Prairie avenue, 
near Twenty-sixth street. He is still in the prime of 
life, is married, and is the father of two sons ap- 
proaching manhood. 




N. S. DAVIS. JR 



Nathan S. Davis, in 1880; attended three courses of 
lectures at the Chicago Medical College, and grad- 
uated in 1883, when he began practice in Chicago, and 
has continued it since. In 1S85 he took a post-grad- 
uate course in medicine at Heidelberg, Germany, and 
Vienna, Austria. 

Dr. Davis was made associate professor of pathology 
in Northwestern University Medical College in 1884, 
and was transferred to the professorship of princi- 
ples and practice of medicine and of clinical medicine, 
in the same school, in 1886. He became physician to 
Mercy Hospital in 1884. He was formerly secretary 
of the section of practice of medicine in the American 
Medical Association, member of the council of the 
section of pathology, Ninth International Medical 
Congress, and of the council of the section of prac- 
tice, Pan-American Medical Congress; chairman of 
the section of practice, Illinois State Medical Society, 
1893; trustee of Northwestern University: and mem- 
ber of the general board of management of the Young 
Men's Christian Association of Chicago. He is a mem- 
ber of the American Medical Association, American 
Academy of Medicine, Illinois State Medical Society, 
Chicago Medical Society, Chicago Medico-Legal So- 
ciety, Chicago Academy of Sciences. Illinois State Mi- 
croscopical Society, Chicago Literary Club, etc. 

Dr. Davis is the author of numerous contributions 
to medical literature and of two books: "Consump- 
tion: How to Prevent It and How to Live with It." 
intended for physicians and consumptives; also a 
work on "Diseases of the Lungs. Heart and Kidneys." 

He married, in 1884, at Madison, Wis., Miss Jessie 
B., daughter of the late Judge Hopkins. They have 
two children living. Nathan Smith Davis, third, and 
Ruth Davis; one child is deceased. 



106 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



ALLEN CORSON COWPERTHWAIT, M. D., PH. D., 
LL. D 

Allen Corson Cowperthwait was born May 3, 1S48, 
at Philadelphia, Pa. His father was a dentist, a gen- 
tleman of liberal culture, a graduate of the University 
of Pennsylvania and noted as a mathematician, being 
author of a work on the calculus. 

In his infancy his parents moved to Toulon, 1:1., 
where he was brought up in a new and undeveloped 
country. He obtained, by way of schooling, whatever 
the common country schools could give, to which he 
added a course, at the Toulon Seminary. He contin- 
ued his studies, working in the meanwhile at the 
printer's trade and as book and insurance agent. "Par- 
son Brownlow's 
Book,"forwhich 
he was agent, 
was one of his 
successes. I t 
was a material 
assistance i n 
enabling him to 
sustain himself 
in his studies. 
He spent four 
years at this 
kind of work, 
when he began 
the study of 
medicine, under 
Dr. Bacmeister, 
of Toulon. Af- 
terward he stud- 
ied under the 
celebrated D r. 
Consta n t i n e 
Hering, of Phil- 
adelphia, grad- 
uating from the 
Hahn e m a n n 
Medical College 
of Philadelphia 
on March 3, 
1869. After re- 
ceiving his di- 
ploma he locat- 
ed for practice 
at Galva, Henry 
County, Illinois. 
Here he re- 
mained for four 
years, until he 
removed to Ne- 
braska City, 
Neb. 

Dr. Cowper- 
thwait was one 
of the pioneers 
in h o m o e o- 
pathy in Ne- 
braska ; and it 
was mainly by 
his efforts that 

the homoeopathic physicians of the state were organ- 
ized into the Nebraska State Homoeopathic Medical 
Association. It has since become a very flourishing 
organization. He also contributed extensively to the 
literature of medicine, soon becoming a recognized au- 
thority on many subjects. In 1876 his first complete 
medical work was published. "Insanity in Its Medico- 
Legal Relations," and in the same year he lectured 
before the faculty and students of the Central Univer- 
sity of Iowa, so effectually that the institution con- 
ferred upon him the degree of doctor of philosophy. 
In 1S77 he was elected to the chair of mental and 
nervous diseases in the Hahnemann Medical College 




ALLEN C. COWPERTHWAIT 



of Philadelphia; but about the same time he was ten- 
dered the position of dean and professor of materia 
medica in the newly organized homoeopathic medical 
department of the State University of Iowa, which he 
accepted. This position he held for fifteen years, un- 
til he removed to Chicago in 1892. 

Dr. Cowperthwait is the author of several valuable 
medical works, all of which have met with a large de- 
mand. In 1880 the first edition of his "Materia Med- 
ica" appeared, and it has since passed through seven 
editions, being the most extensively used as a text 
book of any on that subject published. In 1888 his 
"Gynaecology" was published and was well received 
by the profession. In 1885 Shurtleff College, at Alton, 
111., conferred upon him the degree of doctor of laws 

in recognition 
of his great lit- 
erary attain- 
ments, and in 
1887 he was 
elected a fellow 
of the So- 
ciety of Sci- 
ence, Literature 
and Arts, of 
London, Eng- 
land. 

Dr. Cowper- 
thwait has been 
six times ten- 
dered a chair in 
the University 
of Michi gan, 
and in 1884 he 
accepted the 
chair of materia 
medica and 
therapeutics in 
the Homoeo- 
pathic Medical 
College of that 
institution and 
became dean of 
the faculty, still 
retaining h i s 
connection with 
the University 
of Iowa, but at 
the end of one 
year he found 
that the de- 
mands were too 
heavy for his 
endurance and 
he resigned his 
Michigan a p- 
pointment. 

In 1S92 Dr. 
Cowperthwait 
removed to Chi- 
cago and was at 
once elected 
professor of ma- 
teria medica 
and therapeutics in the Chicago Homoeopathic Col- 
lege, which place he still holds. Since coming to Chi- 
cago he has been honored with many hospital ap- 
pointments. He is also prominent in all the medical 
societies to which he belongs. He has held official 
positions in nearly all of them. He is an active and 
influential member of the Independent Order of Odd 
Fellows, having filled every subordinate position in 
the lodge. He has been a member of the grand lodges 
of Illinois. Iowa and Nebraska, and has occupied the 
highest offices in the grand encampment. 

The doctor has always been prominent in the ac- 
tivities of the state and national medical societies 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



10? 



and is an honorary member of several state associa- 
tions. He has been president of the state societies 
of both Iowa and Nebraska. In 1S75 he became a 
member of the American Institute of Homoeopath> . 
having attended every meeting since and been closely 
identified with its work. In 1884 he was chosen to the 
vice presidency and in 1887 was elected president of 
the latter body. 

In religion Dr. Cowperthwait is a Baptist, having 
been closly identified with the work of that denomina- 
tion since 1866. Politically he is a Republican. He 
was married in 1870 to Miss Ida E. Irving, of Osca- 
loosa, Iowa. One son and a daughter have been the 
fruit of this union. 

Professionally Dr. Cowperthwait has made his great- 
est reputation 
as a specialist 
in the success- 
t u 1 treatment 
with medicines 
of the various 
diseases pecu- 
liar to women 
and without the 
use of the knife, 
except in pure- 
1 y surgical 
cases, he being 
unalterably op- 
posed to the 
present popular 
method of oper- 
ating upon all 
cases presented 
for treatment. 

JAMES HENRY 

ETHERIDGE. 

M. D. 

Dr. James 
Henry E t h er- 
idge, who for 
twenty - five 
years has occu- 
pied a leading 
place, not only 
in the practice 
of medicine, but 
in teaching it, 
was born i n 
Johnsville, N. 
Y., March 20. 
1S11. His fath- 
er, Dr. Francis 
B. E the ridge. 
was a physician 
and surgeon for 
fort y-s even 
years. His moth- 
er was Fanny 
Easton, of Con- 
necticut. Hisan- 
cestry on his 

father's side, for five generations and on his moth- 
er's for seven, were English. His father served as 
surgeon of one of the Minnesota volunteer regiments 
during the war. He died at Hastings, Minn., in 1871. 

Dr. James H. Etheridge, the subject of this sketch, 
early received just as complete a training as the com- 
mon schools of New York furnished. He had pre- 
pared himself, and fitted himself to enter the junior 
class at Harvard, at the time of the breaking out of 
the war: but that put an end to his aspirations in 
that direction. He determined to devote his life to 
medicine, and in this he had the assistance of his 
father, with whom he took a four year course of read- 




JAMES II. ETHKRIDUK. XI. 1>. 



ing and then entered the University of Michigan, 
where he took a one year course of medicine with his 
father; attended one course of medicine at the medi- 
cal department of the University of Michigan and a 
two years' course at the Rush Medical College, at 
Chicago. Afterward, from 1869 to 1870, inclusive, he 
spent in Europe in study at the famous hospitals of 
of the principal cities. 

In 1871 Dr. Etheridge returned and began the prac- 
tice of medicine in Chicago. He was, almost at once, 
elected as lecturer on materia medica and therapeu- 
tics in his Alma Mater, the Rush Medical College, 
which he held for two years, after which he was reg- 
ularly elected to a professorship, occupying successive- 
ly the chairs of materia medica, therapeutics, medical 

jurisprudenc e, 
gynaecology 
and obstetrics 
and gynaecol- 
ogy. He is one 
of the gynaecol- 
ogists of the 
Pres byt erian 
Hospital and of 
the Central 
Free Dispensa- 
ry: also of the 
Chicago P o 1 i- 
clinic Hospital. 
He has occu- 
pied a position 
on the staff of 
the Woman's 
Hospital of the 
State of Illinois, 
and for many 
years was con- 
nected with the 
St. Joseph's and 
St. Luke's Hos- 
pitals. He is an 
occasional con- 
tributor to the 
medical jour- 
nals, and a 
member of the 
ChicagoMedical 
Society, the Chi- 
cago Medico- 
Legal Society, 
the Gynaecolog 
ical Society (of 
which he was 
president 
in 1890), the Illi- 
nois Society, the 
In ternat ional 
Medical Con- 
gress of Ob- 
stetricians and 
Gynaecologists 
and of the Pan- 
American Medi- 
c a 1 Congress. 
He was president of the Chicago Medical Society in 
1887 and of the Chicago Gynaecological Society in 
1889. 

Dr. Etheridge has been a conspicuous figure in the 
medical world of Chicago for many years. He stands 
in the very front rank of the practitioners of his 
day, a broad, liberal minded and progressive man; 
and with more than ordinary ability in his pro- 
fession. 

Dr. Etheridge was married June 20, 1870, to Har- 
riett Elizabeth Powers, of Evanston, a daughter of 
Herman G. Powers, of the same place, who was long 
identified with the banking and commercial inter- 



108 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



ests of Chicago. They have two daughters. Dr. 
Etheridge is a Presbyterian in religion and a repub- 
lican in politics; but in local matters he cuts loose 
from party ties and votes for the best men regardless 
of politics. 

In personal appearance, Dr. Etheridge is tall and 
commanding in appearance. He is more than average 
weight, genial, courteous and refined, popular alike 
with all who come to know him. He easily wins 
casual acquaintances and holds those who know him 
well. 

JOHN E. GILMAN. M. D. 

Dr. John E. Gilman, one of Chicago's most illustrious 
physicians, 
comes of a long 
line of ancestry 
of far more 
than ordinary 
ability and at- 
tainments. In 
1638, John Gil- 
man, an Eng- 
lishman and a 
Puritan, came 
to America and 
settled at Exe- 
ter, New Hamp- 
shire. He was 
active in colo- 
nial affairs; 
and, in 16S0, 
was one of the 
royal commis- 
sioners at the 
time of the 
separation o f 
New Ham p- 
shire fromMas- 
sach u setts. 
Other members 
of his family 
have been suc- 
cessively treas- 
urer and gover- 
nor of New 
Hampshire and 
leaders in the 
rev olutionary 
war. Then we 
find them serv- 
ing on the staff 
of George 
Washington, as 
members of the 
C o n t i nental 
Congress, i n 
the house of 
representatives 
and in the Uni- 
ted States sen- 
ate. Later also 
we find them 

in the constitutional convention which framed the 
Constitution of the United States, at Philadelphia, 
followed by a long list of authors, doctors, teachers, 
divines and men famous in the field of science, among 
them Daniel Coit Gilman, the first president of Johns 
Hopkins University. 

Such was Dr. Gilman's ancestry, no prouder which 
can be found in America. His father was an eminent 
practitioner who early sought to instill his own en- 
thusiasm, for his profession, into his son. From a 
boy he trained him to it, so that he looked forward 
to it as his life's work. 

At the time of the great fire, Dr.Gilman had finished 




JOHN E. GILJIAX. M. D 



his education at Hahnemann Medical College in Chi- 
cago; and made for himself a considerable fame, when 
that fell calamity swept down upon the city. With- 
out waiting to count the cost — without stopping to 
consider the laborious exertions which it entailed, or 
questioning whether or not he would ever be paid 
for his services — he at once offered those services to 
the city in the case of the sick and destitute suf- 
ferers by that calamity. Many a day, for twenty 
hours out of the twenty-four, he stood to his self- 
imposed task, ministering to the destitute and suf- 
fering. He was made, secretary of the Relief and 
Aid Society, and. in that capacity, served with un- 
tiring devotion until the emergency was passed. 
Dr. Gilman was born at Harmar. a suburb of Mari- 
etta, Ohio, July 
24, 1841. As 
has already 
been stated, his 
father was an 
eminent practi- 
tioner. During 
h i s boyhood, 
John E. used 
t o accompany 
his father on 
his visits; as- 
sist him in his 
surgical opera- 
tions, and in 
many ways at- 
tend to the 
wants of pa- 
tients. The 
father died 
when John was 
only seventeen 
years old; but a 
bent had been 
given to the 
young man's 
i n c 1 inations; 
and he neglect- 
ed no opportu- 
nity to add to 
the fund of 
knowledge 
which he had 
been acquiring. 
He placed him- 
self under the 
tutelage of his 
elder brother, 
at Marietta, O., 
for one year, 
after which he 
studied under 
Dr. George 
H a r t w e 1 1 , 
of Toledo. He 
finished his 
medical educa- 
tion at Hahne- 
mann Medical 
College, of Chicago. Since that time he has been in 
active practice in this city. 

Dr. Gilman's generous conduct at the time of the 
great fire has already been partially told. The world 
does not permit services like that to go unrewarded, 
and honors have flowed thick and fast for Dr. Gil- 
man. His private practice increased until it came 
to be one of the most considerable in the city. Then 
there came a demand for his services in the training 
of new candidates for the profession. In 1884 Dr. 
Gilman was appointed to the chair of physiology, 
sanitary science and hygiene in Hahnemann: and in 
1892 he was elected to that of materia medica and 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



109 



therapeutics, which he continues to hold. He is 
equally gifted as a teacher and lecturer to what he is 
as a practitioner. He is a frequent contributor to the 
literature of the profession; and in all his writings 
he is clear, logical and forceful. Nor are his writings 
confined to medicine. They cover a wide range of 
subjects. He is an art critic of recognized merit; and 
has been identified with the promotion of art in 
Chicago for many years. He took part in building 
up the Crosby Opera House Art Gallery; and, for a 
long time, assisted in editing the Chicago Art Journal. 

Dr. Gilman was married in 1860 to Miss Mary D. 
Johnson, also of old Puritan stock. They have one 
son, a physician of great promise. 

Thus Dr. Gilman has fulfilled an ideal career as a 
physician, one full of helpfulness and sympathy for 
his fellow men and one in which his broad and com- 
prehensive mind has found ample expression without 
pain or bitterness to others. He has sought, by lend- 
ing a helping hand to reduce the sum total of human 
suffering, rather than to add to it by the oppression of 
others, and in doing so he has won the esteem both 
of the profession and the world. 

ALBERT GOLDSPOHN, M. D. 

Dr. Albert Goldspohn was born in Dane County, 
Wisconsin, September 23, 1851. He was always a 
student, preferring to spend his time in study and 
work than in the frivolities of his associates. After 




ALBERT GOLDSPOHN, M. D. 

passing through the graded schools he served an ap- 
prenticeship in a drug store for the study of drugs. 
Here he conceived a fondness for the study of medi- 
cine; and, after two years, entered the Northwestern 
College, at Naperville, where he graduated as Bachelor 
i Science, in 1875. He now entered Rush Medical 
College and graduated in 1878; and then, as a finish 
to his professional education, he served eighteen 
months as Interne in the Cook County Hospital, fol- 
lowed by a post graduate course of two years in the 
great European universities of Heidelberg, Wurzburg, 
Strasburg, Halle and Berlin, giving special study to 
surgery and gynecology. In 1887, he returned to Chi- 
cago and entered upon private practice. He became 
attending gynecologist at the German Hospital and 



professor of gynecology in the Post Graduate Medical 
School and Hospital of Chicago. 

Dr. Goldspohn is a member of a number of local, 
national and international medical societies. He is a 
frequent contributor to the literature of his profession. 

Dr. Goldspohn married Miss Victoria E. Escher for 
his first wife, who died in June, 1885. He is now mar- 
ried to Miss Cornelia E. Walz, of Stuttgart, Germany. 

LEMUEL CONAUT GROSVENOR, M. D. 

Dr. Lemuel Conaut Grosvenor is the eldest son of 
Deacon Silas N. and Mary A. (Conaut) Grosvenor. He 
was born at Paxton, Massachusetts, in 1833. His 
father was a leading business man of that place. 
From his early boyhood, Lemuel had a strong inclina- 
tion to medicine, as a profession; but it was not until 
he began to prosecute his higher studies that he 
finally determined upon it. 

Before he was thirteen years of age he attended 
the Williston Seminary, at East Hampton, Mass., but 
removed with his parents to Worcester, in 1S44, where 
he entered the High School of that city, remaining 
four years. Here he took an active part in all the social 
and literary movements among the students. He cul- 
tivated a taste for public speaking and joined actively 
in their debates. All this had an important bearing 
upon his subsequent career. When he was seventeen 
years old his parents removed to Sauk County, Wis- 
consin. His first winter in Wisconsin he spent teach- 
ing school at West Point, Columbia County, where he 
made a great success. It was an ordinary country 
school where the teacher was required to "board 
round." For this winter's work he received $60 in 
gold, which seemed to him a fortune. He determined 
to spend it in perfecting his education. With his 
father's consent, he set out to do this and make his 
way in the world. With his little personal belongings 
he walked 100 miles to Milwaukee, and journeyed 
thence to his old home at Worcester, Mass. Here 
he re-entered the High School: taking post graduate 
studies, especially mathematics; supporting himself by 
work and supplementing that by teaching an evening 
school. He afterward taught at Scituate, Rutland and 
South Hingham. After two years he was made head 
master of the old Mather School in Dorchester, the 
oldest free school in America. Here he remained seven 
years, during three of w<hieh he was secretary of the 
Massachusetts Teachers' Association. He was offered 
a chair in the Brooklyn Polytechnic School; but he had 
formed other plans. He declined it to go west. He 
entered the Cleveland Medical College, from which he 
graduated in 1864, with the degree of M. D., establish- 
ing himself at Peoria, Illinois. He then returned east 
and married Miss Ellen M. Prouty, of Dorchester, a 
woman of rare beauty and personal attainments. She 
died in 1874. 

From Peoria, Dr. Grosvenor removed to Galesburg, 
and there, in a remarkably short time, built up an ex- 
tensive practice among the wealthy families; but he 
found that his sphere of usefulness was too prescribed, 
and that his real field of labor was in Chicago, which 
offered unlimited scope for development. Accord- 
ingly be removed here in 1870, the year before the 
fire. When that fell disaster overtook the city 
he was the only physician in that portion of the North 
Side whose house was not burned. Dr. Grosvenor, 
like many other noble hearted physicians, volunteered 
his services, without thought of remuneration, to min- 
istering to the wants of the sick and destitute by that 
catastrophe. Night and day he toiled to relieve suf- 
fering and care for the needy. So conspicuous was 
bis work and so beneficent, that he won the grati- 
tude of thousands and the esteem of the public in gen- 
eral. He was given the confidence of the people from 
the start. He also attracted the attention of the 
profession, which gladly recognized his superior abil- 



110 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



ities and crowned him with honors. When the new 
Homoeopathic College was completed, a new chair 
of sanitary science was created for him, the first of 
the kind in any college. He brought to it the same 
zeal and intelligent devotion that had marked his 
whole professional career; and through his efforts, he 
has made it one of the most important branches of 
medical science. Today, there is not a medical col- 
lege without its chair of sanitary science. His lec- 
tures on his special subjects have won him world- 
wide renown. His improvements in the dress of in- 
fants have been adopted in almost every civilized 
country in the world. He has especially distinguished 
himself in obstetrics, having 'been appointed to the 
chair of clinical obstetrics in his college. 

Dr. Grosven- 
or is a member 
of the Chicago 
Acade my of 
Physicians and 
Surgeons; and 
was three times 
elected its pres- 
ident. He was 
three years 
president of the 
American Pae- 
dological So- 
ciety and mem- 
ber of the Am- 
erican Institute 
of Homoeop- 
athy. He is a 
member of the 
Lincoln Park 
Congregational 
Church; and 
for several 
years, was pres- 
ident of its 
board of trust- 
ees. He was a 
charter mem- 
ber of the Con- 
g r e g a t ional 
Club. In poli- 
tics, he is a Re- 
publican. 

One distin- 
guishing char- 
acteristic of Dr. 
Grosvenor's ca- 
reer is, that he 
had not finished 
his education 
when he left 
school. He had 
only learned 
how to educate 
himself. He has 
been acquiring 
his education 
ever since. He 
is notably one 
of those men who grow riper in knowledge, experi- 
ence and personal character as they grow older. 
Such men never stop growing. They are always re- 
newing their youth. One of Dr. Grosvenor's delights 
is to inspire young men and young women to right 
living, such as will develop their physical, mental and 
moral persons in harmonious relationships. His lec- 
tures to girls, on "How to be Beautiful," and those to 
boys, practically along the same line, are models of 
elegance and wisdom. 

Three years after the death of his first wife, Dr. 
Grosvenor was again married; this time to Miss 
Naomi Bassett. of Taunton, Mass. 




LEMUEL CONANT GROSVENOR, M. D. 



SAMUEL PARKER HEDGES, M. D. 

Dr. Samuel Parker Hedges was born July 23, 1841, 
in Sinclairsville, N. Y. He entered the office of his 
uncle, Dr. W. S. Hedges, of Jamestown, to study 
medicine, when President Lincoln issued a call for 
additional soldiers to carry on the war. He laid 
aside his books and enlisted as a private in the 
112th New York Volunteer Infantry July 23, 1862, 
his twenty-first birthday. From private to sergeant 
and orderly-sergeant were quick promotions. He 
commanded his company in the battle of the Deserted 
House, where he won a second lieutenant's commis- 
sion. Soon after he was made aide-de-camp on the 
staff of Brigadier-General R. S. Foster, and later, 

first lieutenant 
and adjutant of 
his regiment. 

On May 16th, 
1864, he was 
captured by the 
c o n f ederates. 
He was sent 
successively to 
Libby Prison, 
Macon, Ga., Sa- 
vannah and to 
Charleston, S. 
C, where he 
was exposed to 
the fire of the 
Union batter- 
ies. At last, 
after it became 
impossible 
for the Confed- 
erates any 
longer to fur- 
nish even the 
wretched fare 
which they had 
done, Lieuten- 
ant Hedges, 
along with 
1,4 other 
Union officers, 
was offered a 
parole if they 
would bind 
themselves not 
to bear arms 
against the 
C o n f ederacy. 
Not a man ac- 
cepted, and the 
whole were 
turned loose 
near Wilming- 
ton, N. C. On 
his return to 
his company, 
he was pro- 
moted to cap- 
tain. 



At the close of the war, Mr. Hedges entered the 
Homoeopathic Medical College at Cleveland, 0. In 
1866-7 he attended the Hahnemann Medical College, 
Chicago, and took his degree in 1867. In 1869 to 1874 he 
filled the chair of General and Descriptive Anatomy at 
the Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago. In 1887 and 
1890 he was made Chairman of the Bureau of Gynae- 
cology in the American Institute of Homoeopathy. He 
was secretary and president of the Cook County 
Homoeopathic Medical Society; has been president of 
the Illinois State Homoeopathic Medical Society and 
an active member of many others in the same 
field. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Ill 



He was elected Professor of Theory and Practice 
of Medicine in the Chicago Homoeopathic Medical Col- 
lege, but his health would not permit him to lecture. 




SAMUEL PARKER HEDGES. M. D. 

He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic; 
also a member of the Loyal Legion, Illinois Com- 
mandery. 

JAMES NEVENS HYDE, M. D. 

Dr. James Nevens Hyde was born in Norwich, Con- 
necticut. He graduated at Yale in the class of '61, 




JAMES N. HTDE, M. D. 

receiving the degree of A. B., and later A. M., from 
the same university. His medical education began at 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York. 



but was interrupted on his acceptance during the 
civil war of a position as assistant surgeon in the 
United States Navy, from which he was promoted, 
after examination, to past assistant surgeon. This 
office he resigned in order to complete his education 
at the medical department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania, where he received his degree of M. D. In 
1869 he received M. D. eunduni from Rush. 

Dr. Hyde has successfully occupied the position of 
professor of skin and venereal diseases at Rush. He 
is dermatologist at the Presbyterian and Michael 
Reese Hospitals; also consulting dermatologist at the 
Woman's and Children's Hospital. He is a member 
of several Greek letter college societies, and the fol- 
lowing medical societies: The British Medical Asso- 
ciation, the American Medical Association, American 
Dermatological Association, American Association of 
Genito-Urinary Surgeons, the Congress of American 
Physicians and Surgeons, the Chicago Medical So- 
ciety and also the Practitioners' Club. 

Among his many writings may be mentioned three 
editions of "A Treatise on Diseases of the Skin," and 
chapters on syphilis and skin diseases in the leading 
books on these subjects. 

E. FLETCHER INGALS, M. D. 

Dr. E. Fletcher Ingals was born in Lee Center, 111., 
September 29. 1848. He attended the State Normal 
Institution and the Rock River Seminary, at Mt. Mor- 
ris, 111. He graduated at Rush Medical College in 
1871, and became connected with its spring faculty, 
a position which he held until he was elected to the 
chair of Laryngology and Diseases of the Ohest. He 
holds the chair of Diseases of the Throat and Chest 
in the Woman's Medical School, and is professor of 




E. FLETCHER INGALS. M. D. 

Laryngology and Rhinology in the Chicago Policlinic. 
He is attending physician for Diseases of the Throat 
at the Presbyterian Hospital; Laryngologist to St. 
Joseph's Hospital; Consulting Physician for Diseases 
of the Throat and Chest at the Central Free Dispen- 
sary; consulting Laryngologist for the Home for Des- 
titute and Crippled Children; and consulting physi- 
cian for the Washingtonian Home. Dr. Ingals has 
given special attention to diseases of the chest, throat 



112 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



and nose lor twenty years, ana is an author of many 
articles on these diseases and of a text book extensive- 
ly used in the colleges, which has passed through its 
third edition. 

He has been president of the American Laryngolog- 
ical Association, first vice president of American Cli- 
matological Association, president of the Section of 
Laryngology and Otology of the American Medical 
Association, president of the Section of Laryngology 
of the Pan-American Congress, president of the Illi- 
nois State Medical Society and president of the Ameri- 
can Medical College Association. 

DRS. IVES AND DAVID. 

This well known firm of medical practitioners has 
a wide reputation in its special line of practice, and 
has for the past twenty years confined itself to the 
treatment of rectal diseases, such as piles, fistula, 
stricture, pruritus, etc. The great success of its 
treatment ihas attracted attention in all parts of the 
country. As a result of their exceptional experience 
Drs. Ives and David are abla to predict positively the 
result of their treatment entirely without experiment, 
and effect permanent cures in from two to eight weeks. 
During the past few years they have discarded the 
knife and the old barbarous treatment of mutilation in 
the treatment of hemorrhoids and substituted a meth- 
od of their own. The results 'have been remarkable, 
for out of sixty thousand treatments not one case 
has been lost nor has a patient lost control of the 
sphincter muscles. 

Their offices are located in the fifteenth story 
Champlain Building, No. 126 State street. All com- 
munications and business matters are handled with 
the greatest dispatch. 

FRANKLIN B. IVES, M. D. 

Dr. Franklin B. Ives was born in Chautauqua 
County, New York, April 30, 1823. His parents re- 



JHk^v '"■ 


i 


* • 

If* '" 




lb \ 


f 



then began his practice in Bureau County, which was 
marked with conspicuous success for twenty-five 
years. In 1875 Dr. Ives removed to Chicago, where 
he has been in practice ever since. For the past 
twenty-two years Dr. Ives has made a special study 
of that branch of the profession which relates to 
rectal diseases, such as piles, fistula, irritable ulcers, 
strictures, etc., and has made himself an authority 
in his profession in these cases. He numbers among 
his patients the most eminent men in all professions 
in this country. He is the senior partner in the firm 
of Drs. Ives and David. 

CYRENIUS A. DAVID. M. D. 

Dr. Cyrenius A. David was born in Richland Coun- 
ty, 111., April 25, 1845. He was educated at Fowler 
Institute, Kendall County, and graduated from Rush 
Medical College, Chicago, in the class of '69. He then 











if '. - 






/ 





FRANKLIN B. IVES, M. D. 

moved to Illinois when he was twelve years of age, 
and settled on a farm near Yorkville, Kendall Coun- 
ty. After receiving an academic education he en- 
tered Rush Medical College, graduating in 1850. He 



C. A. DAVID, M. D. 

entered upon an active practice of his profession in 
La Salle County, which was marked with great suc- 
cess. His attention was early turned to diseases of 
the rectum, such as piles, fistula, irritable ulcers, 
strictures, etc., and in 1875 he opened an office in 
Chicago, for the practice of this specialty. In order 
to more fully equip himself for this special work, he 
took a post graduate course at the University of New 
York, graduating in 1882. Through 'his labors and 
practice Dr. David has practically abolished the old 
methods of torture and substituted for them more 
numane and rational methods. He is associated with 
Dr. F. B. Ives, under the firm name of Drs. Ives and 
David. 

SAMUEL J. JONES, A. M., M. D., LL. D. 

Dr. Samuel J. Jones was born at Bainbridge, Pa., 
March 22, 1836. To exceptional school advantages in 
his youth he added diligent application, so that he 
graduated at twenty-one from Dickinson College, with 
the degree of A. B. Three years later his alma mater 
conferred upon him the additional degree of A. M., 
and in 1884 that of LL. D. 

He began the study of medicine under his father, 
and, a year later, entered the medical department of 
the University of Pennsylvania, from which he grad- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



113 



uated in 1860. After a competitive examination he 
was appointed assistant-surgeon in the United States 
Navy. His first active service was on the steam 
frigate "Minnesota." the flag-ship of the Atlantic 
blockading squadron. Until 1S68, when he resigned 
to engage in private practice. Dr. Jones remained in 
the service, taking part in the various naval opera- 
tions during the war and performing hospital duty 




SAMUEL J. JONES. M. D. 

during that time and after the war. He was pro- 
moted to the rank of surgeon in 1S63. After leaving 
the service he went abroad for professional study, 
and after his return engaged in practice and then 
settled in Chicago. There are few physicians who 
have had more extensive hospital connections or who 
have been more honored by the medical profession 
with official positions than Dr. Jones. He has fre- 
quently been chosen to represent the profession in 
various medical congresses held at home and abroad 
within the last twenty-five years. He has for twenty- 
six years been professor of ophthalmology and otol- 
ogy in Chicago Medical College. 

He has been for thirty years a member of the Chi- 
cago Academy of Sciences, has served as vice-presi- 
dent of the Academy, and is now president of its 
Board of Trustees. He was for a number of years 
editor of the Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner. 

RALPH NELSON ISHAM, M. D. 

Dr. Ralph N. Isham was born in Manheim, New 
York. March 16, 1831. He studied medicine with Prof. 
John T. Metcalfe and Prof. W. H. Van Buren. in New 
York City. He graduated from the University of New 
York, served in Bellevue Hospital, and removed to 
Chicago in 1855. He was appointed surgeon of t he 
U. S. Marine Hospital, at Chicago, by President Lin- 
coln, in lsc.L'. IU- was one of the founders of the Chi- 
cago Medical College, and was its first professor of 
surgical anatomy and operative surgery, which con- 
tinued until 1880. He was the first in the west to 
teach anatomy as applied to the art of surgery. He 
still retains a chair in the same institution. 

During the war. Dr. Isham was active in the organ- 
ization of military hospitals and in the work of the 
sanitary commission. His corps was the first on the 



battle field of Shiloh, where he personally performed 
many operations. He is still as enthusiastic in his 
love of his profession as ever. 

In politics Dr. Isham is a Republican, but has nev- 




RALPH 



ISHAM. 



er sought office. In religion he is a Presbyterian, a 
friend of the late Prof. Swing, and one of the principal 
supporters of his church. 

Dr. Isham was married in 1S56 to Miss Katherine 
Snow. They have two sons and two daughters, all 
living. 




MILTON JAY, M. D. 

Dr. Milton Jay was born near Dayton, Ohio, Maj 
10, 1833. He enjoyed about the same educational ad- 



114 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



vantages in his early youth that other farmer boys did, 
attending school in the winter and workingon the farm 
in the summer. He early attended the Farmers' In- 
stitute at La Fayette, Ind., and afterward took a 
course at Barlham College, Richmond, Ind. He then 
took a four years' medical course at the Eclectic Medi- 
cal College at Cincinnati, and at the Jefferson Medical 
College at Philadelphia, graduating in February. 1859. 
He then practiced surgery and medicine in Marion, 
Ind.. for eleven years. In 1S70 Dr. Jay, along with 
others, organized the Bennett Medical College of Chi- 
cago. For twenty years he was Dean and principal 
manager, as well as professor of surgery of that col- 
lege. To his popularity as a lecturer on surgery, and 
his acknowledged skill as an operator, are due much 
of the success of that institution during the time of 
his administration. Since withdrawing from the ac- 
tive work in the college he has devoted himself to his 
large and lucrative practice of surgery. Dr. Jay is a 
member of Cook County Medical Society, Illinois 
State Medical Society, American Medical Association 
and National Association of Railroad Surgeons. He 
is chief surgeon of Chicago & Eastern Illinois Rail- 
road, and has various hospital connections. 

OSCAR A. KING, M. D. 
Dr. Oscar A. King was born at Peru, Ind., February 
22, 1851, one in a family of eleven children. Until he 
was fifteen years old he lived and worked on the 
farm. He graduated at the High School at Peru, after 
which he devoted himself to teaching for several 
years, at the same time prosecuting university stud- 
ies. In 1873 he began the study of medicine under 




OSCAR A. KING, M. D. 

Prof. Henry Palmer, Surgeon General of Wisconsin, 
and afterward under Prof. Louis A. Saver, graduating 
from Bellevue Hospital Medical College of New York 
in 1S7S. Soon after he was chosen first assistant phy- 
sician to the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane, 
at Madison. Two years were spent abroad in hospital 
work in Vienna, under world-renowned masters. On 
his return, in 1882, Dr. King was elected professor of 
diseases of the mind and nervous system. College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago. In 1S90 he was 
changed to the chair of clinical medicine. Dr. King 
is the founder of the Oakwood Springs Sanitarium, at 



Lake Geneva, for the treatment of nervous diseases, 
which has attained wide celebrity. 

JAMES B. AND GEORGE WILBUR M'FATRICK. 
M. D.'S. 
This is an instance where two brothers in the same 
profession, and practicing the same specialty in it, 
are united in the same firm. 




Dr. James B. McFatrick. M. S., M. D., was born in 
Lena, Illinois, April 4, 1862. He is a graduate of the 
Upper Iowa University, where he received the degree 




GEO. W. M'FATRICK, M. D. 

of Master of Sciences. He began the study of medi- 
cine at Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, in 1S79, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



115 



and graduated in 1885. He spent two years in Cook 
County Hospital, took a degree from the Bennett 
College of Eclectic Medicine and Surgery, and im- 
mediately entered its faculty. In 1886 he was appoint- 
ed to the chair of Minor Surgery. Two years after he 
was given the chair of the Eye and Ear, a position 
he has retained ever since. In 1893 he was appointed 
a member of the State Board of Health. Dr. Mc- 
Fatrick's private practice has grown to such great 
proportions that he is now compelled to give his time 
wholly to it, except that of his college professorship 
and his position as surgeon to several insurance com- 
panies. Dr. McFatrick is a thirty-third degree Mason 
and deeply devoted to the good of the order. He has 
for many years been prominent in all Masonic affairs. 

George Wilbur McFatrick, M. D., was born at Lena, 
Illinois, October 27, 1870. He graduated at Bennett 
Medical College in the class of '92, and thereafter 
served for eighteen months as house physician and 
surgeon at the Cook County Hospital. He is profes- 
sor of diseases of the nose and throat, and clinical eye 
and ear surgery in Bennett Medical College; attend- 
ing surgeon and oculist and aurist to Cook 
County Hospital and Willie Hipp Hospital. He 
also is an enthusiastic thirty-second degree Ma- 
son and member of the Mystic Shrine. 

These two brothers McFatrick have one of the fin- 
est suites of rooms in Chicago devoted to eye, ear, 
nose and throat surgery, and the correcting of errors 
in refraction, situated on the tenth floor of the Ma- 
sonic Temple. Every appliance which science has 
made available is here used in the prosecution of 
their practice. They have recently organized and 
control the Northern Illinois College of Opthalmology 
and Otology, obtaining therefor a charter from the 
State of Illinois. In this school are taught surgery 
and diseases of the eye and ear. It also corrects 
errors of infraction. 

CHARLES E. MANIERRE, M. D. 
Dr. Charles E. Manierre was born in Chicago Feb- 
ruary 26, 1860, a descendant of one of the old New 




CITAS 



MANIERRE. 



Charles E. was educated in the public schools of 
the city until 1876, when he entered Cornell Univer- 
sity from which he graduated in 1S80. He then en- 
tered the Chicago Medical College; graduated in 
1882, and immediately began practice. He has been 
connected with the Chicago Policlinic since it was first 
established; has been one of the instructors for about 
seven years, and for three has been professor of ob- 
stetrics in the institution. Dr. Manierre has built up 
a fine practice, devoted mainly to obstetrics and dis- 
eases of women. He was married in 1882 to Miss Elva 
Hitz. Their beautiful home is graced by two children. 

FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, M. D. 
Dr. Franklin H. Martin, secretary of the Post Grad- 
uate Medical School, was born at Oconomowoc, Wis., 
in 1857. He is a pupil of Dr. W. C. Spalding of Wa- 
tertown. He took a three years' course at the North- 
western University Medical School, graduating in 
1880. He became resident physician and surgeon at 




England families. His parents settled in Chicago in 
1835 and lived here until their death. The family 
has been prominent all through the early history of 
the city. 



FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, M. D. 

Mercy Hospital for 1880-1, after which he entered 
upon a private practice. He has since drifted into 
gynecology and abdominal surgery as a specialty, 
while experimenting with apostoli electrical treatment 
for fibroid tumors of the uterus. In 1886 he was elect- 
ed professor of gynecology in the Chicago Policlinic, 
and in 1887 surgeon of the Woman's Hospital of Chi- 
cago. In 1889, together with a number of other emi- 
nent physicians, he founded the Post Graduate Medi- 
cal School, of which he became secretary. He has 
been an extensive writer on his specialty. One vol- 
ume on "Electricity in Gynecology and Obstetrics" 
ran through two editions in a few months. In 1894 
he was made chairman of the section of gynecology 
in tohe American Medical Association, and was also 
elected the same year as president of the Chicago 
Gynecological Society. His wife is a daughter of Dr. 
J. H. Hollister, one of Chicago's oldest and most 
eminent physicians. 

LISTON HOMER MONTGOMERY, A. M., M. D. 
Dr. L. H. Montgomery was born in McCuteheonville, 
Ohio, August 21, 1848. His early education was re- 
ceived at the common schools and at Mount Gilead 
High School; later he was a pupil at Heidelberg Col- 
lege, Tiffin, Ohio. Early in 1864, though but fifteen 



116 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



years of age, he enlisted and engaged in active ser- 
vice until the close of the civil war. After his dis- 
charge he taught school during the winters. Always 
having a taste for medical subjects he followed his 
bent and entered the Chicago Medical College in 1869, 
and graduated with honors in 1S71. whereupon he 
was immediately appointed senior resident physician 
at Mercy Hospital. This was the beginning of a 
medical career which has been crowned with success. 
Such honors as that of being appointed delegate to 
the British Medical Association have been heaped up- 
on him by his confreres. Dr. Montgomery uses his 
few leisure hours by writing contributions to the 
leading American and foreign medical journals. 



Dr. Ruben Ludlam 
the homeopa- 
thic iphysicians 
of Chicago. 
There are none 
more honored 
and respected 
and none who 
have obtained a 
wider fame in 
their profes- 
sion. Dr. Lud- 
lam was born 
in Camden, 
New Jersey. Oc- 
tober 7, 1831. 
His father was 
Dr. Jacob W. 
Ludlam, an 
eminent physi- 
cian, who died 
in Evanston, 
111., in 1858. 
Ruben, while 
still a child, 
accompanied 
his father on 
his profession- 
al visits, even 
then taking 
the liveliest in- 
terest in the 
different cases. 
He graduated 
from the old 
academy at 
Bridgeton, New 
Jersey, with 
the highest 
honors of his 
class. At six- 
teen, under the 
supervision of 
his father, he 
began a sys- 
tematic course 
of medicine at 
the University 
of Pennsylva- 
nia, where he 



RUBEN LUDLAM, M. D. 

stands pre-eminent among 




R. LUDLAM. M. D. 



received his degree of M. D. in 1852. After graduation 
he came to Chicago. At the time the doctrines of 
Hahnemann were causing universal agitation among 
physicians. Dr. Ludlam was one of those who be- 
came impressed with their truth. He cast aside the 
dogmas in which he was trained and placed himself 
under the banner of progressive homeopathy. He 
was active in forming the Hahnemann Medical Col- 
lege, and was elected to the chair of physiology, 
pathology and clinical medicine. Four years later 



he was transferred to the chair of obstetrics and dis- 
eases of women and children; and thence to the pro- 
fessorship of medical and surgical diseases of women, 
becoming dean of the faculty. In May, 1891, he be- 
came president of the college and hospital. 

In 1869 Dr. Ludlam became president of the Ameri- 
can Institute of Homeopathy, presided at its meeting 
at Boston, and delivered the annual oration. He was 
also made president of the Chicago Academy of Medi- 
cine, the Illinois Homeopathic Medical Society and 
the Western Institute of Homeopathy. In 1871, after 
the great fire, he became a member of the medical de- 
partment of the Relief and Aid Society. On the or- 
ganization of the State Board of Health, in 1877, Dr. 
Ludlam was appointed a member. He served until 
December. 1892. 

Dr. Ludlam has been a voluminous writer. For six 
years he was editorially connected with the 

North Ameri- 
can Journal 
of Homeopathy 
of New York, 
and for nine 
years with the 
United States 
Medical and 
Surgical Jour- 
nal of Chicago. 
For seventeen 
years he edited 
The Clinique, 
a monthly ab- 
stract of the 
work of the 
Clinical Society 
and of the 
Hah n e m a n n 
Hospital. Dr. 
Ludlam's great 
work, "Clinical 
and Didactic 
Lectures on the 
Diseases of 
Women." pub- 
lished in 1871, 
is now in its 
seventh edi- 
tion. It is used 
as a text book 
in all homeo- 
pathic colleges, 
and accepted as 
authority in 
this country 
and in Europe. 
Dr. Ludlam al- 
so translated 
from the 
French a very 
valuable work, 
"Lectures on 
Clinical Medi- 
cine," by Dr. 
Jousset, of Par- 
is. He is the 
author of "A 
Course of Clin- 
ical Lectures on Diphtheria." the first strictly medical 
work ever published in Chicago. 

Dr. Ludlam has been twice married; his first wife. 
Anna M. Porter, of Greenwich, N. J., died three years 
after marriage. By his second wife. Harriet G. Par- 
vin, he has one son, Ruben Ludlam. Jr.. also a physi- 
cian of great promise. 

THE HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL. 
The new Hahnemann Hospital, which was first 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



117 



opened in 1870, has recently rebuilt its hospital build- 
ing on Groveland avenue, and it is a model in all its 
details. It was built at a cost of $100,000. It em- 
bodies every feature that has been found desirable 
in such structures. Perfect sanitation, the latest im- 
provements in heating, electric lights, and improved 
service in every department make it as near perfect 
as modern science is capable of. It is seven storiesand 
basement in height; has a capacity for 225 beds, and 
has a specially furnished operating room on each 
floor, thoroughly asceptic and supplied with every 
known convenience. 

Overlooking Lake Michigan, on the Groveland ave- 
nue front, are suites of private apartments, elegantly 
and tastefully furnished, intended as suitable quar- 
ters where acute diseases can be properly treated, 
and where quiet for sick and convalescent patients 
can be secured. 

There are fourteen wards, each distinct and separ- 
ate from the others. The institution has its own 
training school for nurses, and is prepared to furnish 
on demand nurses trained to care for any case, medi- 
cal or surgical. 

The clinical instruction in this hospital is exclusive- 
ly given by the teaching corps of the Hahnemann 
Medical College. This permits the professors to give 
didactic lectures in the college to enforce and illus- 
trate their own teachings in the hospital. 

FRANKLIN MILES. M. D. 

Dr. Franklin Miles was born at Olmsted Falls, near 
Cleveland. Ohio. November 15, 1S47. of an illustrious 
family. To a thorough medical training he adds the 
careful and systematic methods of the original in- 
vestigator. For more than twenty years he has con- 
ducted a thorough course of special study of the dis- 
eases of the head, nerves, heart and stomach, until he 
has become a recognized authority on these ailments. 
He is at the head of the Miles Medical Association of 




The laboratory has grown from a single room to a 
magnificent structure of imposing architecture and 
fitted with every possible convenience. It contains 
50,000 feet of floor space. Dr. Miles is one of those 
who have the faculty of telling their discoveries in an 
instructive way. His contributions to medical litera- 
ture have been, in part, "Nervous Diseases," "Weak 
Eyes a Nervous Disease," "The Vse of Spectacles in 
the Treatment of Affections of the Brain and Nerves," 
"Diseases of the Ear," "The Permanent Cure of Head- 
ache Without Change of Occupation." "Heart Dis- 
ease," "Headache and Other Nervous Diseases." His 
practice extends to every state and territory, Canada, 
British Columbia and Mexico. 

TRUMAN W. MILLER, M. D. 

Dr. Truman W. Miller was born in Seneca County. 
New York, March 2, 1840. He is a graduate of Ho- 
bart College. Geneva, New York, and received his 
medical education at the College of Physicians and 




FRAXKI.IX MILES 



Chicago, which has its headquarters in the Masonic 
Temple, and which maintains one of the finest medi- 
cal laboratories in the world at Elkhart. Indiana. He 
is assisted by a corps of trained assistants equipped 
with the best scientific apparatus that money can buy 



TRUMAN W. MILLER, M. D. 

Surgeons of New York City. In 1862 he was ap- 
pointed a Medical Cadet, U. S. A., was promoted to 
A. A. Surgeon in 1863, and in the same year received 
his degree of M. D. from the Geneva Medical Col- 
lege. He served in the Army of the Potomac until 
after the battle of the Wilderness, when he was trans- 
ferred to Chicago and assigned to duty as post and 
examining surgeon, where he remained until the 
close of the war. After this he held the position of 
examining surgeon in the recruiting service for four 
years, and for four years assistant surgeon U. S. 
Marine Hospital service. In 1877 he was promoted 
to surgeon, which position he held until his resigna- 
tion in 1886. For six years he was surgeon of the 
First Regiment, I. N. G. 

Dr. Miller has been president and professor of gen- 
eral and genito-urinary surgery of the Chicago Poli- 
clinic since its organization in 1886; is consulting sur- 
geon of St. Joseph and Alexian Brothers Hospitals: 
surgeon of Maurice Porter Memorial Hospital; sur- 
geon in chief to many of the leading lines of railroads, 
and medical referee and consulting surgeon of several 
life and accident insurance companies. He is also a 
member of all the leading medical societies, general 



118 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



and local, and of many prominent social clubs. He 
has always taken an active interest in military mat- 
ters, and is a member and one of the founders of the 
Military Surgeons' Association of the United States, 
and is an old member of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public. 

E. P. MURDOCH. A. ML, M. D. 

Dr. E. P. Murdock was born in Indiana about fifty 
years ago of Scotch parentage, but was reared in Mis- 
souri. From a boy he has been a great student. One 
of his devices was a book rack attached to a plow, 
so that he could study while he worked. His tastes 
ran to history and natural sciences. He attended 
academy at Quincy. Illinois, but the breaking out of 
hostilities in 1S61 near his home cut short his school 
work at fifteen. Along with other boys of his own 
age. he took an active part in the war. first as a guide 




E. P. MURDOCK. M. D. 

to the Union troops, and later he joined the state 
militia. This he found unsatisfactory and so enlisted 
in the Forty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, 
where he served until the close of the war. At Selma, 
Alabama, in 1865, he was made steward and given 
entire charge of the Freedmen's Hospital, although 
only nineteen years old. At the close of the war he 
returned and taught school in order to acquire money 
with which to prosecute his studies. For four years 
he had charge of the Streator schools, and it was by 
his efforts that the Streator High School was organ- 
ized. At the same time he prosecuted his studies and 
took his college course, being now a member of the 
Cornell Alumni Association. He then entered Rush 
Medical College at Chicago, and on his graduation he 
was placed in charge of its museum, where he prose- 
cuted extensive studies in teretology, making himself 
master and acknowledged authority on that subject. 
He gathered the most extensive collection of speci- 
mens in this country, which he afterward presented 
to Rush College. He was elected lecturer upon surgi- 
cal diseases of women of the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons when that college was organized. He 
is also professor of surgery and surgical pathology in 
the Columbia Dental College and professor of physi- 
ology and hygiene of the voice in song and speech of 



the American Conservatory of Music. He is medical 
officer of the Grand Lodge of Switchmen and surgeon- 
in-chief of the Railway Brotherhood Hospital, and 
surgeon to the department of diseases of women in 
Cook County Hospital. He is president of the Aux- 
iliary Medical Corps of the Chicago Health Depart- 
ment and president of the Co-operative College of 
Citizenship. It was through his efforts that anti- 
toxin was introduced into the city health department 
for the cure of diphtheria, for which he was deco- 
rated with a diamond medal by the medical staff. 

HENRY PARKER NEWMAN, M. D. 

Dr. Henry Parker Newman, son of James and 
Abby (Everett) Newman, grandson of James Madi- 
son Newman, was born December 2, 1S53, at Wash- 
ington, N. H. After a preparatory education ob- 
tained at the New London (N. H.) Literary and Sci- 
entific Institution, he began to read medicine. 1ST4. 
under Dr. George Cook, of Concord, N. H.: attended 
lectures at Dartmouth Medical College, which insti- 
tution has since honored him with the degree of A. 
M.. and at the Detroit College of Medicine, and was 
graduated from the latter in March. 1S7S. While a 
senior student he was house physician at St. Luke's 
Hospital, Detroit. He then spent two years in study 
in Germany in the universities of Strasburg, Leipsig. 
and Bonn. Returning to the United States he settled 
permanently in Chicago. 

Dr. Newman is corresponding fellow of the Detroit 
Gynecological Society: member and chairman of the 
committee on membership of the Chicago Medical So- 
ciety: fellow and secretary of the Chicago Gynecolog- 
ical Society; fellow of the American Gynecological 
Society: member and treasurer of the American 
Medical Association; member of the Illinois State 
Medical Society: of the Illinois State Microscopical 
Society, and of the International Medical Congress, 
having been a delegate to the tenth congress in Ber- 
lin, 1S90. Dr. Newman is also president of the Labor- 




HEXRT P. XEWMAX 



atory of Experimental Research. Chicago, since 1889, 
a director and treasurer of the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons. Chicago, since 1S93: a director and for- 
merly president of the Post-Graduate Medical School, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



119 



Chicago, and professor of diseases of women in the 
same since 18S8; professor of obstetrics and clinical 
gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, of 
which institution he has been an active promoter since 
its organization in 1881; surgeon in the department 
of diseases of women in the Post-Graduate, St. Eliza- 
beth and Chicago hospitals; and gynecologist-in-chief 
to the West Side Free Dispensary. Dr. Newman is 
also a member of the Society of the Sons of New 
Hampshire: examiner-in-chief and medical referee. 
Department of the Northwest, of the Berkshire Life 
Insurance Company; elder in the Third Presbyterian 
Church, Chicago, and member of Detroit Lodge No. 1, 
F. and A. M. 

Dr. Newman has been editor of the department of 
obstetrics and gynecology of the North American 
Practitioner since 1893, in which journal appeared, in 
1889, a "History of Obstetrics," from his pen. He is 
also the author of papers on "Shock and Nervous In- 
fluences in Parturition," Chicago Medical Journal and 
Examiner, 1885: "The Remote Results of Shortening 
the Round Ligaments for Uterine Displacements by a 
New and Original Method of Operation." American 
Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. XXIV.; "Prolapse of the 
Female Pelvic Organs," the Journal of the American 
Medical Association; "Curettage, Trachelorrhaphy, 
and Ventro-fixation": "The Sequelae of Abortions:" 
"Six Years' Experience in Shortening the Round Liga- 
ments for Uterine Displacements"; "A Plea for More 
Thorough Training in General Medicine and Obstet- 
rics on the Part of the Gynecologist," etc. His origi- 
nal researches include abdominal, pelvic and plastic 
gynecological and obstetrical surgery, and he has de- 
vised surgical methods for shortening the round liga- 
ments for uterine displacements. In colpoperine- 
orrhaphy. a new method for operating for hernial con- 
ditions of the rectum, bladder and uterus; and in 
new instruments he has originated uterine dilators, 
combined dressing forceps and dilators, also instru- 
ments for tamponade of the uterus. 

Married, in 1882. Miss Fanny Louise, daughter of 
Lothrop S. Hodges, Esq., of Chicago. Their children 
are Helen Everett and Willard Hodges, living, and 
Eugene Bush and Isabel Fairbanks, deceased. 



cal College, occupying the chair of "operative sur- 
gery and surgical anatomy." In 1891 he was trans- 
ferred to the chair of "principles and practice of sur- 
gery and clinical surgery." 

Dr. Owens is a member of all the important medi- 
cal societies, local and general, and for twenty-two 




JOHN E. OWENS, M. D 

years has been superintending surgeon of the Illinois 
Central Railway, and is also chief surgeon to the Chi- 
cago and Northwestern Railway. He was also medi- 
cal director of the World's Fair. He was married 
December 30, 1869, to Miss Alethia S. Jamar. They 
have one daughter as the fruit of this union. 



JOHN EDWIN OWENS, M. D. 

Dr. John E. Owens, a man of profound learning 
and of high professional attainments, was born at 
Charlestown, Md., October 16, 1836. He is a son of a 
Maryland planter, of Welch extraction, and of one 
of the old and influential families of the South. John 
completed his scholastic education under the re- 
nowned Edward Arnold, LL. D., at Mount Washing- 
ton, Md.. followed by his medical course, at first, un- 
der Dr. Justice Dunnott at Elkton. and afterward at 
Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, from which 
■he graduated in 1862. He also took a post-graduate 
course in surgical anatomy and operative surgery 
under Dr. D. Hayes Agnew of Philadelphia. His 
thorough equipment for the work of his profession 
secured prompt recognition. He was elected resident 
physician at Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia, where 
he remained thirteen months. Early in 1863 Dr. 
Owens tendered his services to the Union Army, and 
was assigned to duty in the Military Hospital at 
Chicago. He is senior surgeon of St. Luke's Hospital. 
Dr. Owens has been prominently connected with Chi- 
cage medical colleges since 1867. For four years he 
was lecturer on surgical diseases of the urinary or- 
gans in Rush, and for nine years more he lectured 
on the principles and practice of surgery in the same 
institution in the spring course. He subsequently be- 
came professor of orthopedic surgery in the same in- 
stitution, and in 1877 was made professor of "princi- 
ples and practice of surgery" in the Woman's Medi- 
cal College. In 1882 he joined the Chicago Medi- 



DR. J. W. STREETER. 

John Williams Streeter was born on September 14. 
1841, at Austinburg, in northeastern Ohio. He was 
six years of age when his father removed to western 
New York, and became pastor of a church in Henri- 
etta, five miles from Rochester. Here he went to 
school and completed an academic education, when 
his father removed to Westville, Ohio, and accepted 
a professorship in Otterbein University. He wished 
to give his son a collegiate education, and was anxious 
that he should prepare himself for the study of medi- 
cine. As his means were limited John felt the neces- 
sity of striking out for himself, which he did. some- 
times working on a farm and sometimes teaching. 
At the breaking out of the war young Streeter en- 
listed in the 1st Michigan Light Artillery and went 
into active service. He was engaged in Kentucky, 
Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, finally being mus- 
tered out in September, 1865, at the end of the war. 
as a first lieutenant. 

On his muster out he began the study of medicine 
with Dr. Morse, of Union City. Mich., and in the fall 
of that year he went to Ann Arbor, where he attended 
his first course of medical lectures. He afterward 
for a time, under Dr. D. C. Powers, of Coldwater. 
Mich., who had been the surgeon of his battery' dur- 
ing the war, and still later with Dr. Goodwin, an ex- 
naval surgeon, of Toledo, Ohio. He devoted three 
years to the study of medicine, and then came to 
Chicago and graduated from Hahnemann Medical Col- 



120 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



lege in 1868. Then accepting a position as physician 
in charge of the Hahnemann Medical College dispen- 
sary, he devoted himself for two years almost entire- 





% - w 




-^r MR 



JOHN W. STREETER, M. D. 

ly to a "charity practice." As he had practically ex- 
hausted his financial resources in obtaining his edu- 



But finally his professional skill brought him the 
very best class of patronage. He made fast friends 
of the patients who came to him for treatment, and 
he has since swelled his income to more than that 
of the average railroad president. 

He was one of the founders of the Chicago Homoeo- 
pathic College in 1877, and was assigned to the chair 
of "medical diseases of women and children." Two 
years later this was changed to "medical and surgical 
diseases of women." Dr. Streeter has given special 
attention to complicated diseases of women, and is 
recognized as one of the most successful gynecolo- 
gists in the country. He has been for several years 
connected with the Cook County Hospital and the 
new hospital of the Chicago Homoeopathic College. 
He has also one of the largest private hospitals in the 
United States, the Streeter Hospital, which was estab- 
lished in 1888. From small beginnings it has grown 
to be one of the finest and best appointed private 
hospitals in the world. It is situated on Calumet ave- 
nue, is massive in construction, practically fire proof 
and perfectly adapted for its use. Every room has a 
southern exposure. The building is heated by hot 
water, lighted by electricity, furnished with a hy- 
draulic elevator, ventilated by a system of electric 
fans, and is in every respect as complete as skill, 
experience and money can make it. There is a train- 
ing school for nurses connected with the hospital. 
Prof. Streeter is in personal charge, performing all 
operations. 

Dr. Streeter was united in marriage in 1869 to 
Miss Mary Clark, a daughter of Israel W. Clark, of 
Union City, Mich. Three children, one son and two 
daughters, complete the family circle. 

HEMAN SPALDING, M. D. 

Dr. Heman Spalding was born at West Creek, Indi- 
ana, September 10, 1852. He attended the Male and 




THE STREETER HOSPITAL. 

cation, these two years, which brought him scarcely 
enough paying practice to meet the outlay for office 
rent, constituted the most trying period of his life. 



HEMAN SPALDING, M. D. 

Female College at Valparaiso, after which he entered 
A9bury University (now De Pauw), where he took a 
three years' classical course. After this he engaged in 
teaching for several years, a part of the time as prin- 
cipal of the Grant Park school. He began the study 
of medicine under Dr. N. S. Davis, of Chicago, and at 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



121 



the Chicago Medical College, now the Northwestern 
University Medical School, and graduated in 18S1. Dr. 
Spalding has been in constant practice since gradua- 
tion. In 1890, without solicitation on his part or the 
part of his friends, he was appointed as medical in- 
spector in the Department of Health by Dr. Wicker- 
sham, then Commissioner of Health. As such, he had 
charge of the work of suppressing contagious diseases 
on the south side in Chicago during the epidemic of 
small-pox of 1893-94-95. He continued to hold this 
position under five different administrations. 

Dr. Spalding is a member of the American Medical 
Association, the Chicago Medical Society, the Physi- 
cians' Club, the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, and the 
Masonic order. He was married to Miss Evelyn 
Little, of Olathe, Kansas. December 24, 1889. 

EBENEZER H. THURSTON, M. D. 
Dr. Ebenezer H. Thurston was born in Wolver- 
hampton, England, December 22, 1838. His parents 
came to America in 1845 and settled in Madison Coun- 
ty, New York. They gave their son the best educa- 
tional facilities possible, especially under private tu- 
tors. One of the latter. Prof. James Bush, took spe- 
cial pains to lay a broad foundation for an academic 
and medical education. In 1859 he began the study 
of medicine under Dr. M. M. Bragg, of Utica, N. Y. 
When the war broke out young Thurston enlisted in 
the 14th New York Volunteers. He became attached 
to the Hospital Department as steward. He was 




E. H. THURSTON, M. D. 

made a prisoner at the battle of Gaines' Mills and 
sent to Libby Prison, but was released the following 
November and sent to St. John's College Hospital, An- 
napolis, Md. Here he passed an examination and 
received a regular appointment as hospital steward. 
U. S. A., partly as a reward for his attention to the 
sick officers and soldiers in Libby Prison. But his 
arduous duties had led to a severe attack of typhoid 
fever, which, for a time, destroyed his health. He 
received an honorable discharge from the army. 
With change of scene and relaxation from active duty, 
convalescence came, when he resumed his medical 
studies, and. in 1864, obtained his degree of M. D. 
from the University of Buffalo: whereupon he went 
to Albany, passed a rigid medical examination, and 



received a commission as assistant surgeon of the 
8th New York Cavalry. He was with that regiment 
in all its battles, from Petersburg to Appomattox. At 
the close of the war he was brevetted surgeon and hon- 
orably mustered out of service at Rochester, New- 
York, in July, 1865. Thenceforth he practiced his 
profession in New York State until 1870, when he 
removed to Chicago. Here he has met with an abun- 
dant success. He stands high in the profession, as 
well as in the various organizations of the G. A. R. 
He is past commander of Abraham Lincoln Post and 
aide-de-camp on the staff of the National Commander. 
He is also surgeon of the Western Society, Army of 
the Potomac, a member of the Prisoner of War and 
Illinois Woman's Soldiers' Home Associations. 

WILLIAM MARION STEARNS, M. D. 
Dr. William M. Stearns, one of the foremost physi- 
cians in the city, was born at Dale, New York, June 
20, 1856. His parents removed during his infancy to 
Will County, Illinois, where he received his early 
training in the common and high schools. He fitted 
himself for teaching, which he followed several years. 
At twenty-one he entered the Chicago Homoeopathic 




WM. M. STEARNS. M. D. 

Medical College, graduating in 1880. He was then of- 
fered a position as house physician and surgeon of the 
state penitentiary at Joliet, which he accepted and 
held for three years. In 1883 he went to Europe for 
two years' post-gTaduate study in the great German 
and Austrian hospitals, devoting himself to his 
chosen specialty, the diseases of the ear, nose and 
throat. On his return he was appointed assistant 
to the professor of otology and ophthalmology in the 
Chicago Homoeopathic Medical College: and in 1890 
was elected professor of rhinology and laryngology 
in the same institution. In these specialties Dr. 
Stearns has taken high rank in his profession, his 
great abilities being fully recognized by the profes- 
sion at large. In 1S87 Dr. Stearns married Miss Fan- 
nie A. Foote, the daughter of Dr. Foote, a well-known 
dentist of Belvidere, Illinois. 

EDWIN HARTLEY PRATT, A. M., M. D.. LL. D. 
Dr. Edwin Hartley Pratt is one of those strong, 
forceful characters which stamp their personalities 



122 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



upon the age in which they live. He was born at 
Towanda, Pennsylvania, November 6, 1849. His in- 
dependence of character began to assert itself at an 
early age. While taking his preparatory course at 
Wheaton College, Illinois, the college authorities 
learned that he had been active in the organization 
of a Good Templar lodge, when they demanded that 
he sever his connection with it. This he refused to 
do, preferring to leave the school rather than submit 
to an arbitrary interference with his personal lib- 
erty. He then entered Che Chicago University, gradu- 
ating in 1871. In the meantime he had decided upon 
medicine as a profession, and so entered Hahnemann 
Medical College, graduating in 1873 with degree of 
M. D., being valedictorian of his class. 

Upon gradu- 
ation, his rec- 
ord having 
been so high, 
he was placed 
upon the staff 
of Hahnemann 
as a teacher 
and as assist- 
ant to the pro- 
fessor of anat- 
omy. The reg- 
ular professor 
being absent so 
much of the 
time, almost 
the whole of 
the duties fell 
upon him. Here 
h e acquitted 
himself so well 
that, at the fol- 
lowing term, 
he was ten- 
dered the chair 
o f anatomy, 
with a fair sal- 
ary, which he 
accepted. In 
the spring of 
1876 Dr. Pratt 
resigned from 
the faculty 
along with 
nine others, 
out of thirteen 
professors, and 
assisted in the 
organization of 
the Chicago 
H o moeopathic 
College. H e 

was given the 
chair of anat- 
omy in the new 
i n s t i t u t ion. 
This he held 
until 18 8 3, 

when he was 
transferred to the chair of surgery, which he still fills. 

While Dr. Pratt's success as an instructor has been 
conspicuous, it is in the field of original research 
that are found his greatest achievements. It was 
while handling the complicated and obscure cases 
in his college clinics that he discovered the effect of 
certain surgical operations upon particular chronic 
diseases. From his observations he was enabled to 
draw certain deductions, which received a most un- 
expected and complete verification. After one of his 
lectures, sixteen members of his class presented them- 
selves for treatment. The result was a marvelous 
success. Thenceforth orificial surgery became fully 




EDWIN H. PRATT. M. D. 



established in the curriculum of the college. A chair 
of orificial surgery was created, which was filled by 
Dr. Pratt. 

Dr. Pratt has been highly honored by his medical 
brethren at home and abroad for his important dis- 
coveries. He has been made an honorary member of 
the Missouri, Ohio, and Kentucky Medical Societies 
and the Southern Association of Physicians. He is 
an active member of the Illinois State Medical Asso- 
ciation, the Chicago Academy of Medicine and the 
American Institute of Homoeopathy. He was also 
honored with the degree of LL. D. by his alma mater. 
It was he who established the beautiful and now 
famous Lincoln Park Sanitarium, where the princi- 
ples of orificial surgery have been put to extensive 

and varied 
tests, which 
have demon- 
strated their 
great value. 
Here patients 
have come for 
treatment and 
physicians for 
instruction. A 
new monthly 
magazine has 
been estab- 
lished, The 
Journal of Ori- 
ficial Surgery, 
of which Dr. 
Pratt is the 
e d itor-in- 
chief. 

Dr. Pratt 
has since or- 
g a n i z e d the 
Pratt Sanitari- 
um, where the 
same high 
grade is con- 
tinued as in 
the other. All 
the most com- 
plicated forms 
of chronic dis- 
eases are treat- 
ed; and here 
p hysicians 
come from far 
and near to 
learn to apply 
the same skill 
shown by Dr. 
Pratt. 

Dr. Pratt 
was married 
June 26, 1877. 
to Miss Isa 
N. Bailey, of 
Jersey Heights, 
New Jersey. 
Their marriage 
One daughter, 
and a son, 



has been blessed with two children. 
Isabel, died when eighteen months old 
Edwin Bailey Pratt, was killed in a street car acci- 
dent when eight and a half years old. 

JOHN G. TRINE, M. D. 

John G. Trine was born in Boonesboro, Maryland, 
on September 18, 1830. His youth was spent at an 
excellent private school. His earlier manhood was 
devoted to farming on the northwestern prairies, 
where he became a student and lover of nature. This, 
with an instinctive dislike and distrust of the pre- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



123 




JOHN G. TRINE, M. D. 

vailing medical practice of that day, turned his earlier 
thought to the contemplation of the remedial pro- 



cesses in the living system, which led to the reading 
and study of physiology, hygiene and co-related sub- 
jects. 

This reading suggested a course of study at the New- 
York Hygeio-Medical College, which was pursued, at 
the same time attending lectures and clinics at the 
Bellvue Medical Hospital College. 

After receiving the degree at his favorite college in 
1859, he also graduated at Dr. Dio Lewis' Normal In- 
stitute for "Physical Culture" in Boston. Here he 
was led to investigate the system of treatment which 
later on culminated in the general term, "Movement 
Cure," at that day a comparatively unknown system 
of remedial exercise, founded upon a proper knowl- 
edge of the curative resources within the living organ- 
ism, the improvement of health and the removal of 
disease. This system, by readjustment of the altered 
conditions to the normal requirements, deals with 
energy or power, physical and vital. 

The young doctor then determined that he had 
found his life's use. From these foundations, a suc- 
cessful six years' teaching "physical culture" and the 
practice of his chosen method in Providence, Rhode 
Island, and since 1867 in Chicago, with many im- 
proved facilities for promoting his work, has grown 
his present institution, now located at Rooms 710-719 
Champlain Building, 126 State street. 

Only those who have experienced Dr. Trine's meth- 
ods can properly appreciate his medical genius, deli- 
cate tact, quick perceptions, ready sympathy and kind- 
liness. Hosts of people in Chicago and elsewhere 
will live long to bless the man who has brought them 
the means of renewed health and strength, after 
other methods had failed and hope had abandoned 
them. 



124 



UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 



DENTISTS. 



TRUMAN W. BROPHY, M. D., D. D. S., LL. D. 

Dr. Truman W. Brophy, educated both as a physi- 
cian and a dentist, undoubtedly stands at the head of 
the dental profession in Chicago. He is dean of the 
Chicago College of Dental Surgery, and was one of its 
founders. He was born in Will County, Illinois, April 
12, 1848. He took a preparatory course at the Elgin 
Academy, and entered upon his professional studies 
in 1S66. He took a course at the Philadelphia College 
of Dental Surgery, graduating in 1872. Then, after 
obtaining what experience he could by a tour of the 




T. W. BROPHY. M. D., D. D. S., LL. D. 

medical colleges and hospitals of the East, he re- 
turned to Chicago and began his practice. But he 
found cases requiring a more extended knowledge of 
medicine and surgery than was taught in the dental 
colleges, and so, in 1878, he began a regular course 
of study at Rush Medical College. He graduated in 
1880 as president of his class with the degree of M. D., 
and was at once elected to the chair of dental path- 
ology and surgery in that college. He has since taken 
rank at the head of his profession. Dr. Brophy stands 
high in all the professional societies, local and gen- 
eral, and also among the numerous social clubs, of 
which he is a member. He married Miss Emma J. 
Mason, of Chicago, in 1S73. 



JAMES E. LOW. D. D. S. 

Dr. James E. Low was born in Otsego County, New 
York, in 1837. He is a son of Ronald and Susan 



(Howard) Low. His inclination and ambition always 
were to obtain for himself an education that would 
fit him for a professional career in life. With this end 
in view, his indomitable will power, which has been 
a leading characteristic through life, removed all 
obstacles. After gaining a reputation of being an 
expert as a dental surgeon in the East, Dr. Low came 
to Chicago in 1865, where he began the practice of 
dentistry: and, in a short time, established a remun- 
erative and distinctive business. But the object of 
this sketch is more especially to speak of the many 
innovations he has made in dental practice from 
time to time. Being of an inventive turn of mind and 
of tireless industry, he has been constantly bringing 
new and valuable methods and ideas into practical 
use. Bridge and crown work, which was one of the 
first of his inventions, gave him a world-wide reputa- 
tion. His great work for the benefit of mankind 




JAMES E. LOW, D. D. S. 

has given him a place in dental science which will 
never be forgotten; and he may well be placed in the 
front rank as one of the benefactors of mankind. He 
is always popular with his students and patrons, as 
well as his many assistants. His broad spirit and 
great energy have enabled him to bring his view be- 
fore the people; and to-day he has the satisfaction of 
seeing them extensively incorporated into the prac- 
tice of the profession. 

His office, which is located in the First National 
Bank Building, 164 Dearborn street, where it has been 
since the completion of the building, is well patron- 
ized by a class of appreciative customers, who know- 
ingly seek his valuable services. 



»:: The Turning Point of Life »» 

The hour that marks this point in every person's life is that in which is presented to them an 
opportunity that will yield the greatest results from the smallest investment. 

[f you suffer from indigestion the time for you to get a new grip on life has arrived. If you 
deeule to send for a free trial box of our "Magnolia Dyspepsia Tablets," relief from all the 
miseries that result from impaired digestion will follow, good health and perfect digestion will be 
your reward for exercising good judgment. Ignore this and you will eternally regret your lack 

dth iii advertisements, which prompted you t>> miss this golden opportunity of your life. 

Send at Once for a -^ re niedy sent out strictly on its merits. It speaks for 
itself from the date of the first dose until a permanent cure 

Free Trial Box of the is effected 

^Z IT - ^ . T . , , „ *-*»* SOUTH BEIND REMEDY CO., 

Magnolia Dyspepsia Tablets," „ . „ „ ' 

Bo\ A, South Bend, Indiana. 

The Progressive Mans Ideal. 

Duplex Cppeiuriter 

Medal and Diploma at World's Fair. 
Gold Medal and Diploma of 
Honor at Atlanta Exposition. 




FASTEST IN THE WORLD. 



Has a complete alphabet for eacq qaqd. Coqtiquously prints two letters of a word 
tqe same iqstaqt aqd as quickly as oqe letter caq be pnqted oq otqer writing 
rqacqines. Responds v itq perfect work to a speed of twenty letters per secoqd. 

Double Speed.... Double Humility "»'"t to l earn and operate. 




The Jewett Typewriter 



' ";; h •emu I Kc\ '-Boa rd. 

I 'err Prompt and J:asy Action. 



A Powerful Manifolder 



Specially adapted to Telegraph and 

General Office Work where the greater speed of the 

Duplex is not required. 

A delightful machine .<■ operate. 

Write for Circulars. 

Manufactured by 

Duplex Typewriter Co.. 

DES MOINES, IOWA. 

General Agents Wanted. 




CHICAGO OFFICE I 

Howard, Vowell & Golding, 

149 MONROE STREET. 



L. A. MELZE, 

M.D.. D.D.S., 

* 

& SONS 



# * 



Superior 
Dental Parlors 



PAINLESS AND HIGH-CLASS DENTISTRY. 
BY OUR NEW METHOD WE PRACTICE PAINLESS DENTISTRY 



DENIAL 




CROWN AND BRIDGE WORK OUR SPECIALTY. 

DR. MELZE, SR., or one of his sons, personally attend to each patient, and by reason of their superior 
ability they produce the greatest possible result in all of these operations WITHOUT PAIN. 



NO PAIN. NO GAS. 

Painless Extraction .... 50 cts. 
Set of Teeth on Rubber . . $5.00 

.?>^ ^SS» Best Set 8.00 

Gold fillings $1.00 up 

Silver and Cement Fillings, 50 cts. 
22-Carat Gold Crowns . . . $5.00 

NO CHARGES FOR PAINLESS EXTRACTURE WHEN TEETH ARE ORDERED. 

Come in the morning and have your teeth extracted, and we will send you home same evening, with a 
perfect filling and elegant temporary set of teeth, without any extra charge. 





OPEN TILL 9.QO P. M. 
SUNDA YS, 4.QO P. M. 
LADY IN ATTENDANCE. 
'PHONE, 1596 MAIN. 



Superior Dental Parlors, 



Inter Ocean Bldg., 2d Floor, 209-I0-II, 
Cor. Madison and Dearborn Sts. 



Standard 



ESTABLISHED 1890 




Detective 
Agency ° 



PEN DAY AND 
IGHT 



w -^ »- JiL 

7\ *i A «* 



40, 42, and 44 
North Clark Street, 
Suites 5, 6, and 7, 
Chicago, 111. 

Telephone, North 182. 





SERVICE 



Reliable service rendered in any part of the world. 

Civd and criminal cases attended to. 

Searches for missing people instituted. 

Habits of employes and members of family ascertained. 

Lost and stolen property recovered. 

Shadowing a specialty. 

Guides, watchmen, and custodians furnished. 

Confidential, reliable, and reasonable. 

A. L. STANDARD, General Manager. 



Glay, 
Robinson 
and oompany. 



Send for the 
Live Stock Report 

IF rOU WISH TO BE KEPT 
RELIABLY POSTED. 

U i> Eree, upon application, to any 
one asking for it who is interested in 
the live stock businessin anv country 



Live Stock Commission 

STOCK YARDS. 

Chicago, HI. Kansas City, Mo. South Omaha, Neb. 

Denver, Colo. Salt Lake City, Utah 

A. E. dk RICQLES. Representative. FRANK! SEARS, Representative. 

YOUR CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITED 



TO ALL OE THE ABOVE POINTS. 



WRITE US FOR ANY 
MARKET INFORMATION. 



DEXXEHY'S 

OLD UNDEROOF 

Pure Rye Whiskey 

The Hierhest Grade 




Old and Mellow 



CHICAGO, ILL. 



# 

m 
m 

& 
m 

B 
B 

B 

• 

m 

b 

m 
m 
m 
b 
m 
m 
m 
b 

B 

m 

B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 



Monarch 



On the highways and byways of this great land 

The cyclers are everywhere seen. 
And each one will wager, when brought to a stand 

That he rides the finest machine. 
But for beautiful strength and symmetrical grace, 

Hark f how the loud praises ring 
Over hills, through the valleys, as onward they race- 

The MONARCH! The MONARCH is KING! 



# 

i 

i 

B 
& 

m 
i 

m 
m 
m 
m 
i 

i 

FOUR STYLES, $85 & $100 I 

f 

Monarch Cycle Mfg. Co., n 

m 

FACTORY. ( Retail Salesroom, 280 Wabash Avenue, Ji 

Lake, Halsted, and j BLISS & LUMSDEN, Managers. W 

Fulton Streets. <sP 

1 




u u ^** 



*&ws ^ 






^ ..... *„ ^..•^••.^ .o*..'^._V ' 1 ^ v .»J^%^"" r .o* w t .v , .f. "V 



"*^ * 






-4°«* . 



£>. % -ft. »*4"J"' * vfs&te* ** * »*££'• v^te''^ 

* : /\ \i|l : /\ *°Wwj sx l $g?j /\ IIP*- /v it 





^d* 



V*" 




*bV" 


















4?^ 
















• • » • A ^ . 









O, *o*. T * A 












:^-y v^v v^v V^V v 

^ y,-A-i;./^ .^^kr.V ^*.:i*.X -*.***>♦ 



* ^ 



W 



<&> A ♦ 






<?, '♦.. 












/..ait\ <?&&>* 4fs&kS **££•* / 

* AT 7>v 

• A <",. -• 



•i\ *'TVi' ,G 










,0* ,' l A!* "'o, A* 

> ^ 



y :'£&: \/ •&& %s -W&-- \ / tiNfc- 



» i 



HECKMAN 
BINDERY INC. 

DEC i 



M 



N. MANCHESTER, 
INDIANA 46962 















